共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
为快速跟踪及定位远距离的运动车辆,本文设计了利用单目相机与激光望远测距仪的定位系统。此定位系统装备单目相机、望远测距仪与角度传感器,采用LK光流算法实时跟踪既定目标,构建了相机、测距仪、目标的坐标方程式模型,可实时解算100~300 m外运动目标的位置。该定位系统无需在被测运动车辆上安装任何设施,即可对合作或非合作目标实现跟踪定位。本文以汽车作为运动目标,使用高精度的CORS系统进行精度验证,该系统实时跟踪定位的精度可保持在亚米级。 相似文献
2.
星载激光测高仪安装误差、激光指向和激光测距误差等导致最终激光测高精度不高,对激光器进行在轨几何检校可以有效提升激光测高精度。针对资源三号02星（ZY3-02）激光测高仪的工作模式,以裸露地表的航天飞机雷达地形测绘任务（shuttle radar topography mission,SRTM）数字高程模型（digital elevation model,DEM）数据约束同轨激光测距值,通过逼近地形起伏趋势线实现了卫星激光器出射方向的初始检校,实验证明不同轨激光指向的相对检校精度在20 m以内。利用地面铺设激光靶标的方法对星载激光测高系统进行几何精检校,并通过外业测量验证了ZY3-02激光器在平坦区域的测高精度优于0.5 m。 相似文献
3.
针对大范围的摄影测量,传统量测相机标定精度有限,本文提出一种高精度、大尺度的三维标定场建立方法。该方法采用稳定性良好的天然大理石作为基础结构,并设计通视良好的角形基准座,采用微米级多路激光测距手段获取点位距离,进而基于测边网平差模型直接建立高精度三维标定场。通过模拟多组近似坐标和距离观测值对该算法进行验证。结果表明,该标定场近似坐标的模拟误差不能超过3 mm,单位权中误差与距离观测值模拟误差相当,距离反算值与理论值偏差的标准差是距离观测值模拟误差的一半,验证了测边网计算模型及程序的正确性。该标定场既可为量测相机提供大尺度标定,也可对激光跟踪仪的测量性能进行不定期检核。 相似文献
4.
A comparison of dense matching algorithms for scaled surface reconstruction using stereo camera rigs
Photogrammetric methods for dense 3D surface reconstruction are increasingly available to both professional and amateur users who have requirements that span a wide variety of applications. One of the key concerns in choosing an appropriate method is to understand the achievable accuracy and how choices made within the workflow can alter that outcome. In this paper we consider accuracy in two components: the ability to generate a correctly scaled 3D model; and the ability to automatically deliver a high quality data set that provides good agreement to a reference surface. The determination of scale information is particularly important, since a network of images usually only provides angle measurements and thus leads to unscaled geometry. A solution is the introduction of known distances in object space, such as base lines between camera stations or distances between control points. In order to avoid using known object distances, the method presented in this paper exploits a calibrated stereo camera utilizing the calibrated base line information from the camera pair as an observational based geometric constraint. The method provides distance information throughout the object volume by orbiting the object.In order to test the performance of this approach, four topical surface matching methods have been investigated to determine their ability to produce accurate, dense point clouds. The methods include two versions of Semi-Global Matching as well as MicMac and Patch-based Multi-View Stereo (PMVS). These methods are implemented on a set of stereo images captured from four carefully selected objects by using (1) an off-the-shelf low cost 3D camera and (2) a pair of Nikon D700 DSLR cameras rigidly mounted in close proximity to each other. Inter-comparisons demonstrate the subtle differences between each of these permutations. The point clouds are also compared to a dataset obtained with a Nikon MMD laser scanner. Finally, the established process of achieving accurate point clouds from images and known object space distances are compared with the presented strategies.Results from the matching demonstrate that if a good imaging network is provided, using a stereo camera and bundle adjustment with geometric constraints can effectively resolve the scale. Among the strategies for dense 3D reconstruction, using the presented method for solving the scale problem and PMVS on the images captured with two DSLR cameras resulted in a dense point cloud as accurate as the Nikon laser scanner dataset. 相似文献
5.
