共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 447 毫秒
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《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>矿物粉尘是大气颗粒物的重要组成部分,与心血管和呼吸系统空气污染疾病密切相关。PM2.5及更细的纳米颗粒物(NPs)已成为国际大气污染研究领域的热点和前沿。矿物粉尘导致病变的生化过程均发生在矿物表面或附近,而其中关键因素是矿物晶胞的界面,通过其界面特性、化学性质和成分、带电性、力学性和尺寸大小来对生物系统施加影响[1]。目前国内外对PM2.5以及更细的颗粒物如纳米物质的生物效应、颗粒物-生物体系界面作用特征等的研究较少。本文采用SEM、FTIR和ICP-AES等手段研究 相似文献
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《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>矿物细颗粒是大气颗粒物的重要组成成分,而人体长期暴露在大气环境中,矿物细颗粒和人体正常微生物个体在形态、共存关系和空气动力学行为上均有高关联度[1]。现今关于颗粒物损伤机理的研究是当前大气颗粒物生物效应研究的热点话题之一,而自由基所产生的氧化损伤是最为普遍接受的致毒机制[2]。目前国内外对载重金属大气矿物颗粒物的生物效应及损伤机理的研究较少。本研究以大气颗粒物中的主要矿物成分石英、方解石为实验材料,以大气颗粒物中的主要重金属Cd(II)为环境污染物,制备不 相似文献
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矿物细颗粒物和微生物个体都是大气颗粒物(PM)重要组成部分,它们在形态、共生关系和空气动力学行为上均有高关联度.本文对可吸入颗粒物(IP)和可吸入矿物细颗粒(IMG)的颗粒特性、自由基和生物活性、IP和IMG与微生物相互作用效果的研究现状做了阐述,指出大气颗粒物与微生物的相互作用的重要性.提出今后应重点研究可吸入矿物细颗粒物的环境化学与微生物作用行为,研究IMG-微生物体系近尺寸作用体系中的尺寸效应、界膜作用等对矿物颗粒物表面形态、表面电性、表面基团及自由基等的影响,分泌蛋白质与相变、元素变价、溶解(络合)的关系以及由此引起的颗粒物活性和生物毒性的变化等. 相似文献
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矿物纤维粉尘的表面特性及对生物活性的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过对矿物纤维粉尘对人体的危害性及对环境影响的研究，提出了一些矿物产生毒理作用过程的假说和因素判定；研究了矿物与生物体之间的相互作用时应重视矿物表面－细胞物理化学作用，并依据初步试验提出表面特征是矿物纤维表征生物活性的关键因子（如表面活性域、催化作用等），而纤维性只是矿物表面特性的表征因素之一。 相似文献
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工业矿物纤维粉尘的表面特性研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
本文在对比研究了７种工业矿物纤维表面官能团和表面行为的基础上讨论了矿物纤维粉尘对人体的危害性及对环境影响的毒理因素,强调矿物与生物体之间的相互作用要重视矿物表面／细胞物理化学作用,提出矿物纤维表面特征是表征其生物活性的关键因子,如表面活性域等,而纤维性只是矿物表面特性的表征因素之一。 相似文献
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环境矿物学：矿物学在环境科学研究中的应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
矿物学在环境科学中的应用将是21世纪矿物学研究的一个主要方面。 作者所在实验室曾做过的一些环境矿物学研究的实例有：核废料的处置,矿物表面性质的研究,对有毒金属的还原和固定作用的微生物效应,大气烟尘微粒的研究,矿物表面阳离子的本征吸附常数之理论计算,等等。矿物-水-微生物体系在分子级别上之相互作用的定量研究,对于理解低温地球化学和生物地球化学过程将是重要的。 相似文献
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我国北方部分地区大气粉尘的特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对北方部分地区大气粉尘进行的粒度、成分、物相和形貌特性分析表明,大气粉尘中微小颗粒集中分布在0．3μm～5μm内,小于2μm的超过85％,粉尘主要以Si,Al,Fe,ca等风砂和土壤的地壳元素,矿物相主要为石英,钠长石,方解石,绢云母。颗粒呈无规则形的团、块状,颗粒表面高低不平或有冲刷痕迹或有小孔。K,Na的含量较低,SiO2的含量很高。不同性质的粉尘在水溶液中其pH值变化趋势不尽相同,大气粉尘在水溶液里的电离受粉尘的成分、粒度和表面吸附的协同作用。 相似文献
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矿物纤维粉尘表面及体内外安全性评估研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本项目探讨了天然纤维材料的表面化学活性—生物活性—生物持久性、生物毒性—环境安全性,试图寻求工业矿物、环境医学、材料价值的联合评估。研究工作对生物大分子静电配合物和阳离子配合物形成,对带电粉尘及其出溶阳离子的行为、粉尘及其衍生物与体液、细胞膜、胞内物质作用方式与细胞代谢有重要意义;也为粉尘毒性的可改造性及工业矿物纤维的安全处理提供了有效的途径;对阐明氨基酸蛋白质膜功能与结构,以及含有外露蛋白质的其它机体单元的粉尘溶解、反应、配合与破坏;粉尘中的硅成分在体内的残留、溶解、运移方式、硅肺的治疗和… 相似文献
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动物体内青石棉纤维变化特征的显微研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
石棉纤维粉尘注入动物体内后，一部分形成石棉小体或石棉斑，一部分仍为裸露纤维。石棉小体内的纤维表面基团和组织内的某些蛋白反应可形成新的表面介体。粉尘在动物体内引起的动物病变主要是纤维化组织包裹和间皮瘤，机体以吞噬、包裹、缠绕，或以生化溶解方式排解粉尘。纤维自身则出现变短、尖部圆化、折断、分叉现象，也可以出现溶解、迁移、表面化学反应等。肺泡内纤维的碳酸盐化现象是体内纤维溶解和反应的新方式。动物体内间皮瘤可生长在注入部位也可在非注入部位，某种毒性衍生物质的生成和迁移是引起病变的主要原因。体内纤维粉尘的溶解是一个非常缓慢的过程，细小粉尘易于溶解和迁移。体内粉尘的膜阻滞现象在腹膜、胸膜上较为常见，在膜部位不易生成间皮瘤，肿瘤多引发在膜的内侧。但膜可以弱纤维化包裹。 相似文献
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Mary K. Butwin Melissa A. Pfeffer Sibylle von Löwis Eivind W. N. Støren Eniko Bali Throstur Thorsteinsson 《Sedimentology》2020,67(6):3067-3087
The volcanic origin, primarily basaltic, of most of the surface material in Iceland influences its physical properties and appearance. Size distributions, shape analyses and melting experiments were made for surface material collected in high-erosion dust source areas and fresh volcanic ash deposits to determine whether they differ from one another and from dust from other major dust sources. The major differences found between Icelandic dust and dust from other major dust sources in the world, such as the Sahara, are in the particle shapes, lower density and darker colour. Icelandic dust particles greater than 20 μm retain volcanic morphological properties that are also found in fresh volcanic ash. Dust and fresh volcanic ash particles less than 20 μm are crystalline and blocky in nature, similar to the dust from other global source regions. The