共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 301 毫秒
1.
【目的】分析湖光岩玛珥湖流场、温度、密度、浮性频率的三维空间结构、时间演变及其与风场的关系。【方法】于2017年1-4月,用三维超声风速仪、安德拉海流计、ADCP、CTD等进行每月一次的观测,对现场风速,流速、温盐等实测数据进行分析。【结果】表层平均流速为0.05 m/s,其中,表层的平均流速在1-2月为0.03 m/s,在3-4月较大,为0.08 m/s。流向以南向或东南向为主,与观测风向大致吻合。垂向上,次表层流速较小,为0.02 m/s,近底层流速有增大的趋势。1-2月观测表层温度为18.5~21.5℃,温度随深度的增加而下降。跃层主要出现在2~5 m,温度梯度为0.2℃/m。3-4月温度升高到19~26℃,温跃层加深,出现在6~10 m,温度梯度最大达到0.8℃/m。水深2 m处,近岸水浅站位表现为高温低密,12 m处部分深水站位呈现高温。 相似文献
2.
民航飞机气象资料的应用及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了将AMDAR资料应用于常规观测预报中,对天气系统的演变特征进行更细微的监测,利用2011年5月1~3日的AMDAR资料,分析AMDAR时空分布特点;对比气象常规高空观测实际,研究AMDAR资料处理技术,得出具体算法,并结合2011年5月1~3日常规高空观测资料分析天气形势,看出常规高空观测中显示的1日20时移出盆地的高原东部至盆地上空的浅槽于1日14时就已经移出盆地了,延安伸出的槽在14时也已出现。研究结果表明,高空气压的计算可直接用等温大气中的压高方程代替;AMDAR资料应用于常规高空观测可以得到比常规高空观测更为细致的结果。 相似文献
3.
庞朝云 《成都信息工程学院学报》2011,(6):702-706
为了研究飞机积冰的一般规律,增强飞行安全保障能力,利用2003年9月19日甘肃省人工增雨飞机空中观测资料和机载PMS粒子探测系统采集数据,分析了出现飞机积冰的气象条件和云层微物理结构。PMS探测到云层中云粒子浓度在0．05-5．91个/cm3,均值为0．93个／cm3;云中含水量均值为0．0043g／m3,最大值为0．0233g／m3;在6200米以上,云中粒子浓度、含水量以及平均浓度直径都较大。分析结果表明：飞机出现较强积冰时的温度低于-5℃;积冰出现在粒子总浓度和含水量较大区域,且雨滴浓度和平均直径的增大对积冰的出现具有重要作用;大粒子对发生积冰贡献值较大。 相似文献
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采用零次差分简化动力法对CHAMP卫星GPS相位观测资料进行精密轨道计算,并将计算结果与CHAMP快速轨道进行比对.结果表明X,Y、Z方向差值均方根为0.061 m,0.060 m与0.066 m,精度达到了厘米级;同时利用全球人卫激光观测数据对所求轨道进行验证,表明其精度优于20 cm. 相似文献
5.
联合GRACE卫星轨道及距离变率数据反演地球重力场方法研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
基于动力学法,研究联合GRACE卫星精密轨道及距离变率数据反演地球重力场的方法,该方法可对重力位系数及卫星初始状态误差同时进行有效校正。通过对各观测值模拟不同的随机误差,研究了不同精度观测值联合反演所能达到的精度,以及用相同精度的观测值进行联合反演时不同采样率对反演结果的影响,模拟计算结果表明：联合反演模式下,当距离变率精度为1 μm/s,卫星位置精度为2~3 cm,速度精度为0.1~0.5 mm/s时,加速度计精度为(1.0×10 -10~1.0×10-9 m/s 2比较适合;将距离变率精度由1 um/s提高到0.1 um/s时,反演精度可获得相应提高;在观测值精度一定的情况下,联合反演算法宜采用5 s采样率。 相似文献
6.
