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本文论述了近年来白云鄂博矿区在旷物学、岩石学、地球化学和矿床成因研究方面的进展。在矿物学研究方面,除以往研究过的一百多种矿物外,八十年代中期以后,又相继发现并研究了含铌锐钛矿、含铌钙钛矿、锶铁钛石、水磷钙钍石、白云鄂博矿、未命名氟碳酸盐新种矿物、珀硅钛铈铁矿、硅钡镁石、带云母等矿物;发现了矿物间的共生和交代关系。在岩石学研究方面,找到了霓长岩,发现了霓长岩化作用,确定了火成碳酸岩岩石的存在。在地球化学和矿床成因方面,提出了稀土稀有金属矿化与火成碳酸岩岩浆活动有成因联系的见解。 相似文献
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利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、扫描电镜(SEM)和矿物自动分析仪(MLA)等测试分析技术,对四川康定锂多金属矿石的组成、结构、粒度和主要矿物的赋存状态等工艺矿物学特征进行研究。结果表明:该锂多金属矿的化学成分w(B)/%:Li2O 1.50,(Nb,Ta)2O50.016,Sn 0.026,BeO 0.041;矿物成分:锂辉石19.98%,钽铌铁矿0.02%,绿柱石0.23%,锡石0.007%;锂、铌钽、锡、铍四种元素含量均基本达到工业品位。锂辉石粒度粗细不均,最大颗粒达40mm,细粒不足0.05mm,磨矿过程中应采用选择性磨矿;锂辉石本身含Fe2O30.41%,这给生产低铁锂辉石带来难度。钽铌铁矿的粒度较细,均小于0.08mm,多以微细板状晶包含于锂辉石、绿柱石、石英等矿物中。 相似文献
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通过全岩化学分析、显微镜下鉴定、扫描电镜分析及矿物自动定量分析(AMICS),查明了断峰山铌钽矿床的矿石物质组成和铌钽赋存状态.矿石Nb2O5品位为0.0112％～0.0117％,Ta2O5品位为0.0033％～0.0084％,主要矿物组成为钠长石、石英、白云母、黑云母及高岭石等,矿石中的铌钽矿物主要有钽锰矿(Ta/Nb=2.94,Fe/Mn=0.45)、钽铌锰矿(Ta/Nb=0.51,Fe/Mn=0.56)和铌锰矿(Ta/Nb=0.11,Fe/Mn=0.82)3种.矿石含Nb2O5量为0.0112％～0.0117％,含Ta2O5量为0.0033％～0.0084％,该矿床为花岗伟晶岩类铌钽矿床.铌在铌锰矿、钽铌锰矿和钽锰矿分布率分别为48.76％、37.26％和13.99％.钽在钽锰矿、钽铌锰矿和铌锰矿的分布率分别为62.65％、28.96％和8.39％.铌钽矿物粒度主要分布于16～75μm之间,矿物单体解离度较低,占24.47％. 相似文献
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铌和钽在特殊合金鋼、噴气工业、无綫电技术以及其他工業部門有广泛而重要的用途,因此寻找铌和钽的矿物原料资源应該是我們目前的迫切任务之一。铌和钽的重要矿石是钶铁矿-钽铁矿族矿物及黃綠石-細晶石族矿物,至于其他多数的铌钽酸鹽矿物或钛铌钽酸鹽矿物,如褐钇钶矿、钶钇矿及黑稀金矿等,一般只是作为钇族稀土类元素的资源来进行小規模开采。因为象褐钇钶矿这些矿物,一般比较分散,很少形成規模巨大的矿床;同时由于这些矿物的化学組成相当复杂,在分离及冶煉方面存在有一定的困难。尤其象黑稀金矿或复稀金矿等含钛高的矿物,铌、钽和钛的分离、提取,是一个尚待研究的問題。 相似文献
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仁里矿床是中国近年新发现的超大型花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床,文章针对其稀有金属矿化富集规律、成岩成矿演化特征及找矿标志等问题,以5号主矿脉钻孔ZK708全孔岩芯及岩体内、外伟晶岩为研究对象,采用了电子探针、能谱仪分析和全岩地球化学分析等方法,开展了伟晶岩岩相学、矿物学及地球化学等方面的研究工作.研究结果表明:①仁里矿床伟晶岩岩性比较复杂,不同岩性伟晶岩相互穿插,为同期次不同阶段的结果,经历了多阶段的岩浆-热液活动,铌钽等稀有金属矿化与多阶段岩浆-热液活动密切相关,铌钽等稀有金属矿物主要赋存于粗-中粒、粗粒白云母钠长石伟晶岩中,随着伟晶岩粒度的增加,铌钽等稀有金属矿化具有逐渐增加的趋势;②仁里矿床伟晶岩为LCT(Li-Cs-Ta)型伟晶岩,经历了不同阶段的岩浆-热液活动,多阶段的热液活动(尤其是富P、F热液流体)为Li、Nb、Ta等稀有元素的进一步富集提供了热源和物质来源,促使Li、Nb、Ta等稀有元素的进一步释出和富集;不同世代矿物出现在伟晶岩熔体-溶液不同演化阶段.磷灰石和粒状、叶片状钠长石可做为本区铌钽等稀有金属矿产的重要找矿标志. 相似文献
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陕西丹凤富铷伟晶岩中褐钇铌矿矿物学及地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
东秦岭的商南—丹凤地区分布着众多含稀有金属矿化的花岗伟晶岩,在该地区的富铷花岗伟晶岩中首次鉴定出褐钇铌矿,其主要产出于富石榴子石的微斜长石花岗伟晶岩中,多与石榴子石、锆石、磷钇矿、铌钽铁矿等副矿物伴生,为花岗质岩浆晚期结晶产物。电子探针分析表明,褐钇铌矿除了含有Y、Nb、REE、Ta、Ti等主要元素,还含有较高含量的放射性元素UO2(>5%)和ThO2(>1%);Pb、Ca和Si等元素含量低于1%,属于微量元素。所分析的褐钇铌矿属于褐钇铌矿—黄钇钽矿系列,其Nb/(Nb+Ta)值接近1;重稀土富集程度很高,属于ΣY的选择配分型矿物。由于褐钇铌矿中含有高含量的U、Th放射性元素,其可能会发生蜕晶质化,本文利用激光拉曼对褐钇铌矿的晶体结构进行分析,以探讨褐钇铌矿中高含量放射性元素对其晶体结构产生的影响。 相似文献
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聚源钨矿是华南地区为数不多的大型石英脉型白钨矿矿床之一。在详细的野外地质调查基础上,本文利用α径迹蚀刻、电子显微镜、扫描电镜以及电子探针等实验手段,对该矿床含钨和含铀矿物开展了精细矿物学的研究工作,探讨了成矿过程中钨和铀的富集规律。研究显示,该矿床钨铀矿物的形成可分为四个阶段:第一阶段,钨铀主要进入富含Nb、Ti的氧化物矿物,形成铌铁矿、钇易解石等富钨矿物,另有极少量的钨进入黑钨矿和早阶段白钨矿;第二阶段,铌铁矿与钇易解石被后期流体交代,形成含钨富铀的骑田岭矿、铌锰矿以及钛-钇易解石;第三阶段,钨进入中阶段白钨矿,这一阶段也是钨最主要的矿化阶段;第四阶段,钨进入晚阶段白钨矿。最后两阶段白钨矿中铀含量不高。骑田岭矿(WO_3 26.74%～29.68%),是聚源钨矿中除白钨矿和黑钨矿之外钨含量最高的含钨矿物。该矿易解石族矿物WO_3最高可达9.80%,极度富钨,是目前有文可查的钨含量最高的易解石。聚源钨矿中的含钨矿物大多数为白钨矿,但绝大多数的白钨矿却在骑田岭矿、易解石族矿物、铌铁矿族矿物、黑钨矿之后形成,说明成矿流体在演化过程中,绝大多数W首先进入富含Nb、Ti的含铀矿物和少量黑钨矿,之后才是白钨矿的大量结晶。 相似文献