finer grained (<20 μm) Icelandic particles will have similar suspension and transport behaviours and be similarly hazardous to health and infrastructure as non-Icelandic dust. The coarser particles (>20 μm) will have different suspension and transport behaviours than other dusts due to the volcanic morphology. Icelandic surface material has between 5% and 30% glassy particles compared to fresh volcanic ash which has more than 50% glassy particles. Glassy particles were observed to melt at a lower temperature than the mineral grains; and, as a result, volcanic ash is found to be more threatening to aircraft engines than the typical dust from Iceland. Icelandic dust was observed to be blocky, or plate-like in the respirable size fraction, suggesting similar health hazards as dust from other regions. 相似文献
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DONG Faqin DENG Jianjun WU Fengchun PU Xiaoyong John HUANG FENG Qiming HE Xiaochun 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(4):589-596
In order to study the damage mechanism of mineral dusts on the pulmonary alveolar macrophage （AM）, the changes in their death ratio, malandialdthyde （MDA） content and activities of lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） were measured, and the technique of cell culture in vitro was used to investigate the cytotoxicity of six mineral dusts （twelve crystal habits） from twelve mineral deposits. The results show that woUastonite and clinoptilolite have no AM cytotoxicity, while other fibrous and grainy mineral dusts damage pulmonary AM in various degrees. The cytotoxicity of fibrous mineral dusts was greater than that of the grainy ones, and the cytotoxicity of dusts was positively correlated with the active OH- content in dusts, but not necessarily so with its SiO2 content. The high pH values produced by dust was unfavorable for the survival of cells and the dusts with low bio-resistance were safe for cells. The content of variable valence elements in dusts might influence their cytotoxicity and the surface charge of dusts was not a stable factor for their toxicity. It is demonstrated that the shape of mineral dusts was one of the factors affecting cytotoxicity, and that the cytotoxicity of mineral dusts depends mainly on their properties. 相似文献
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《矿物学报》2013,(Z1)
This article describes the characteristics of natural dusts, artificial dusts and industrial dusts, such as mineral phases, chemical components, morphological observation and size. Quartz and calcite are the main phases of natural dusts and industrial dusts with high SiO2, CaO and low K2O, Na2O on the chemical composition. Natural dusts are mainly irregular shaped and some particle aggregation made of small dusts on the surface of large dust. Industrial dusts are globular and blob-like, but artificial dusts are columnar and fibrous. The fine particles are mainly in the range of 0.3-5 μm,of which the dusts of less than 5 μm are over 99%.The dissolution and electrochemical action of dusts in glutamic acid liquor at the simulated human body temperature (37 ℃) in 32 hours were investigated. The changes of pH values and electric conductivity of those dusts were similar, increased slowly in first 8 hours, and then the pH values increased rapidly. The total amount of dissolved ions of K, Ca, Na, Mg was 35.4-429 mg/L, particularly Ca was maximal of 20-334 mg/L. The total amount of dissolved ions of Fe, Zn, Mn, Pb, Ba was 0.18-5.59 ppm and the Al, Si was 3.0-21.7 mg/L. Each element dissolved rapidly relatively in first 16 hours. The relative solubility order of dusts in glutamic acid are: wollastonite > serpentine > sepiolite, the cement plant industrial dusts > power plant industrial dusts, and natural dusts have similar solubility. The wollastonite and power plant industrial dusts have highest solubility, which have high content of CaO; this shows there are a poorer corrosion-resisting ability and lower bio-resistibility. Sepiolite and cement plant industrial dusts have lowest solubility, which have high content of SiO2; this shows there are a higher corrosion-resisting ability and stronger bio-resistibility. 相似文献