共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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本文综述了水汽来源状况、降水季节变化、火山喷发、太阳活动等气候环境因素对极地冰雪中同位素含量的可能影响及其程度 ,以及降水区域不均衡性、降水年际不均衡性、逆温层和同位素在冰雪中的扩散迁移作用等几种不稳定因素可能对冰雪同位素分析造成的干扰 ;在此基础上 ,综述了极地冰雪中δ1 8O、δD和其差值d(d =δD - 8δ1 8O)与局部或全球气温之间的一些线性关系 (包括全球尺度 ,格陵兰地区 ,南极地区等 )及它们在空间分布上的变化规律 相似文献
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S. A. Miller 《Geophysical Journal International》2008,173(1):334-338
Recently reported rain-triggered seismicity from three separate storms occurred exclusively in karst geology. In this paper, I discuss how the hydrogeology of karst controls rain-triggered seismicity by channeling of the watershed after intense rainfall directly into the karst network. Such channeling results in very large increases in hydraulic head, and more importantly, substantially increases the vertical stress acting on the underlying pore-elastic media. Rapid loading upon a pore-elastic media induces seismicity by increasing pore pressure at depth in a manner similar to that observed from reservoir impounding. Using a simple 1-D model of a pore-elastic medium, it is shown that the instantaneous fluid pressure increase at depth is a substantial fraction of the pressure step applied at the boundary, followed by time-dependent pore pressure increases associated with the typical linear diffusion problem. These results have implications for the change in fluid pressure necessary to trigger earthquakes, and leads to the following hypothesis to be tested: Unambiguous rain-triggered seismicity will only occur in karst regions. 相似文献
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为了给林业血防工程提供技术支持,并为工程建设树立样板,在湖北省黄冈市黄州区长江外滩建设了长江中游江滩地抑螺防病林试验示范区,建设内容包括抑螺防病林造林技术与优化模式建设示范工程、抑螺防病林植物材料收集保存与选育示范工程、抑螺防病林工程技术示范工程和抑螺防病效益监测工程。试验示范区边建设、边示范、边创新、边推广,达到了预期目的,已成为我国林业血防长期的科学试验基地、宣传教育基地、技术推广基地和定位观测研究基地,充分发挥了其示范作用,促进了血防综合治理,取得了显著的社会、经济和生态效益。 相似文献
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中国城市科教职能等级划分及空间分布研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
运用层次分析法和多指标加权求和方法得出中国城市科教职能综合评价指数，并用纳尔逊统计方法分析的结果作为科教职能等级划分的依据，把中国科教职能城市分为四个大级、六个亚级，据此分析得出中国科教中心城市的空间分布特征，无论从数量上还是从职能强度上都呈现出由东向西递减的趋势，且明显地偏集于环渤海区和华东区，针对其中存在的问题，提出了今后的发展对策；加快中西部地带科技和教育的发展，地方政府对中小型科教中心城市应给予政策倾斜和投入支持，以逐步缩小东西部的差距。 相似文献
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湘澳合作是在CEPA及泛珠三角"9+2"框架下的区域合作,其在招商引资、会展、旅游、消费维权等合作方面取得了一些进展,但合作的广度和深度还不够,湖南没有充分利用好澳门的"平台"作用,自身的特色和优势没有得到充分体现.长株潭城市群被批准为两型社会试验区为湘澳合作提供了新的机遇,全球性的金融危机也为湘澳合作带来了新的挑战.通过对湘澳区域关系和合作机制的反思,认为湘澳合作应由政府推动的合作机制转变为市场引导和政府推动结合的新机制,并充分发挥民间组织的作用,以推动湘澳合作取得更大的进展. 相似文献
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We perform analytical and numerical studies of scaling relations of earthquakes and partition of elastic strain energy between seismic and aseismic components using a thermodynamically based continuum damage model. Brittle instabilities occur in the model at critical damage level associated with loss of convexity of the strain energy function. A new procedure is developed for calculating stress drop and plastic strain in regions sustaining brittle instabilities. The formulation connects the damage rheology parameters with dynamic friction of simpler frameworks, and the plastic strain accumulation is governed by a procedure that is equivalent to Drucker–Prager plasticity. The numerical simulations use variable boundary forces proportional to the slip-deficit between the assumed far field plate motion and displacement of the boundary nodes. These boundary conditions account for the evolution of elastic properties and plastic strain in the model region. 