Jim H. Chandler Koji Shiono Ponnambalam Rameshwaren & Stuart N. Lane 《The Photogrammetric Record》2001,17(97):39-61
A critical problem in hydraulics research is accurate measurement of fluvially worked sediments, both in the field and in scaled representations of field situations in laboratory flumes. Such measurement must provide information on individual grain characteristics, and their organisation into structures referred to as bedforms. Existing measurement approaches are based upon mechanical or laser profiling devices, which are both expensive and take considerable time to acquire data, particularly where information is required at very high densities. This paper demonstrates how conventional automated terrain model extraction software, combined with image acquisition using a Kodak DCS460 digital camera, has been effective in generating digital elevation models of complex bed morphology. This has reduced time spent collecting data in the flume and has allowed data collection at much higher spatial and temporal densities. Application of the method is illustrated by research carried out at Hydraulics Research Wallingford. Issues discussed include configuration of photographs and control coordinates; appropriate camera calibration methods; stability of inner orientation of the Kodak DCS460; and accuracies obtained. Comparisons with independent check data reveal that accuracies of ±2.5mm have been achieved using a camera-to-object distance of 4.2 m. 相似文献
6.
车载移动测图系统外方位元素标定方法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
全景相机因其360°大视场、旋转不变性等优点,逐渐被用于构建车载移动测图系统。标定是保证系统获取精确地理信息数据的重要前提。本文针对全景相机和定位定姿系统(POS)集成的车载移动测图系统,提出一种外方位元素标定的方法。首先,在实际场景中布设高精度已知控制点。其次,构建全景球面模型,将全景影像通过球面投影反变换投影到该球面上,从球面上选择控制点而不是直接从存在扭曲的全景影像上选择控制点并得到其球面坐标。在建立点的相关性之后,结合地理参考绝对定位方程和坐标变换,求得全景相机相对POS的平移与旋转参数。最后,采用本文提出的标定方法,分别选择北京航天城和天津滨海新区进行试验。试验表明,GPS信号良好时,点的绝对定位中误差可达平面10.3cm、高程16.5cm;GPS信号不好时,点的绝对定位中误差为平面35.4cm、高程54.8cm;在较短距离范围内(3km),距离量测相对误差最大为5cm左右,GPS信号对相对量测没有明显影响。 相似文献
7.
CE-1立体相机与激光高度计数据联合平差 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
CE-1三线阵立体相机和激光高度计主要用于获取月球形貌信息.CE-1沿轨运动过程中,可同时获取高分辨率的三线阵扫描影像和高精度的激光测高数据.在分析立体影像与激光高度计数据不一致性的基础上,为提高定位精度,将激光测距数据引入三线阵立体影像光束法平差处理.本文提出一种改进的外定向参数模型,采用3阶Lagrange多项式模型(LPM)建立外定向线元素内插模型,采用四元数球面线性内插建立外定向角元素模型,并根据改进模型建立激光高度计数据与影像数据的联合平差数学模型.试验表明,本文立体相机和激光高度计数据联合平差模型是有效的. 相似文献
8.
9.
Rajendra Singh D P Chapman K B Atkinson 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》1997,25(1):47-59
Automatic close range photogrammetric measurements are of immense importance for a hazardous industry like mining. Unfortunately, available stereomatching techniques fail for high resolution close range images due to the large variation of object depth. In this paper a diffraction grating based laser dot-matrix projector along with a CCD camera is used for automatic close range measurement of a textureless and featureless object like massive sand stone strata. Targeting of object’s surface with large number of laser dots simultaneously solved two major problems: identification of conjugate points and precise image co-ordinate measurement. Least squares based template matching is used for centroid location of images of laser dots which provided 0.03 (mean) pixels accuracy. Using analytical techniques, camera model of the projector was developed by placing it rigidly on the teleseope of a geodimeter Bundle adjustment procedure is adopted for accurate estimation of interior orientation parameters of the projector which resulted precise co-ordinates of the object space during a test scan by the developed system. 相似文献
10.
相机内参数的标定受标定环境、标定物规格、标定相片数量等诸多难以进行理论分析的因素影响,导致在实际工程应用中,相机内参数标定的评估存在精度不确定性问题。基于数学统计量设计了相机内参数标定精度评估指标,针对标定相片数量和标定物距对相机标定精度的影响进行研究,并对两种典型相机——工业相机和数码相机,进行内参数标定实测试验及分析。结果表明,当标定参数值达到收敛时,相片收敛数量与标定物距成正比关系;与像主点标定相比,焦距的标定收敛效率更高,达到收敛所需的相片数量更少,但随着标定物距增大,两者的差异逐渐缩小。内参数标定精度的评估指标为相机内标定算法的改进及操作流程提供评估手段,为实际标定工作提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
11.
