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该文利用宿迁市沭阳县和泗洪县观测站2007—2010年的酸雨观测数据和气象资料,统计分析了宿迁市酸雨的变化特征,并对比了酸雨pH值与降水量、降水电导率(K值)、酸雨频率变化规律的关系。结果表明:宿迁市5 a来酸雨单次降水pH值最低达3.26 mol·L-1,属强酸雨。5 a来,沭阳县降水平均pH值均达酸雨标准;泗洪县降水平均pH值未达酸雨标准。春秋季降水酸性最强,酸雨频率出现也最多,冬季则降水酸性和酸雨频率最低;地面风向对宿迁酸雨污染也有一定的影响,形成宿迁酸雨的主要是东南风和东北风;宿迁市雨量的大小对酸雨出现百分率影响不大,但对降水酸度有影响,暴雨的酸性最强,其次是大雨。 相似文献
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本文通过对太原市2007年-2009年酸雨观测资料进行分析,讨论了太原市酸雨的年变化规律,分析了太原市酸雨与降水量、风速、风向等气象要素的关系,指出太原市近三年的酸雨频率较高,酸雨强度较强,酸雨已经成为太原市的环境问题. 相似文献
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2005年中国酸雨时空分布特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据中国气象局酸雨站网的观测资料,分析总结了2005年全国降水酸度(酸雨)的时空分布特征,包括年均降水pH值和酸雨发生频率,统计了酸雨逐月变化情况和各省酸雨总体变化趋势；将2005年全国酸雨状况与2004年的状况进行比较,结果认为,2005年全国酸雨污染形势趋于加重。另外,对近3a来部分台站降水的pH值明显降低的趋势进行了统计和分析。 相似文献
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根据中国气象局酸雨站网的观测资料,分析总结了2005年全国降水酸度（酸雨）的时空分布特征,包括年均降水pH值和酸雨发生频率,统计了酸雨逐月变化情况和各省酸雨总体变化趋势;将2005年全国酸雨状况与2004年的状况进行比较,结果认为,2005年全国酸雨污染形势趋于加重。另外,对近3 a来部分台站降水的pH值明显降低的趋势进行了统计和分析。 相似文献
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利用2008年1月至2012年12月镇江市酸雨观测资料,详细分析了镇江市酸雨强度和发生频率的年、季、月变化特征,并对影响酸雨发生的气象因素进行了分析。结果表明:镇江市酸雨年、季、月平均pH值均较低,酸雨强度均较大,春季和秋季是酸雨的高发季节。由降水量、风向、逆温及外来污染源垂直输送等气象要素对镇江市酸雨的影响可知,镇江市强酸雨的发生频率和占总降水量的比例均较高;NE、SE和E这3个风向对镇江地区酸雨的总贡献率超过50.0%;华北、华东、湖南和湖北地区是镇江市酸雨发生的可能外来污染源;低层(925hPa及以下高度)出现逆温时,更易出现酸雨,且逆温层厚度均较深厚;逆温温差的强度与酸雨强度有一定的关系,即温差越大,pH值越低,酸雨强度越大。 相似文献
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利用南宫酸雨观测站2006-2009年的酸雨观测资料,统计分析了4年来酸雨时间分布特征,探讨了酸雨的变化规律,并对酸雨与气象要素的关系进行了初步分析.结果显示:酸雨发生频率63％,强酸雨频率28％;降水平均pH值为5.22,降水最小pH值为3.08;酸性降水量比例80％;降水平均K值为94.1 μS/cm,最大K值为529.0 μS/cm.酸雨存在着季节性变化,秋季是酸雨出现频率最多、酸性较强的季节;春季则是酸雨出现频率低的季节.酸雨的形成与风向风速、降水量、降水性质及大雾有关. 相似文献
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以一些易被忽略、简化的指示性云状及编码为依据,论述云天演变,对于观测、记录及编码具有重要意义。 相似文献
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就百色工业立市的情况作简要概叙,并在工业立市进程中,除了决策和公益气象服务以外,气象信息服务的市场前景、营销人员队伍、服务中应注意的事项及气象信息服务的可能服务对象和内容作了较为详细的探讨。 相似文献
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综合布线系统采用标准化的语音、数据、图像、监控设备,各线综合配置在一套标准的布线系统上,统一布线设计、安装施工和集中管理维护。综合布线系统在广东省气象局核心网络升级综合布线实际应用效果明显。 相似文献
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综合布线系统在气象核心网络升级中的应用 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
综合布线系统采用标准化的语音、数据、图像、监控设备，各线综合配置在一套标准的布线系统上，统一布线设计、安装施工和集中管理维护。综合布线系统在广东省气象局核心网络升级综合布线实际应用效果明显。 相似文献
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The Impact Of Air-Flow Separation On The Drag Of The Sea Surface 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
An approach that allows assessment ofthe impact of air-flow separation (AFS) fromwave breaking fronts on the sea-surface drag is presented. Wave breaking fronts are modelled by the discontinuities of the sea-surface slope. It is assumedthat the dynamics of the AFS from wave breaking crests is similar to thatfrom the backward facing step. The form drag supported by an individualbreaker is described by the action of the pressure drop distributed alongthe forward face of the breaking front. The total stress due to the AFS isobtained as a sum of contributions from breaking fronts of different scales.Outside the breaking fronts the drag of the sea surface is supported by theviscous surface stress and the wave-induced stress. To calculate the stressdue to the AFS and the wave-induced stress a physical model of the wind-wavespectrum is used. Together with the model of the air flow described in termsof surface stresses it forms a self-consistent dynamical system for the seasurface-atmosphere where the air flow and wind waves are strongly coupled.Model calculations of the drag coefficient agree with measurements. It is shownthat the dimensionless Charnock parameter (roughness length normalized onthe square of the friction velocity and the acceleration of gravity)increases with the increase of the wind speed in agreement with fieldmeasurements. The stress due to the AFS normalized on the square of thefriction velocity is proportional to the cube of wind speed. At low windsthe viscous surface stress dominates the drag. The role of the form drag,which is the sum of the stress due to the AFS and the wave-induced stress, isnegligible. At moderate and high winds the form drag dominates. At windspeeds higher than 10 m s-1 the stress supported by the AFS becomescomparable to the wave-induced stress and supports up to 50% of the totalstress. 相似文献
