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1.
The growing use of underground structures, specifically to facilitate urban transportation, highlights the need to scrutinize the effects of such spaces on the seismic ground response as well as the surrounding buildings. In this regard, the seismic ground amplification variations in the vicinity of single and twin box-shaped tunnels subjected to SV waves have been investigated by the finite difference method. To evaluate the effects, generalizable dimensionless diagrams based on the results of parametric numerical analysis considering factors such as variations in the tunnels’ depth, the distances between the tunnels, tunnel lining flexibility, and input wave frequency, have been presented. In addition, to assess the effects of underground box-shaped tunnels on the response spectrum of the ground surface, seven selected accelerograms have been matched based on a specific design spectrum for the stiff soil condition of Eurocode 8 (CEN, 2006). The results underline the significant amplification effect of the box-shaped tunnels on the ground motions, specifically in the case of horizontal twin tunnels, which should be given more attention in current seismic design practices for surface structures.
相似文献2.
隧道可液化土层围岩对地震动作用非常敏感,可液化土层动孔压的产生和发展使得地下结构受到上浮作用,从而影响地下结构的稳定性.通过对可液化土层中隧道动力响应计算,研究了不同静应力场隧道围岩动孔压场分布、围岩液化区域分布以及衬砌结构仰拱底与拱顶的动孔压差变化.研究结果表明,不同静应力场对围岩可液化土的动孔压分布、液化区域分布及... 相似文献
3.
Seismic analysis of deep tunnels in near fault conditions: a case study in Southern Italy 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mirko Corigliano Laura Scandella Carlo G. Lai Roberto Paolucci 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2011,9(4):975-995
The importance of underground structures in transportation and utility networks makes their vulnerability to earthquakes a
sensitive issue. Underground facilities are usually less vulnerable to earthquakes compared to above-ground structures, but
the associated risk may be relevant, since even a low level of damage may affect the serviceability of a wide network. Seismic
analysis of tunnels close to seismogenic faults is a complex problem, which is often neglected at the design stage for the
lack of specific codes or guidelines for the design of underground structures in seismic conditions and also because, as mentioned
above, underground structures are considered less vulnerable to earthquake loading. This paper investigates the seismic response
of deep tunnels focusing on the required steps for a proper design under both static and dynamic loading. The study aims at
contributing to improve the methods currently used for the seismic analysis of underground structures. At this purpose, the
seismic response of a deep tunnel in Southern Italy has been investigated along the transversal direction. The infrastructure
is part of the railway switch line connecting Caserta to Foggia in the Southern Apennines which is one of the most active
seismic regions in Italy. The seismic response in the transversal direction has been analysed by using the pseudo-static approach
as well as through advanced numerical modeling using the spectral element method coupled with a kinematic approach for finite
fault simulations. The pseudo-static approach has been implemented using a closed-form analytical solution. The results obtained
from advanced numerical modeling and the pseudo-static method have been compared to assess their validity and limitations. 相似文献
4.
Active geological and young faulted zones have made Iran’s territory one of the most seismological active areas in the world according to recent historical earthquakes. Some of the deadliest earthquakes such as Gilan 1990 and Kermanshah 2018 caused tens of thousands fatalities. If such violent earthquakes affect strategical structures of a country, indirect losses would be more concerning than direct losses. Nowadays there is no doubt about the vital role of tunnels and underground structures in urban areas. These facilities serve as nonstop functional structures for human transportation, water and sewage systems and underground pedestrian ways. Any external hazard subjected to underground spaces, such as earthquake could directly affect passenger’s lives and significantly decrease whole system reliability of public transportation. Commonly two earthquake levels of intensities, Maximum Design Earthquake (MDE) and Operating Design Earthquake (ODE) were used in seismic design of underground structures. However, uncertain nature of earthquakes in terms of frequency content, duration of strong ground motion, and level of intensity indicate that only the two levels of earthquake (ODE and MDE) cannot cover the all range of possible seismic responses of structures during a probable earthquake. It is important to evaluate the behavior of tunnel under a wide range of earthquake intensities. For this purpose, a practical risk-based approach which is obtained using the total probability rule was used. This study illustrates a framework for evaluation seismic stability of tunnels. Urban railway tunnels of Tehran, Shiraz, Ahwaz, Mashhad, Isfahan and Tabriz were considered as study cases. Nominal value of seismic risk for three main damage states, including minor, moderate and major were calculated. 相似文献
5.
