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1.
基于中国气象局区域台风数值预报系统(CMA-TYM),通过一系列敏感性试验,分析研究了台风“天鸽”(1713)生命过程中不同时间阶段的移动路径及强度的数值模拟对模式参数化方案中边界层高度(h)和动量粗糙度(z0)的敏感性。试验结果表明,使用不同参数化方案计算的h在“天鸽”(1713)初期的热带风暴阶段对热带气旋的移动路径有较明显的影响,在台风成熟后对热带气旋的移动路径影响不显著 ;台风中心附近最大10 m风速对h的变化不敏感,而最低海平面气压对h的变化却非常敏感。同时发现在台风发展初期阶段,边界层过薄或过厚都不利于台风强度的发展加强。这表明边界层高度h在热带气旋数值模拟和预报中是非常重要的,尤其是在台风发展的初期阶段。动量粗糙度z0的变化对台风“天鸽”的影响主要体现在台风增强阶段,台风中心附近10 m风速最大值在台风增强阶段对z0敏感,尤其是在台风发展的初期阶段 相似文献
2.
将Argo浮标资料与卫星遥感再分析数据相结合,调用基于抛物方程算法的RAM(Range-dependent Acoustic Model)模型,研究了2012年第14号台风“天秤”对不完整深海声道(3 000 m)和完整深海声道(5 500 m)两种水深条件下声传播特性的影响。结果显示:台风对海水的影响局限于表层水体,具体为混合层加厚,混合层内温度梯度接近于零,声速在混合层内正梯度分布;混合层下方一定深度的水体增温,相应的声速也增大。声源在混合层内时,主要对海表层的声传播产生影响,两种水深条件下均出现表面波导声传播模式以及泄漏模式。声源在混合层以下时,不完整深海声道条件下台风使得会聚区向着声源方向靠近;完整深海声道条件下台风对会聚区的位置影响不明显,但声波的翻转深度增加近500 m。 相似文献
3.
西北太平洋台风外围的涌浪可穿过琉球群岛的海峡传入东海。本文采用1978—2018年的历史资料研究了有效波高2 m及以上的涌浪穿过琉球群岛在东海所形成浪区的空间分布特征。结果表明,沿适当角度的台风外围涌浪主要通过与那国海峡、宫古海峡、边户岬-与路岛水道、奄美-吐噶喇海峡传入东海,其余受到岛屿阻挡。筛选得到的40个台风案例中,宫古海峡入射次数最多,为33次,其次是边户岬-与路岛水道和奄美-吐噶喇海峡,均为17次,与那国海峡为11次。奄美-吐噶喇海峡,宫古海峡、边户岬-与路岛水道和与那国海峡的涌浪入射深度达到最大时分别约为570 km、480 km、380 km和234 km。多元线性回归分析结果表明,登陆型台风和西进型台风10级风半径、台风平均移动速度、入射角度对涌浪入射深度的影响较大,单独台风要素与涌浪入射深度无统计学上的相关性。 相似文献
4.
The characteristics of swells within the East China Sea have been reported by Tao et al.(2017), while the question of where the swells come from remains unanswered. By using the wave model WAVEWATCH III and the swell tracking method proposed by Hanson(2001), the spatial sources of the swells are investigated during four typical typhoon scenarios, which usually affect the wave environment in the East China Sea, including the Recurving type,the Northward type, the Westward type(striking the East China Sea) and the Westward type(over the South China Sea). The numerical results show that parts of the swells are from the North West Pacific with a long-distance travelling. The moving paths of the swells are affected by the typhoon tracks, which result in various fetches. The Westward type(over the South China Sea) makes one peak in the evolution process. The landing process of the Westward type(striking the East China Sea) could result in swells with low energy. The swell energy depends on swell propagation distance, existence time and wind intensity of generation fetch. The consistent fetch and forceful wind intensity make swell carry more energy. 相似文献
5.
台风和海洋涡旋相互作用,对台风路径和强度的预报和预警具有重要的意义。本文根据2016年第22号超强台风"海马"登陆前后在吕宋海峡附近海域的水文要素现场观测,结合卫星遥感资料,分析了台风过境前后位于吕宋海峡北部的中尺度暖涡内海洋物理要素的分布及其对台风的响应特征。结果表明,处于台风边缘的暖涡并没有因为台风过境产生的强冷抽吸作用而被削弱;反而因台风边缘产生的较强的负风应力旋度异常,导致此区域上层暖海水辐聚下沉、混合层厚度增加,从而增强了该暖涡。台风过境前后,暖涡内热含量的变化也证实了该涡旋的增强。而离台风中心较近的暖涡,则受到强的正风应力旋度产生的冷抽吸作用而被削弱。此次观测研究丰富了台风和涡旋的相互作用物理机制探索,为台风预测预警提供了现场观测数据支持。 相似文献
6.