3-D simulations of earthquakes in a model with a large strike-slip fault produce scaling relations between the scalar seismic potency, rupture area, and stress drop values that are in good agreement with observations and other theoretical studies. The area and potency of the simulated earthquakes generally follow a linear log–log relation with a slope of 2/3, and are associated with stress drop values between 1 and 10 MPa. A parameter-space study shows that the area-potency scaling is shifted to higher stress drops in simulations with parameters corresponding to lower dynamic friction, more efficient healing, and higher degree of seismic coupling. 相似文献
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Mostafa E. Mostafa 《Geophysical Journal International》2008,172(3):887-902
In this paper, we present the finite cube elements method (FCEM); a novel numerical tool for calculating the gravity anomaly g and structural index SI of solid models with defined boundaries and variable density distributions, tilted or in normal position (e.g. blocks, faulted blocks, cylinders, spheres, hemispheres, triaxial ellipsoids). Extending the calculation to fractal objects, such as Menger sponges of different orders and bodies defined by polyhedrons, demonstrates the robustness of FCEM. In addition, approximating the cube element by a sphere of equal volume makes the calculation of gravitation and related derivatives much simpler. In gravity modelling of a sphere, cubes with edges of 100 m and 200 m achieve a good compromise between running time and overall error.
Displaying the distribution of SI of the studied models on contour maps and profiles will have a strong impact on the forward and inverse modelling of potential field data, especially for Euler deconvolution.
For Menger sponges, plots of gravity elements g and its derivatives show similar patterns independent of fractal order. Moreover, both the pattern and magnitude of SI are independent of fractal order, allowing the use of SI as a new invariant measure for fractal objects. However, SI pattern and magnitude strongly depend on the depth to the buried bodies as do other elements
In this study, we also present a new type of plot; the structural index against distance variation diagrams from which we extract the three critical SI ( CSI ) values, one per axis. The inversion of gravity anomaly data at CSI values gives the optimal mean location of the buried body. 相似文献
Displaying the distribution of SI of the studied models on contour maps and profiles will have a strong impact on the forward and inverse modelling of potential field data, especially for Euler deconvolution.
For Menger sponges, plots of gravity elements g and its derivatives show similar patterns independent of fractal order. Moreover, both the pattern and magnitude of SI are independent of fractal order, allowing the use of SI as a new invariant measure for fractal objects. However, SI pattern and magnitude strongly depend on the depth to the buried bodies as do other elements
In this study, we also present a new type of plot; the structural index against distance variation diagrams from which we extract the three critical SI ( CSI ) values, one per axis. The inversion of gravity anomaly data at CSI values gives the optimal mean location of the buried body. 相似文献
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商品购销地域分布研究方法初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对商品购销基地的确定,它们在地域分布上的集中程度以及影响这种分布的主要因素等提出了相应的研究方法。并提出了各地区商品供求状况的衡量指标、以及确定商品调出,调入区、商品合理流向的方法。 相似文献