利用黏弹性人工边界和等效地震荷载时域波动输入方法,结合土层和半空间的精确动力刚度矩阵,实现了地震波斜入射下层状场地地下综合管廊地震反应分析,建立了不同场地条件下地下综合管廊分析模型。计算结果表明:地震波倾斜入射情况下,综合管廊结构地震响应与垂直入射时具有显著差异,一般SV波以30°临界角附近入射时结构地震反应最为剧烈;地下综合管廊动应力集中主要分布在管廊角部、中柱上下端;成层土波速结构变化对地下综合管廊地震反应亦具有显著影响。总体上看:当穿越软夹层时管廊结构地震反应更为剧烈,且覆盖层越厚,管廊结构内力幅值越大。因此地下综合管廊结构抗震设计宜考虑地震波倾斜入射及场地土层性质的影响。 相似文献
6.
Mohammad Hassan Baziar Masoud Rabeti Moghadam Yun Wook Choo Dong-Soo Kim 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2016,15(3):457-476
Flexibility of underground structures relative to the surrounding medium, referred to as the flexibility ratio, is an important factor that influences their dynamic interaction. This study investigates the flexibility effect of a box-shaped subway tunnel, resting directly on bedrock, on the ground surface acceleration response using a numerical model verified against dynamic centrifuge test results. A comparison of the ground surface acceleration response for tunnel models with different flexibility ratios revealed that the tunnels with different flexibility ratios influence the acceleration response at the ground surface in different ways. Tunnels with lower flexibility ratios have higher acceleration responses at short periods, whereas tunnels with higher flexibility ratios have higher acceleration responses at longer periods. The effect of the flexibility ratio on ground surface acceleration is more prominent in the high range of frequencies. Furthermore, as the flexibility ratio of the tunnel system increases, the acceleration response moves away from the free field response and shifts towards the longer periods. Therefore, the flexibility ratio of the underground tunnels influences the peak ground acceleration (PGA) at the ground surface, and may need to be considered in the seismic zonation of urban areas. 相似文献
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This paper describes a systematic study on the fundamental features of seismic soil pressure on underground tunnels, in terms of its magnitude and distribution, and further identifi es the dominant factors that signifi cantly infl uence the seismic soil pressure. A tunnel embedded in water-saturated poroelastic half-space is considered, with a large variety of model and excitation parameters. The primary features of both the total soil pressure and the pore pressure are investigated. Taking a circular tunnel as an example, the results are presented using a fi nite element-indirect boundary element(FE-IBE) method, which can account for dynamic soil-tunnel interaction and solid frame-pore water coupling. The effects of tunnel stiffness, tunnel buried depth and input motions on the seismic soil pressure and pore pressure are also examined. It is shown that the most crucial factors that dominate the magnitude and distribution of the soil pressure are the tunnel stiffness and dynamic soil-tunnel interaction. Moreover, the solid frame-pore water coupling has a prominent infl uence on the magnitude of the pore pressure. The fi ndings are benefi cial to obtain insight into the seismic soil pressure on underground tunnels, thus facilitating more accurate estimation of the seismic soil pressure. 相似文献
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10.
为探讨“最不利地震动”概念在地下结构抗震设计中的适用性,以软土地铁区间隧道为对象建立相应的地层-结构动力分析模型。以直径变形率为分析指标,基于动力时程方法研究18条不同输入地震动作用下隧道结构动力响应的分布及差异性,得出基于隧道地震响应的输入地震动排序,并通过调幅手段对比分析了地面峰值加速度（PGA）和隧道埋深变化对隧道结构地震动响应排序的影响规律。最后,评价了不同输入地震动参数,包括峰值加速度、峰值速度、峰值位移、绝对累积速度（CAV）和阿里亚斯（Arias）强度（IA）与隧道地震响应之间的相关性。分析结果表明:① 随着PGA从0.5 m/s2增加到2 m/s2,地震动排序发生明显变化,并且不同输入地震动引起的隧道地震响应差异显著提高,最不利地震动引起的直径变形率与平均值的比值从1.1增加到1.9;② 隧道从浅埋到深埋的过程中,地震动排序结果基本保持不变;③ PGA为2 m/s2时,隧道地震响应与基岩面峰值速度（PBV）的相关性最好,相关系数达到0.94,其次是与基岩面峰值位移（PBD）和IA,相关系数分别为0.62和0.48,相关性最差的是基岩面峰值加速度（PBA）和CAV,相关系数仅为0.37和0.22。研究结论可为今后软土隧道的输入地震动选择提供科学依据。 相似文献
11.