The prediction of tropical forest attributes using airborne laser scanning (ALS) is becoming attractive as an alternative to traditional field measurements. Area-based ALS inventories require a set of representative field plots from the study area, which may be difficult to obtain in tropical forests with limited accessibility. This study investigates the effect of sample-plot selection in Nepal, based on two accessibility factors: distance to road and degree of slope. The sparse Bayesian method was employed in the model to estimate above-ground biomass (AGB) with an independent validation dataset for model validation. Study findings showed that the sample plot distance and slope had a considerable effect on the accuracy of the AGB estimation, because the forest structure varied according to the level of accessibility. Thus, the field sample plots that are used in model construction should cover the full range of sample plot distances and slopes occurring within the area. 相似文献
12.
非量测数码相机单像空间后方交会的辅助分步像主距与像主点的简单测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来,非量测的中、高端普通数码相机越来越多的应用到航空、近景等摄影测量领域[3]。影响摄影测量成果精度的重要因素之一是相机的技术参数,因此相机技术参数的检校是保证成果质量能否满足精度要求的关键问题之一。本文着重讲述了在以单像空间后方交会为基础的相机检校中,受制于实践环境,当控制场各控制点的几何分布通常被布置离一个平面不大的范围内,则会使未知数的解极不稳定,甚至有不定解得可能。为防止出现错解以及不定解,先通过试验场检校给出像主距f和像主点(x0,y0)初始值,从而避免上述情况发生,文中给出了方法、原理及实践数据、结果。 相似文献
13.
面阵相机和线激光扫描仪的组合在移动测量、自动驾驶、机器人等领域中得到了广泛应用。影像纹理和激光深度数据融合的首要问题是两种传感器的外参标定。对此,提出了一种融合多种约束条件的相机和线激光外参标定算法。该算法建立激光扫描线与V型棋盘平面间的点-面、线-面、点-线等多种约束求解和优化激光与相机间的外参,减少了激光点和像点噪声对结果的影响。实验结果表明,该算法相较于之前的算法有更高的精度和鲁棒性。并通过计算激光交点到V型棋盘面交线的距离,提出了定量评价激光与相机外参精度的标准。 相似文献
14.
提出了基于大比例尺航空影像共面约束的相机自检校方法,该方法使用所有立体像对同名点基于共面约束对相机的内方位元素及畸变系数进行解算。首先进行航空影像同名点匹配,构建立体像对;然后基于共面约束使用直接解法和迭代优化进行相对定向,解算相机位置与姿态;最后使用最小二乘优化方法解算相机内方位元素和畸变系数。对于高分辨率大尺寸航空影像,图像中心及边缘的畸变差异较大,为了进一步提高解算精度,对图像进行网格区域划分解算畸变。使用大比例尺航空影像进行解算能真实精确反映航空摄影测量时所获取图像的相机参数和畸变系数,避免检校环境与使用环境不同解算得到的相机畸变参数不能真实反映所获取影像的畸变问题;使用所有同名点解算,避免由于选择不同特征点或控制点对检校精度的影响;通过区域网格划分,进一步提高了解算精度。对检校结果进行了分析,该方法精度较高,与基于室外检校场的精度相当,能真实精确反映航空摄影测量时所获取图像的相机参数和畸变系数,提高了三维重建的精度。 相似文献
15.
大气退化图像的处理研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大气退化图像最主要的特征是退化造成的影响和景物与相机的之间的距离相关。针对这种相关性,并结合大气退化图像的特点,提出了一种有效的处理方法,该方法对大气退化图像的处理不需要任何辅助信息。实验表明,该方法具有较好的处理效果。 相似文献
16.
提出了一种基于人体部位特征重要性的行人再识别算法,该算法首先提取人体各部位的颜色、纹理以及形状等特征,然后对多个行人样本的每个部位分别进行聚类分析,使用误差积累的方法为每个分类计算一种更适合该分类的部位特征重要性权值向量,使得不同类型特征能更有效地应用在其适合的外观上。在公共数据集VIPeR上进行了实验,通过积累匹配特性（cumulative matching characteristic,CMC）曲线对实验结果进行评价,结果表明,该算法具有较高的再识别率,且对行人视角转换、光照变化、环境嘈杂和物体遮挡有较好的鲁棒性。 相似文献
17.