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As well as world class Fe and REE resources the Bayan Obo mineral deposits also hosts significant niobium resources(estimated as 2.2 Mt Nb with an average grade of 0.13 wt% Nb).Niobium in this study is primarily hosted in aeschynite-(Ce) and(Nd),but with subsidiary amounts of pyrochlore,fergusonite-(Ce),fersmite and columbite.Here we report on the paragenetic and textural setting of aeschynite,pyrochlore and fergusonite in the main ore bodies and in a carbonatite dyke.Niobium in a carbonatite sample is hosted in a phase tentatively(due to significant Ca,Mn and Ti contents) identified as fergusonite-(Ce).Aeschynite occurs overgrowing foliation in banded ores,in fractures and vugs in aegirine-rich rocks and in calcite veins.The composition in all settings is similar,but some examples in banded ores develop significant zonation in Y,Th and the REE,inferred to relate to buffering of halogen acid species to low levels by dissolution and fluoritisation of calcite,and the preferential precipitation of LREE from solution due to lower mineral solubility products compared to the HREE.Although lower in total concentration the ratios of REE in pyrochlore are similar to those of aeschynite and suggest the same metal source.The crystallisation of pyrochlore probably relates to growth in paragenetic settings where carbonates had already been eliminated and hence the buffering of F-species activities in the hydrothermal fluid was reduced.Both aeschynite and pyrochlore show evidence of alteration.Primary alteration of aeschynite resulted in leaching of A-site cations(Ca,REE,Th) and Nb,addition of Fe,and ultimately replacement by Ba-Ti phases(baotite and bafertisite).Secondary,metamictisation enhanced,possibly supergene alteration of pyrochlore resulted in hydration,leaching of A-site cations leading to the development of lattice vacancies and increases in Si.The presence of hydrothermal Nb resources at Bayan Obo suggests there may be potential for further Nb discoveries in the area,whilst the trends in element mobility during alteration have significant implications for the utility of A-B oxides as components of materials for immobilisation of radionuclides. 相似文献
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N. Tomašić A. Gajović V. Bermanec D. S. Su M. Rajić Linarić T. Ntaflos R. Schlögl 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2006,33(2):145-159
The metamict state and recrystallization of fergusonite in metamict natural samples were studied by thermal methods (TGA-DTA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and electron microprobe (EPMA). Two metamict mineral samples of fergusonite were investigated in order to identify the original premetamict crystal structure and to identify recrystallization mechanisms. The TEM data and RS provided evidence on the partial preservation of the original structure in the investigated