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黑潮OLR距平指数与华南西部主汛期降水的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
OLR距平场与华南西部主汛期降水的相关分析场显示,在黑潮区域有强烈的高相关信号反映。黑潮区OLR距平指数与华南主汛期降水的遥相关分析显示,前期黑潮区OLR距平指数的异常,可以成为预测主汛期降水有一定指示意义的前兆信号。并在此基础上建立主成分降维分析方法,对1989~2000年主汛期降水作预测及回代检验,检验结果准确率达75%,说明用黑潮区OLR距平指数作为预报因子可以取得良好的预报成绩。 相似文献
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Releases of halocarbons into the atmosphere over the last 50 years are among the factors that have contributed to changes in the Earth’s climate since pre-industrial times. Their individual and collective potential to contribute directly to surface climate change is usually gauged through calculation of their radiative efficiency, radiative forcing, and/or Global Warming Potential (GWP). For those halocarbons that contain chlorine and bromine, indirect effects on temperature via ozone layer depletion represent another way in which these gases affect climate. Further, halocarbons can also affect the temperature in the stratosphere. In this paper, we use a narrow-band radiative transfer model together with a range of climate models to examine the role of these gases on atmospheric temperatures in the stratosphere and troposphere. We evaluate in detail the halocarbon contributions to temperature changes at the tropical tropopause, and find that they have contributed a significant warming of ~0.4 K over the last 50 years, dominating the effect of the other well-mixed greenhouse gases at these levels. The fact that observed tropical temperatures have not warmed strongly suggests that other mechanisms may be countering this effect. In a climate model this warming of the tropopause layer is found to lead to a 6% smaller climate sensitivity for halocarbons on a globally averaged basis, compared to that for carbon dioxide changes. Using recent observations together with scenarios we also assess their past and predicted future direct and indirect roles on the evolution of surface temperature. We find that the indirect effect of stratospheric ozone depletion could have offset up to approximately half of the predicted past increases in surface temperature that would otherwise have occurred as a result of the direct effect of halocarbons. However, as ozone will likely recover in the next few decades, a slightly faster rate of warming should be expected from the net effect of halocarbons, and we find that together halocarbons could bring forward next century’s expected warming by ~20 years if future emissions projections are realized. In both the troposphere and stratosphere CFC-12 contributes most to the past temperature changes and the emissions projection considered suggest that HFC-134a could contribute most of the warming over the coming century. 相似文献
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The flux-gradient model, often used to describe turbulent dispersion, implicitly defines an eddy diffusion coefficient K that is known to be related to the Eulerian probability density function (pdf) of the turbulent velocity field. In the strict limit of applicability of Fick's law, the relationship between K and the pdf is used to investigate the influence of non-Gaussianity on dispersion in homogeneous turbulence. A bi-Gaussian pdf is used as a closure model that allows for separate studies of skewness and kurtosis variations. The choice of model parameters can have a significant influence on K, especially when the pdf is bimodal. Both arbitrariness of the closure and bimodality are then reduced using the maximum entropy criterion for the selection of the free parameter of the closure scheme, together with the assumption that the model is valid only for those values of the parameters for which a unimodal pdf is possible. The variations of K are found to be sensitive to both skewness and kurtosis showing a more complex behaviour than that found in literature. 相似文献