通用劈窗算法的NOAA-18(N)AVHRR/3数据地表温度遥感反演与验证 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以NOAA-18(N)AVHRR/3数据,运用通用劈窗技术获得地表温度。首先,利用MODTRAN 4模拟不同地表和大气状况下热红外通道(Ch4,10.3~11.3μm和Ch5,11.5~12.5μm)的星上亮温,并建立模拟数据库。其次,按照地表温度、大气可降水汽含量、地表比辐射率和观测天顶角,对模拟数据库分组,确定出各分组的通用劈窗算法系数。然后,将构建的地表温度反演模型应用到NOAA-18(N)AVHRR/3数据,模型所需的地表比辐射率由NDVI阈值法确定,大气可降水汽含量是利用Li等(2003)提出的一种劈窗的协方差与方差比的方法来估算。反演结果表明:在观测天顶角小于30°或者大气可降水汽含量小于3.5 g/cm2时,地表温度反演的均方根误差小于1.0K;在观测天顶角小于45°并且大气可降水汽含量小于5.5g/cm2情况下,均方根误差小于1.5K。最后,利用美国通量站的实测数据对地表温度反演结果进行了验证,结果表明均方根误差小于1.8K。 相似文献
7.
全球开放DEM数据为数字地形分析提供了重要数据源。与已有的全球开放DEM数据相比,资源三号卫星具有更高的空间分辨率、更大的覆盖范围和更好的现势性。将资源三号卫星生成的DEM数据与全球开放DEM数据进行误差对比则为基于资源三号卫星的全球DEM数据研制提供科学依据。本文以山西省中部太原市为研究区,基于高精度激光点云数据生成DEM为参考数据,对资源三号卫星影像生成的DEM数据与全球典型的开放DEM数据(AW3D30、SRTM1和ASTER GDEM)的误差进行了对比分析,并获得了其在不同坡度等级下绝对误差与相对误差的平均值、平均绝对值、均方根值和标准偏差值。研究结果表明:①4种DEM数据的误差分布均具有较好的对称性。同时,平均误差接近于0 m,SRTM1和ASTER GDEM数据更是如此。因此均方根误差值与标准偏差值近似一致;②资源三号DEM具有最高的精度,误差最小(均方根误差4.6 m)。其次为AW3D30数据(均方根误差5.6 m)和SRTM1数据(均方根误差8.8 m)。ASTER GDEM数据误差最大(均方根误差12.6 m),精度最差;③资源三号DEM、SRTM1和ASTER GDEM数据的误差均随坡度的变大而增大,而AW3D30数据误差随着坡度增加呈现先减小后增大的趋势。总体上,与其他3种DEM数据相比,资源三号DEM在所有坡度范围均具有最小的误差值。 相似文献
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9.
基于水汽辐射计与GPS湿延迟的对比研究 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
利用事后精密星历和快速预报星历分别解算GPS对流层延迟，由Saastamoinen模型求得对流层干延迟，对流层湿延迟为对流层延迟与干延迟的差值。精密星历与快速预报星历的GPS湿延迟结果和水汽辐射计观测数据比较，得出精密星历湿延迟结果与水汽辐射计数据的差值的均方根为1．51cm；快速预报星历湿延迟与水汽辐射计数据的差值的均方根为1．52cm。 相似文献
10.
什邡50年气温变化特征及回归分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用什邡市1959—2008年逐日气温资料,采用一元线性回归及5年滑动平均,Mann．Kendall法（M-K）等方法,研究分析了什邡市50年来气温年际变化特征。结果显示：（1）气温以0．13℃／10a的趋势变暖,50年平均上升了0．6℃到0．7℃,其中四季存在显著差异,秋季变暖趋势最明显达0．21℃／10a,春季次之为0．13℃／10a,冬季为0．11℃／10a,夏季最不明显。（2）年平均气温在21世纪初期均有明显变暖突变。 相似文献
11.
湖南电网严重冰灾天气成因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究2005年初和2008年初2次造成湖南电网严重冰灾的低温雨雪冰冻天气过程的成因,利用NCEP1°×1°全球再分析资料、地面常规气象观测资料及环流特征指数资料对过程期间高中低三层的水平和垂直结构进行了诊断分析,并分析了两次冰冻天气过程中各项环流特征指数与气温的相关性,结果表明:副高强度持续偏强,中层有暖层存在,850hPa与700hPa有明显的逆温层,700hPa强劲的西南急流,850hPa南北温差锋区的建立和维持,异常强大的冷高压长时间控制是造成两次冰灾过程的主要原因;地面降水、相对湿度、日平均气温、日最低气温、风向风速均与电线覆冰直径有关,温度垂直结构、环流指数和地形也与冰冻有一定关系。 相似文献
12.