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霜雪灾害对山西影响范围广、危害大, 通过对山西1901～2000年历史文献和现代气象 资料的搜集、整理和分析, 对该地区霜雪灾害的等级、阶段、周期及其成因进行研究, 旨在 探寻山西霜雪灾害发生的规律, 为该地区此类灾害的预测和防治提供科学依据。研究表明, 100年间轻度灾害占15.7%、中度占62.1%、重度占22.2%;灾害变化分为四个阶段, 1901 ～1948年为第一阶段, 1949～1964年为第二阶段, 1965～1974年为第三阶段, 1975～2000 年为第四阶段, 第一、三阶段以轻、中度灾害为主, 第二、四阶段以中、重度霜雪灾害为主; 小波分析表明, 灾害主要表现为2～3a、5～8a和25～35a的周期;山西的霜雪灾害可分为四 种成因类型;100年中发生了四次寒冷气候事件, 出现三个异常寒冷灾害年。 相似文献
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杨慎(1488—1568)是一位博学多才的文学家、史学家和诗人。他对祖国的文化事业作出了重要贡献。本文从他提出水、汽循环概念;提倡实地考察去观察自然现象,系统考证祖国名山的特征与名称;系统比较研究祖国各地的许多温泉特征以及进行了古今物候对比,云南一年十二个月的物候特征等。从而评价他对我国地理学的发展也作出了重要贡献。 相似文献
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冻融作用与土壤理化效应的关系研究 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
冻融使土壤经历一系列物理、化学和生物变化过程,冻融作用对土壤的影响主要表现为:改变土壤结构、含水量分布和水热运动,影响微生物活性和以微生物为媒介的有机质矿化作用,改变土壤元素的生物地球化学循环过程,从而对土壤生态系统结构和功能产生影响。冻融作用对土壤理化性质的作用主要受冻融速率、温度、冻融交替次数和土壤含水量、pH值、有机质、土壤质地状况等因素的影响。通过冻融作用改善土壤结构,提高土壤微生物活性和养分的有效性,有利于耕作和促进植物生长,但也可通过含水量的重新分布和径流淋失而导致土壤养分损失。 相似文献
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TVA与澜沧江流域的综合开发与管理研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
本文首先概述了田纳西流域基本情况及其开发与管理机构（ＴＶＡ）的成立背景、发展历史和成就；分析了澜沧江流域与ＴＶＡ对比研究的基础，借鉴ＴＶＡ的经验，提出澜沧江流域综合开发与管理的思路、重要领域、矛盾协调等问题。 相似文献
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We investigated time dependent piezomagnetic fields due to volcanic sources embedded in a viscoelastic, homogeneous half-space. Especially in volcanic areas, the presence of inhomogeneous materials and high temperatures produce a lower effective viscosity of the Earth's crust that calls for considering anelastic properties of the medium. Piezomagnetic properties are carried by grains of titano-magnetite, which occupy only a small fraction of ordinary rock volume and are supposed to be elastic, while the non-magnetic surrounding matrix is assumed to be viscoelastic. From all the possible rheological models, we investigated two cases in which the bulk modulus is purely elastic and the shear modulus relaxes as: (i) a Maxwell solid and (ii) a standard linear solid (SLS). We applied the Correspondence Principle to the analytical elastic solutions for pressurized spherical sources and dislocation sources in order to determine the time dependent piezomagnetic fields in a viscoelastic medium. The piezomagnetic field completely vanishes after the relaxation process for a Maxwell rheology, whereas it is found to decrease over time and reach some finite offset value for a SLS rheology. These different behaviours provide helpful hints in understanding the temporal evolution of piezomagnetic anomalies in volcanic regions. 相似文献
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滇西和黔中表土中7Be与137Cs分布特征对比研究 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：15
滇西和黔中28个表土剖面分层土样^7Be、^137Cs比活度对比分析可见：滇西地区表土层顶部^7Be/^137Cs为100－1000，而黔中地区仅10－100；两地区表土层中^7Be的表观比活度和最大渗透深度总体相近；^137Cs在黔中表土层中的比活度总体较滇西地区略高。而黔中表土中^7Be累计值的偏低现象，映射了该地区强烈的水土流失。为解释滇西和黔中地区之间表土层顶部^7Be/^137Cs的地区差异，需进一步讨论两核素的湖泊沉积物蓄积特征。 相似文献
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论述了我国中西部山区扶贫开发取得的成就和面临的问题,提出了增强扶贫开发的十项政策措施:搞好宏观调控,转变思想观念,实行优惠政策,加强基础设施建设,采取倾斜政策,开展横向联系,加快发展乡镇企业,搞好智力开发,强化社会化服务体系建设,积极开展扶贫济困活动。 相似文献
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广东省PRED系统分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过数学计算,分析广东省1980年以来PRED各子系统及总系统的发展状况和趋势,对各子系统之间的相关性进行研究,提出协调广东省PRED系统的方法和措施,达到广东省PRED系统的可持续发展。 相似文献