Since the Selective Availability was turned off, the velocity and acceleration can be determined accurately with a single GPS receiver using raw Doppler measurements. The carrier-phase-derived Doppler measurements are normally used to determine velocity and acceleration when there is no direct output of the raw Doppler observations in GPS receivers. Due to GPS receiver clock drifts, however, a GPS receiver clock jump occurs when the GPS receiver clock resets itself (typically with 1 ms increment/decrement) to synchronize with the GPS time. The clock jump affects the corresponding relationship between measurements and their time tags, which results in non-equidistant measurement sampling in time or incorrect time tags. This in turn affects velocity and acceleration determined for a GPS receiver by the conventional method which needs equidistant carrier phases to construct the derived Doppler measurements. To overcome this problem, an improved method that takes into account, GPS receiver clock jumps are devised to generate non-equidistant-derived Doppler observations based on non-equidistant carrier phases. Test results for static and kinematic receivers, which are obtained by using the conventional method without reconstructing the equidistant continuous carrier phases, show that receiver velocity and acceleration suffered significantly from clock jumps. An airborne kinematic experiment shows that the greatest impact on velocity and acceleration reaches up to 0.2 m/s, 0.1 m/s2 for the horizontal component and 0.5 m/s, 0.25 m/s2 for the vertical component. Therefore, it can be demonstrated that velocity and acceleration measurements by using a standalone GPS receiver can be immune to the influence of GPS receiver clock jumps with the proposed method. 相似文献
18.
Hanjiang Xiong Wei Ma Jianya Gong Douadi Abdelalim 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2019,12(5):525-543
Realistic texture mapping and coherent up-to-date rendering is one of the most important issues in indoor 3-D modelling. However, existing texturing approaches are usually performed manually during the modelling process, and cannot accommodate changes in indoor environments occurring after the model was created, resulting in out-dated and misleading texture rendering. In this study, a structured learning-based texture mapping method is proposed for automatic mapping a single still photo from a mobile phone onto an already-constructed indoor 3-D model. The up-to-date texture is captured using a smart phone, and the indoor structural layout is extracted by incorporating per-pixel segmentation in the FCN algorithm and the line constraints into a structured learning algorithm. This enables real-time texture mapping according to parts of the model, based on the structural layout. Furthermore, the rough camera pose is estimated by pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) and map information to determine where to map the texture. The experimental results presented in this paper demonstrate that our approach can achieve accurate fusion of 3-D triangular meshes with 2-D single images, achieving low-cost and automatic indoor texture updating. Based on this fusion approach, users can have a better experience in virtual indoor3-D applications. 相似文献
19.
无人机激光扫描系统受制于激光扫描仪、惯性测量单元（inertial measurement unit,IMU）等传感器的重量、成本以及无人机平台有效载荷、续航能力等因素的制约,不得不在保证数据质量的前提下在上述制约因素间取得平衡。高精度IMU的昂贵价格极大地限制了无人机激光扫描系统的易用性,因此轻小型低成本无人机激光扫描系统成为学术界和工业界共同关注的热点。重点阐述了小型低成本无人机激光扫描系统的两个关键点,即视觉-低成本IMU耦合的高精度定姿方法和IMU-激光扫描仪-相机的自标定方法;并阐述了基于大疆无人机飞行平台的激光扫描系统——珞珈麒麟云的研制和性能。实践表明,该激光扫描系统有高度的稳定性和可靠性,在无地面控制的情况下获取点云的精度在20 cm以内,在灾害应急、智慧城市等领域具有广泛的应用价值。 相似文献
20.
嫦娥三号探测器系统两器分离是着陆后进行的第一个关键动作,也是后续着陆器探测和巡视器月面巡视勘察的基础,解决两器安全分离问题对于整个工程的实施具有重要意义。针对实际任务中对分离决策实时性和可靠性要求高的特点,使用基于着陆器监视相机的单像量测方法对月面环境中障碍物和通信遮挡包络进行分析计算,评估两器分离过程中的不安全因素,为两器分离决策提供支持。介绍了监视相机单像量测和通信遮挡包络计算方法,并对量测精度进行了分析验证。 相似文献