利用大容山自动观测站2004年8月～2006年7月气象观测资料和容县气象站1958～2006年7月测风资料,对大容山的风能资源各参数进行了详细计算和分析,并结合预选风电场的地形地貌、交通运输、联网条件、环境保护等状况对大容山风能资源开发利用进行了可行性分析评价.结果表明：大容山年平均风速为7.2m/s,年平均风功率密度为390.8W/m^2,其风能资源丰富,且交通运输、联网、工程地质等条件较好,可选择在坡度较小的山头或山腰建设风电场,预选风电场可布置750kW的风机45台,总装机容量约为34MW. 相似文献
13.
对地面测报中自动气象站和人工观测资料的对比研究分析,并探讨了两者差异的形成原因。利用2009~2010年怀化自动气象站和人工观测的20时气压、风向风速、温度、湿度、地温等资料数据,采用对比差值、一致率和风向相符率等方法进行统计对比分析,得到了以下结论:两种观测方式的观测数据虽然有一定差异,但是在允许的精度范围内,其中相对湿度、地面温度对比差值较大、一致率略偏低。结果分析证明:除仪器的性能和工作原理造成的差异外,观测环境的变化、人为操作和特殊的天气现象也是造成差异的重要原因。 相似文献
14.
The AMSR2 microwave radiometer is the main payload of the GCOM-W1 satellite,launched by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency in 2012. Based on the pre-launch information extraction algorithm,the AMSR2 enables remote monitoring of geophysical parameters such as sea surface temperature,wind speed,water vapor,and liquid cloud water content. However,rain alters the properties of atmospheric scattering and absorption,which contaminates the brightness temperatures measured by the microwave radiometer. Therefore,it is difficult to retrieve AMSR2-derived sea surface wind speeds under rainfall conditions. Based on microwave radiative transfer theory,and using AMSR2 L1 brightness temperature data obtained in August 2012 and NCEP reanalysis data,we studied the sensitivity of AMSR2 brightness temperatures to rain and wind speed,from which a channel combination of brightness temperature was established that is insensitive to rainfall,but sensitive to wind speed. Using brightness temperatures obtained with the proposed channel combination as input parameters,in conjunction with HRD wind field data,and adopting multiple linear regression and BP neural network methods,we established an algorithm for hurricane wind speed retrieval under rainfall conditions. The results showed that the standard deviation and relative error of retrievals,obtained using the multiple linear regression algorithm,were 3.1 m/s and 13%,respectively. However,the standard deviation and relative error of retrievals obtained using the BP neural network algorithm were better(2.1 m/s and 8%,respectively). Thus,the results of this paper preliminarily verified the feasibility of using microwave radiometers to extract sea surface wind speeds under rainfall conditions. 相似文献
15.
We compared data of sea surface wind from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim Reanalysis(ERA-Interim) with that collected from eight buoys deployed in the Yellow and East China seas.The buoy data covered a period from 2010 to 2011,during which the longest time series without missing data extended for 329 days.Results show that the ERA-Interim wind data agree well with the buoy data.The regression coefficients between the ERA-Interim and observed wind speed and direction are greater than 0.7 and 0.79,respectively.However,the ERA-Interim wind data overestimate wind speed at most of the buoy stations,for which the largest bias is 1.8 m/s.Moreover,it is found from scatter plots of wind direction that about 13%of the ERA-Interim wind data can be classified as bad for wind speeds below6 m/s.Overall,the ERA-Interim data forecast both the wind speed and direction well,although they are not very representative of our observations,especially those where the wind speed is below 6 m/s. 相似文献
16.