基于以前对热带气旋气压场和风场的研究,作者求出一种能适用于任意热带气旋风压结构且具有一定普遍意义的热带气旋风速分布一般式。同时修正了宫崎正卫关于台风合成风风场的假设,将本文求出的热带气旋风速变化规律作为静止热带气旋风速,以热带气旋移行速度V,按到热带气旋中心距离r指数衰减作为大尺度的本底风场,由矢量合成原理求出另一种移行热带气旋风速分布式。新的移行热带气旋风速分布式还考虑到环境气压等因素的影响,从所计算的个例看,计算风速与实际风速较为吻合。此外,在缺乏海上风压资料的情况下,能由任一条封闭等压线的气压和矢径计算热带气旋风场分布。 相似文献
7.
Surface waves generated by a moving ship in water of finite depth are affected by the rheological properties of the movable bottom. The aim of this work is to evaluate the wave resistance exerted on a hovercraft modeled as a two-dimensional pressure distribution moving on the free surface of water with nonrigid bottom. Analysis of three-dimensional flows in two-fluid layers of finite depths is performed by assuming an inviscid upper layer (water) and a viscous lower layer (nonrigid bottom). Numerical calculations show that the maximum wave resistance occurs in the vicinity of the critical Froude number F=1. This maximum value decreases as the muddy bottom becomes less rigid. 相似文献
8.
Based on Green–Naghdi equation this work studies unsteady ship waves in shallow water of varying depth. A moving ship is regarded as a moving pressure disturbance on free surface. The moving pressure is incorporated into the Green–Naghdi equation to formulate forcing of ship waves in shallow water. The frequency dispersion term of the Green–Naghdi equation accounts for the effects of finite water depth on ship waves. A wave equation model and the finite element method (WE/FEM) are adopted to solve the Green–Naghdi equation. The numerical examples of a Series 60 (CB=0.6) ship moving in shallow water are presented. Three-dimensional ship wave profiles and wave resistance are given when the ship moves in shallow water with a bed bump (or a trench). The numerical results indicate that the wave resistance increases first, then decreases, and finally returns to normal value as the ship passes a bed bump. A comparison between the numerical results predicted by the Green–Naghdi equation and the shallow water equations is made. It is found that the wave resistance predicted by the Green–Naghdi equation is larger than that predicted by the shallow water equations in subcritical flow
, and the Green–Naghdi equation and the shallow water equations predict almost the same wave resistance when
, the frequency dispersion can be neglected in supercritical flows. 相似文献
9.
利用海底地震仪数据分析台风对海底环境噪音的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
在海底布设的海底地震仪（OBS）能比较清晰地记录到海底的环境噪音，而台风可以直接或间接的产生在海底传播的弹性波，从而影响海底的环境噪音，并在较大程度上影响OBS的数据记录。本文通过分析台风对工作区的整个影响过程中OBS记录数据的振幅变化，再选择合适的滤波方式，首次发现台风产生的风浪及涌浪在短周期海底地震仪的记录数据上有良好的表现特征，指出了台风对海底环境噪音的另一种可能的影响方式，并由此得出：1）台风产生的风浪和涌浪对海底环境噪音的影响模式不同；2）风浪和涌浪所加强的海底环境噪音的范围和程度不同；3）短周期OBS可以比较清晰的记录涌浪信息，其周期主要是6—8 s，且能量稳定（简称“8秒现象”）。这三点结论为后期的海洋地震研究和海洋学其他研究提供经验与借鉴。 相似文献
10.
The effect of swell on the drag coefficient, C
D, observed at the Hiratsuka Tower Station, presented by Suzuki et al. (1998, 2002), has been investigated. C
D increases sharply with the windsea Reynolds number, R
B, when there is a counter swell against the windsea direction, and only gradually when the swell comes from a mixture of directions.