minerals, which are X-ray amorphous. It was shown that fergusonite could recrystallize from a metamict mineral with original fergusonite structure or from metamictized pyrochlore, which was altered before or after metamictization. Two recrystallization mechanisms were recognized: (a) epitaxial growth occurring at the boundary between preserved premetamict structure fragments and completely metamictized areas, and (b) nucleation-crystal growth mechanism occurring in completely amorphous areas of the minerals, and resulting in recrystallization of the original mineral as well as in the crystallization of a new mineral with a modified chemical composition as compared to the initial matrix. 相似文献
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Gong Weiliang 《中国地球化学学报》1991,10(3):266-276
A new classification scheme of the fergusnoite-group minerals is suggested on the basis of mineral chemistry and high temperature
XRD. A number of new varieties such as M-thorian fergusonite-(Ce). M-neodymian fergusonite-(Ce). T-titanian fergusonite-(Nd)
and T-yttrian fergusonite-(Nd) have been recognized in the light of detailed chemical studies, particularly with reference
to REE, SRE and solid solution relationship. The results indicate strong REE and SRE differentiation and evolution in the
fergusonite group, which can be interpretated by differences in the stability of various REE complexes in response to variations
in physicochemical conditions during the multi-stage mineralization process in the Bayan Obo ore deposit. The crystallization
of the minerals is closely related to hydrolysis of REE and Nb complexes. REE (OH)3 Nb(OH)5 coprecipitation, dehydration, polymerization and nucleation.The significance of SRE (Eu)in the western part of the deposit
is emphasized.
This project was finantially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. 相似文献
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The niobium and zirconium L III-absorption spectra in some niobates and zircons were obtained with a vacuum focusing crystal spectrometer. The effective charges of Nb and Zr in these minerals were derived from the X-ray absorption spectra. The fine structure of the absorption spectra and effective charges Nb and Zr in metamict, partly-metamict minerals and crystalline analogues made it possible to draw a conclusion as to the nature of the first coordination sphere of Nb and Zr during metamict decay and subsequent recrystallization under annealing of these minerals. 相似文献
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云南禄丰鹅头厂铁铜矿床是滇中地区著名的元古宙含铜富铁矿床之一,矿床中除了铁、铜等资源外,还伴生少量的稀土组分。本文利用国际上矿物与地质行业前沿的矿物自动分析测试方法——矿物表征自动定量分析系统(AMICS),结合扫描电镜-能谱(SEM-EDS)显微结构原位分析技术,完成了常规岩矿鉴定手段难以完成的矿物定量识别和鉴定,首次在禄丰鹅头厂铁铜矿床中发现了氟碳钙铈矿、氟碳铈矿、褐钇铌矿等独立的稀土矿物。其中,氟碳钙铈矿主要富集在条纹条带状矿石中,分布极不均匀,局部富集,主要呈微细粒半自形至它形粒状晶体,多为微细粒的不规则粒状集合体,与磁铁矿间隙中的方解石和绿泥石等脉石矿物紧密共生,在氟碳钙铈矿颗粒中普遍含有呈板状或柱状、片状、针状的微细粒氟碳铈矿;褐钇铌矿也主要富集在条纹条带状矿石中,呈细小的不规则粒状,与铁氧化物边缘缝隙中的绿泥石等脉石矿物紧密共生。X射线能谱分析表明,氟碳钙铈矿和氟碳铈矿富含轻稀土元素,以Ce、Nd、La为主,含量一般Ce La Nd,含少量Pr、Y等元素;褐钇铌矿中主要金属元素有Nb、Y、Ce、Nd、Fe、Ti、Mg、Ca、U等,其中Nb的含量较高,稀土元素以Y为主,并含少量Ce、Nd等。稀土矿物的发现,对探讨该矿床及整个滇中地区前寒武纪(中元古代)铁-铜(-稀土)矿床的成因有着一定的指示意义。根据矿床中稀土-铁氧化物的产出特征和区域成矿地质背景,结合前人研究成果,认为鹅头厂矿床中稀土-铁氧化物的形成与Columbia超大陆裂解时的深部(地幔)岩浆活动有关,并受到多期次后期热液事件的叠加改造。 相似文献