云顶高度是天气预报、天气监测的重要因子,准确的云顶高度对提高天气分析和数值预报的质量,具有重要的科学意义。立体几何法是公认云顶高度解算精度较高的方法,目前,普遍采用卫星-球心-投影云-真云的平面和球面三角几何关系,以及影像匹配技术解算云顶高度,由于采用了理想椭球体和重投影技术,以及对云移动考虑不足,因此误差较大。本文将数字摄影测量理论与遥感技术相结合,首次将摄影测量共线方程用于云顶高度解算。本文利用ASTER影像,依据相关系数法解求云迹风,并将其引入到摄影测量共线方程中,建立了ASTER影像的云顶高度解算模型,进行了未考虑和考虑风速的云顶高度解算,通过地面点计算,本文解算误差为2个像元（30 m）左右,经与MISR云顶高度产品对比分析,认为该模型解算的考虑风速的云顶高度精度优于MISR解算结果。 相似文献
17.
Satellite SST(sea surface temperature) from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System(AMSR-E) is compared with in situ temperature observations from Argo profiling floats over the global oceans to evaluate the advantages of Argo NST(near-surface temperature: water temperature less than 1 m from the surface). By comparing Argo nominal surface temperature(~5 m) with its NST, a diurnal cycle caused by daytime warming and nighttime cooling was found, along with a maximum warming of 0.08±0.36°C during 14:00–15:00 local time. Further comparisons between Argo 5-m temperature/Argo NST and AMSR-E SST retrievals related to wind speed, columnar water vapor, and columnar cloud water indicate warming biases at low wind speed(5 m/s) and columnar water vapor 28 mm during daytime. The warming tendency is more remarkable for AMSR-E SST/Argo 5-m temperature compared with AMSR-E SST/Argo NST, owing to the effect of diurnal warming. This effect of diurnal warming events should be excluded before validation for microwave SST retrievals. Both AMSR-E nighttime SST/Argo 5-m temperature and nighttime SST/Argo NST show generally good agreement, independent of wind speed and columnar water vapor. From our analysis, Argo NST data demonstrated their advantages for validation of satellite-retrieved SST. 相似文献
18.
The synoptic situation and mesoscale structure of an explosive extratropical cyclone over the Northwestern Pacific in March 2007 are investigated through weather station observations and data reanalysis. The cyclone is located beneath the poleward side of the exit of a 200 hPa jet, which is a strong divergent region aloft. At mid-level, the cyclone lies on the downstream side of a well-developed trough, where a strong ascending motion frequently occurs. Cross-section analyses with weather station data show that the cyclone has a warm and moist core. A ‘nose' of the cold front, which is characterized by a low-level protruding structure in the equivalent potential temperature field, forms when the cyclone moves offshore. This ‘nose' structure is hypothesized to have been caused by the heating effect of the Kuroshio Current. Two low-level jet streams are also identified on the western and eastern sides of the cold front. The western jet conveys cold and dry air at 800–900 hPa. The wind in the northern part is northeasterly, and the wind in the southern part is northwesterly. By contrast, the eastern jet carries warm and moist air into the cyclone system, ascending northward from 900 hPa to 600–700 hPa. The southern part is dominated by the southerly wind, and the wind in the northern part is southwesterly. The eastern and western jets significantly increase the air temperature and moisture contrast in the vicinity of the cold front. This increase could play an important role in improving the rapid cyclogenesis process. 相似文献
19.
A new algorithm for sea-surface wind-speed retrieval based on the L-band radiometer onboard Aquarius 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Aquarius is the second satellite mission to focus on the remote sensing of sea-surface salinity from space and it has mapped global sea-surface salinity for nearly 3 years since its launch in 2011. However,benefiting from the high atmospheric transparency and moderate sensitivity to wind speed of the L-band brightness temperature(TB),the Aquarius L-band radiometer can actually provide a new technique for the remote sensing of wind speed. In this article,the sea-surface wind speeds derived from TBs measured by Aquarius' L-band radiometer are presented,the algorithm for which is developed and validated using multisource wind speed data,including Wind Sat microwave radiometer and National Data Buoy Center buoy data,and the Hurricane Research Division of the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory wind field product. The error analysis indicates that the performance of retrieval algorithm is good. The RMSE of the Aquarius wind-speed algorithm is about 1 and 1.5 m/s for global oceans and areas of tropical hurricanes,respectively. Consequently,the applicability of using the Aquarius L-band radiometer as a near all-weather wind-speed measuring method is verified. 相似文献