In cases where 2-D wave spectra were unavailable (1998, and others), swells showed a scattering effect compared with the pure
windsea case on the C
D-R
B Diagram. R
B is a useful parameter for investigating the effect of swells and further systematic accumulation of appropriate data is needed. 相似文献
11.
Matthew Browne Bruno Castelle Darrell Strauss Rodger Tomlinson Michael Blumenstein Chris Lane 《Coastal Engineering》2007
Estimation of swell conditions in coastal regions is important for a variety of public, government, and research applications. Driving a model of the near-shore wave transformation from an offshore global swell model such as NOAA WaveWatch3 is an economical means to arrive at swell size estimates at particular locations of interest. Recently, some work (e.g. Browne et al. [Browne, M., Strauss, D., Castelle, B., Blumenstein, M., Tomlinson, R., 2006. Local swell estimation and prediction from a global wind-wave model. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 3 (4), 462–466.]) has examined an artificial neural network (ANN) based, empirical approach to wave estimation. Here, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of two data driven approaches to estimating waves near-shore (linear and ANN), and also contrast these with a more traditional spectral wave simulation model (SWAN). Performance was assessed on data gathered from a total of 17 near-shore locations, with heterogenous geography and bathymetry, around the continent of Australia over a 7 month period. It was found that the ANNs out-performed SWAN and the non-linear architecture consistently out-performed the linear method. Variability in performance and differential performance with regard to geographical location could largely be explained in terms of the underlying complexity of the local wave transformation. 相似文献
12.
利用东矶列岛海域一年实测波浪资料,统计分析波要素特征,以台风“利奇马”为例,分析台风浪演变过程。结果表明：研究海域年平均有效波高0.88 m,年平均周期4.3 s,年最大波高8.67 m出现在夏季台风“利奇马”影响时。研究海域以轻浪为主,其次是小浪和中浪;常浪向为ESE,次常浪向为E和SE;强浪向为SSE,次强浪向为SE。波浪平均持续时间和波高之间符合指数衰减关系。台风“利奇马”影响期间,最大谱峰56.20 m2/Hz,台风浪谱型以双峰谱为主,台风浪类型经历了涌浪—混合浪—风浪—混合浪—涌浪这一演变过程。 相似文献
13.
基于多普勒天气雷达、区域气象观测站、常规观测和NCEP再分析数据等,利用三维雷达拼图技术对2018年第18号台风"温比亚"造成的山东暴雨中尺度特征进行分析。研究表明:台风"温比亚"造成的山东暴雨,不同阶段雨强特征有较大差异,长时间强降雨是造成灾害性暴雨的主要因素;此次台风暴雨雨团具有很强的移动特征,是否形成"列车效应"是造成灾害性暴雨的重要因素;雷达三维拼图数据可以清晰识别和分析暴雨过程中尺度雨团的移动、合并和发展规律,这些对准确监测预报暴雨的发生至关重要。 相似文献
14.
Data of a comprehensive laboratory study on the coexistent system of wind waves and opposing swell (Mitsuyasu and Yoshida, 1989) have been reanalyzed to clarify the air-sea interaction phenomena under the coexistence of wind waves and swell. It is shown that the magnitude of the decay rate of swell due to an opposing wind is almost the same as that of the growth rate of swell caused by a following wind, as measured by Mitsuyasu and Honda (1982). The decay rate is much smaller than that obtained recently by Peirson et al. (2003), but the reason for the disagreement is not clear at present. The effect of an opposing swell on wind waves is very different from that of a following swell; wind waves are intensified by an opposing swell while they are attenuated by a following one. The phenomenon contradicts the model of Phillips and Banner (1974), but the reason for this is not clear at this time. The high-frequency spectrum of wind waves shows a small increase of the spectral density. Wind shear stress increases a little due to the effect of opposing swell. The intensification of wind waves by opposing swell and the small increase of the spectral density in a high-frequency region can be attributed to the increase of wind shear stress. Such organized phenomena lead to the conclusion that the hypothesis of local equilibrium for pure wind waves (Toba, 1972) can also be satisfied for wind waves that coexist with opposing swell. The recent finding of Hanson and Phillips (1999) can be explained by this mechanism. 相似文献
15.