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Petrochemical study and U–Pb SIMS (SHRIMP–II) zircon analyses of subalkaline leucogranite of the Khariusikha Massif have been carried out. They have revealed for the first time a rare-metal mineralization. The elevated concentrations of rare elements (wt %) are Nb (0.5–0.7), Ta (0.12–0.16), REEs (0.08–0.24), Y (0.06–0, 1), Zr (2.3–2.6), Hf (0.1–0.12), U (0.05–0.1), and Th (0.08–0.1) and are confined to albitized granites. The main mineral phases concentrating the rare elements, U and Th, are tantalo–niobates: fergusonite, euxenite, U–pyrochlore, tantalite, as well as thorite, monazite, zircon, and sphene. These minerals associate with cassiterite, sulfides, and gold. The simultaneity of the intraplate granitoid magmatism (753 ± 4 Ma) and bimodal rhyolite–basalt volcanism (753 ± 6 Ma) in the neighboring rift structure has been demonstrated. Presumably, the Neoproterozoic rifting and intraplate magmatism relate to the plume activity that caused the supercontinent Rodinia to break up. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(1):9-25
Ta and Nb are associated in nature. Both are oxyphile and are related geochemically to Fe, Mn, Ti, rare earths U, Th, Zr, W, Sn, Bi, and Sb. Both accompany the alkali metals,especially Na and Li. Their close relationship explains their isomorphism in mineral-forming processes. Zr, W, and Sn entrain Ta and Nb in the crystal lattices of their minerals in limited amounts. The concentration of Ta and Nb increases in the course of magma evolution from ultrabasic to alkalic. Nb predominates over Ta in the main kinds of rocks by from 5:1 to 17:1. Only in granite pegmatites is Ta dominant. In granitic rocks Ta and Nb are associated with Fe, Mn, Bi, Sb, W, and Sn. In granosyenitic complexes they form complex minerals with Ti, rare earths of the Y subgroup, U, and Th. Concentrations of Ta and Nb in granitic and granosyenitic complexes increase toward the end of the magmatic and pegmatitic processes, and afterward diminish toward the end of the pneumatolytic-hydrothermal processes. In alkalic complexes Ta and Nb are associated with Ti, rare earths of the Ce group, and Th. Concentrations of Ta and Ni in alkalic massifs are caused by magmatic differentiation. In alkalic ultrabasic complexes, in magmatic and pegmatitic processes, Ta and Nb do not form independent minerals but enter into minerals of Ti and Fe, i. e. perovskite, titanomagnitite, and pyroxenes. --M. Russell. 相似文献
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褐钇铌矿族矿物变生非晶态的高温相变研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
采用高温X射线衍射分析和退火结晶实验，研究了褐钇铌矿族矿物变生非晶态的高温相变关系。确认自然界稳定存在T（四方）和M（单斜）两种变,体，高温下还存在另一个四方变体T′。T，M和T′三者间关系为：T＞730－880℃／→T′＜730－880℃／→／←M。相变湿度受A组阳离子的平均离子半径控制。进而讲座了T和T′的结构差异，并指出相对于T′的晶格畸变是T相室温稳定的原因。此外，还讨论了变生非晶态的结构，提出了鉴定变生非晶态原生相的有效方法，并在白云鄂博矿床中鉴定出本族矿物6种12个亚种矿物，首次给出了本族矿物新成员－－T－褐钕铌矿的X射线粉晶数据。 相似文献