地下结构对地震波的散射改变了场地的动力特性,无论是地上建筑还是地下结构的安全评价和抗震设计中,目前均没有很好的考虑由于地下结构的存在对原场地地震动尤其是地下地震动的影响。基于弹性波动理论,运用波函数展开法和镜像原理,分析了弹性半空间中圆形隧洞对柱面SH波的散射问题,得到了含圆形隧洞的弹性半空间位移解析解。通过数值算例分析了圆形隧洞对原场地地震动的影响,重点考察了隧洞埋深、隧洞半径和围岩衬砌模量比等参数的影响规律。结果表明,地下结构对沿线场地的动力特性有着显著的影响,对其自身以及沿线工程结构的抗震设计提供一定参考价值。 相似文献
12.
为研究土-结构接触面参数对地下综合管廊地震动力响应特征的影响,建立动力有限元数值模型,模型边界采用激励侧固定边界、远离激励侧黏性边界、其余侧自由场边界的优化组合动力边界,土体本构采用HSS模型,接触面采用改进Goodman单元,动力荷载考虑三种情况(Rayleigh波的作用、底部激励了美国加利福尼亚Upland地震波以及前两者的共同作用),分别研究不同地震动输入、接触面折减系数的改变对综合管廊内力及加速度的影响。研究结果表明:在相同的折减系数条件下,与静力作用相比,动力作用下的结构内力明显增大,综合管廊设计时应考虑地震荷载作用下内力增大的情况;随着界面折减系数的增加,正弯矩极值减小,负弯矩极值增大,加速度峰值增大;在相同接触面折减系数条件下,底部地震波输入产生的结构内力极值显著高于仅有Rayleigh波输入的情况;考虑Rayleigh波和地震波共同作用条件下,引起的管廊结构内力极值与仅考虑底部地震波输入时的结构内力极值差异不大。研究成果可供地下综合管廊结构地震响应精细化数值模拟及抗震设计参考。 相似文献
13.
Seismic response of underground utility tunnels: shaking table testing and FEM analysis 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Underground utility tunnels are widely used in urban areas throughout the world for lifeline networks due to their easy maintenance
and environmental protection capabilities. However, knowledge about their seismic performance is still quite limited and seismic
design procedures are not included in current design codes. This paper describes a series of shaking table tests the authors
performed on a scaled utility tunnel model to explore its performance under earthquake excitation. Details of the experimental
setup are first presented focusing on aspects such as the design of the soil container, scaled structural model, sensor array
arrangement and test procedure. The main observations from the test program, including structural response, soil response,
soil-structure interaction and earth pressure, are summarized and discussed. Further, a finite element model (FEM) of the
test utility tunnel is established where the nonlinear soil properties are modeled by the Drucker-Prager constitutive model;
the master-slave surface mechanism is employed to simulate the soil-structure dynamic interaction; and the confining effect
of the laminar shear box to soil is considered by proper boundary modeling. The results from the numerical model are compared
with experiment measurements in terms of displacement, acceleration and amplification factor of the structural model and the
soil. The comparison shows that the numerical results match the experimental measurements quite well. The validated numerical
model can be adopted for further analysis. 相似文献
14.
The seismic response characteristics of underground structures in saturated soils are investigated. A fully fluid-solid coupling dynamic model is developed and implemented into ABAQUS with a user-defined element to simulate the dynamic behavior of saturated soils. The accuracy of the model is validated using a classic example in literature. The performance of the model is verified by its application on simulating the seismic response characteristics of a subway station built in saturated soils. The merits of the model are demonstrated by comparing the difference of the seismic response of an underground structure in saturated soils between using the fully coupling model and a single-phase medium model. The study finds that the fully coupling model developed herein can simulate the dynamic response characteristics of the underground structures in saturated soils with high accuracy. The seismic response of the underground structure tends to be underestimated by using the single-phase medium model compared with using the fully coupling model, which provides a weaker confining action to the underground structure. 相似文献
15.