通过对0903号台风“莲花”在登陆福建晋江并沿着海岸线北上过程中的沿海自动站逐时实况风场资料的分析,研究了该台风的风结构状况,得到以下结论：（1）台风近中心最大风速预报值比实测风速偏小,台风7级风半径则比实际的偏大．（2）实测2min平均风速最大值（Vmax）总体上呈减弱趋势,与时间（t）的回归方程式为：Vmax=28．9—0．61t（n=16,r=0．78,r005=0．50）．（3）台风最大风速半径（R）呈逐渐扩大的趋势,与时间（t）的回归方程式为：R=28．28—4．98t＋0．67t。（n=16,r=0．95,r0.05=0．50）．（4）台风最大风速区位于台风后部．认识台风风结构,有助于不断地提高预报的准确性． 相似文献
16.
The swell reflection leads to problems in full scale conditions, shipping near seawalls and inside harbors, and for experiments in basins or channels, as well. Consequently, many studies were carried out to define wave absorbers with best efficiency. In this paper, the three main working principals of the wave absorbers, breaking waves, viscous dissipation resonating mechanism, are detailed to see how it is possible to enhance the efficiency. Through this analysis, a wave absorber made up of several superposed inclined planes in front of a wall is defined and its working principal is explained. Through experiments, it is shown that in spite of its short size its efficiency is one of the best compared to the more classical wave absorbers. Moreover, this superposed inclined planes wave absorber presents two main advantages: its short size and the possibility to be adjusted to the swell caracteristics, which make it interesting to be used in real scale and in laboratory environment, as well. 相似文献
17.
多普勒雷达资料在近海强台风模拟中的同化试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用中尺度数值模式(WRF),并同化了多普勒雷达反射率和径向速度资料以及非常规的观测资料,对近几年登陆于浙闽沿海的4例强台风进行了数值模拟。通过高时空分辨率的模拟结果对比分析表明:雷达资料的同化,对近海登陆台风路径和降水模拟以及中尺度降水特征都有进一步改进的效果;模拟较好的揭示了台风近中心螺旋云带中的强中尺度对流系统。通过模拟分析表明,在台风近中心的螺旋云带中,低层有一条强辐合线存在,它与实况多普勒雷达给出的低层平显(PPI)强度回波带有较好的对应关系,也与沿海地区中尺度暴雨系统紧密联系,并由此看到近海海域降水带和强对流区的存在。 相似文献
18.
19.
进一步研究强风条件下海-气湍流动量交换以及海浪特征,有助于提高数值天气模式对台风强度演变、移动路径以及恶劣海况的预报能力。依照前人的方法将台风分为风向与浪向(1)相同,(2)相反,和(3)交叉3个扇形区,并结合台风路径数据,得到了浮标数据相对于台风的方位。分别对3种类型的浮标数据进行分析,进而发现了波浪高度和相速度随风速增加而变化的规律。并利用GWW参数化方案计算出摩擦速度(u*)、拖曳系数(CDN)和粗糙长度(z0)。将这些结果与前人代表性的研究论文中所用观测数据和所得研究结论进行比较,结果表明二者有较强的一致性。该研究证明GWW参数化方案在强风条件下依然有很好的适用性。 相似文献
20.
Category 5 typhoon Megi was the most intense typhoon in 2010 of the world. It lingered in the South China Sea (SCS) for 5 d and caused a significant phytoplankton bloom detected by the satellite image. In this study, the authors investigated the ocean biological and physical responses to typhoon Megi by using chlorophylla (chla) concentration, sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height anomaly (SSHA), sea surface wind measurements derived from different satellites and in situ data. The chla concentration (>3 mg/m3) increased thirty times in the SCS after the typhoon passage in comparison with the mean level of October averaged from 2002 to 2009. With the relationship of wind stress curl and upwelling, the authors found that the speed of upwelling was over ten times during typhoon than pretyphoon period. Moreover, the mixed layer deepened about 20 m. These reveal that the enhancement of chla concentration was triggered by strong vertical mixing and upwelling. Along the track of typhoon, the maximum sea surface cooling (6-8℃) took place in the SCS where the moving speed of typhoon was only 1.4-2.8 m/s and the mixed layer depth was about 20 m in pretyphoon period. However, the SST drop at the east of the Philippines is only 1-2℃ where the translation speed of typhoon was 5.5-6.9 m/s and the mixed layer depth was about 40 m in pretyphoon period. So the extent of the SST drop was probably due to the moving speed of typhoon and the depth of the mixed layer. In addition, the region with the largest decline of the sea surface height anomaly can indicate the location where the maximum cooling occurs. 相似文献