Although intensive research of the influence of ground motion duration on structural cumulative damage has been carried out, the influence of dynamic responses in underground tunnels remains a heated debate. This study attempts to highlight the importance of the ground motion duration effect on hydraulic tunnels subjected to deep-focus earthquakes. In the study, a set of 18 recorded accelerograms with a wide-range of durations were employed. A spectrally equivalent method serves to distinguish the effect of duration from other ground motion features, and then the seismic input model was simulated using SV-wave excitation based on a viscous-spring boundary, which was verified by the time-domain waves analysis method. The nonlinear analysis results demonstrate that the risk of collapse of the hydraulic tunnel is higher under long-duration ground motion than that of short-duration ground motion of the same seismic intensity. In a low intensity earthquake, the ground motion duration has little effect on the damage energy consumption of a hydraulic tunnel lining, but in a high intensity earthquake, dissipation of the damage energy and damage index of concrete shows a nonlinear growth trend accompanied by the increase of ground motion duration, which has a great influence on the deformation and stress of hydraulic tunnels, and correlation analysis shows that the correlation coefficient is greater than 0.8. Therefore, the duration of ground motion should be taken into consideration except for its intensity and frequency content in the design of hydraulic tunnel, and evaluation of seismic risk.
相似文献16.
17.
地震引起的断层强烈错断是造成隧道等地下结构严重破坏的重要原因。以2022年青海门源6.9级地震中左旋走滑逆断层错动造成的隧道震害为调查基础,对左旋走滑逆断层错动下的震害特征及震害成因进行研究分析,主要得到如下结论：(1)左旋走滑逆断层造成大梁隧道线位严重错动,水平最大偏移约1.78 m,竖向最大抬升约0.68 m;(2)震害主要集中在断层影响范围内,其中隧道受破坏严重段约350 m,占隧道全长的5.33%,受破坏较严重段分别位于严重段大里程侧402 m和小里程侧646 m范围内,占隧道全长的15.96%,其余段落震害总体轻微;(3)施工缝、仰拱填充层等部位对强震较为敏感,震害表现突出。此次研究通过对震害特征分析得到的有益启示可为同类工程抗震设计提供参考与指导。 相似文献
18.
Recent researches have revealed that the seismic ground response above tunnels can be different from the free-field motion during earthquakes. Nevertheless, to the best of the authors׳ knowledge, neither building codes nor seismic microzonation guidelines have yet considered this matter. In the present study, the seismic response of a linear elastic medium including a buried unlined tunnel subjected to vertically propagating incident SV and P waves are addressed. For analysis purposes, a numerical time-domain analysis is performed by utilizing a robust numerical algorithm working based on the boundary element method. It is observed that the amplification of the ground surface underlain by a tunnel is increased in long periods. The variation of the amplification factor and characteristic period of the medium versus the buried depth of the tunnel are depicted as the major results of this study. Some simple and useful relations are proposed for estimating the seismic microzonation of the areas underlain by tunnels. These relations can also be used for the preliminary seismic design of structures located on underground structures. 相似文献
19.
沉管隧道抗震性能研究是目前地下工程防灾减灾领域重要的研究方向之一,同时也是该领域亟需解决的难题。在总结了隧道震害特点的基础上,全面系统地阐述了原型观测、模型试验、理论分析三种沉管隧道地震响应计算的分析方法及最新研究进展。基于这些方法,进一步介绍了质点-弹簧模型、梁-弹簧模型、多体动力学模型三种水下长大沉管隧道纵向抗震简化模型,并分析模型对应的特点及力学原理,最后简要地总结了沉管隧道的减震措施。一定程度上可以反映出国内外沉管隧道地震响应分析以及减震控制研究目前的发展阶段,并通过这些最新的研究成果提出了进一步的展望。 相似文献
20.
地下结构抗震理论分析与试验研究的发展展望 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
目前我国在地下结构抗震分析与破坏灾变机理研究中尚存在诸多问题需要解决,在分析总结我国地下结构抗震理论与试验研究的基础上,重点阐述了需要进一步深入研究的六个关键问题:地下结构振动模型试验研究技术,土体非线性动力本构模型,高轴压的地下结构承重构件地震破坏机理,非一致波动输入及非一致波动输入下地下结构的地震反应,饱和砂土液化大变形理论及本构模型,大型三维非线性土-结构动力相互作用分析模型。这些问题的研究和解决对于完善地下结构抗震理论分析方法与试验研究技术,获得大型地下结构在地震作用下的反应规律与破坏灾变机理具有重要的科学意义和工程应用价值。 相似文献