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1.
Qing Ma Yunliang Tan Zenghui Zhao Qiang Xu Jun Wang Ke Ding 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(18):563
One of the reasons for the failure of gob-side entry retaining under the hard roof and the soft floor is the lack of supporting strength at the end of the roadway and the breakdown of the coal wall when the roof is pressed. To this end, the supporting concept of “enhancing the support strength and realizing the cutting roof along the gob-side” was put forward and three roadside support schemes were designed. Taking the gob-side entry retaining in Binhu coal mine as an example, the three roadside support schemes were analyzed by numerical simulation and field monitoring. The analysis results show that the roadside support scheme of “anchorage cable + single hydraulic prop cut roof and anchor net retaining wall support” can effectively control the roof sinking of the roadway and realize the roof cutting. The research can provide a reference for roadside support of gob-side entry retaining in limestone roof and soft floor. 相似文献
2.
坚硬顶板条件下采煤工作面容易诱发冲击地压、煤与瓦斯突出、矿震及采空区飓风等动力灾害,严重威胁矿井的安全生产。基于裸眼分段压裂超前弱化模式,结合“压裂垮落体+煤柱+承重岩层”协同支撑理念,提出坚硬顶板分段压裂超前弱化解危技术。综合采用理论分析、技术研发、工程应用等方法,探索顶板分段压裂超前弱化解危机理,研究形成稳定协同支撑系统的定量判定公式,并在河东煤田保德煤矿开展工程应用。结果表明:根据判定公式可优选压裂目标层位,顶板分段水力压裂弱化技术实施过程中,最高压力22.43 MPa,破裂压降最大达6.17 MPa,单个钻场3个钻孔累计出现3.0 MPa以上压力降167次;根据压裂前后工作面来压情况可知,压裂后顶板来压步距、动载系数、来压均值分别降低35.02%、14.29%、13.87%,巷道变形得到有效控制,验证分段压裂能够形成人造协同支撑系统,实现坚硬顶板动力灾害的弱化解危。研究实践可为同类地质条件下顶板强矿压灾害防治提供技术借鉴。 相似文献
3.
Zhongchang Wang Xinping Guo Chuan Wang 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(6):3399-3409
To master the laws of strong strata behavior of Tashan coal mine under Carboniferous coal mining process, the laws of strong strata behavior in 8107 working face was measured and analyzed. It was shown that the average initial weighting step of 8107 working face was 59.4 m. The average periodic weighting step of main roof was 16.2 m. The maximum working resistance during periodic weighting was 14,711.1 kN. The maximum working resistance during non-periodic weighting was 11,339.9 kN. The average dynamic load factor K during periodic weighting was 1.31. The stress of coal column on the side of the goaf could be divided into four zones (stress stabilization zone, stress slow-increasing zone, significant—increasing stress zone, stress reduction zone) along the strike of 8107 working face. There was a peak of lateral support pressure along the trend of 8107 working face. And the peak position was biased to the side of return airway roadway. With the increase of the distance from the down-side of return airway, the pressure peak of the inner coal body along the strike of 8107 the working face increased and the peak position decreased from the coal wall. The peak stress of coal column tended to be close to the up-side of return airway. And the distance from the down-side of return airway for the peak of inner coal was larger than that for the peak of coal pillar. The peak position of abutment pressure of hard roof was in the range of 10–25 m in front of 8107 working face under full mechanized mining extra thickness coal seam conditions. The relative stress concentration coefficient of k was 1.3–6.5. The range of 10–25 m from the front of the working face to coal wall was stress reduction zone. And the influence range of abutment pressure was about 80 m. It was of great significance to the control and practice of the surrounding rock of the stope for the mining of the hard extra-thick coal seam. 相似文献
4.
深部急倾斜煤层由于受特殊的地质结构和高地应力影响,煤层巷道开挖后易出现地层错动、垮塌的特点,施工中冒顶、底臌现象异常突出,巷道支护极其困难。通过对新集三矿-700 m煤探巷道进行现场勘查与试验,针对该急倾斜软岩巷道变形非对称性,底臌严重、地层错动的破坏特点,提出了可缩性U型钢全断面封闭支护和非对称性预应力锚杆(索)支护的全新支护方案,通过大型有限元软件ABAQUS建立数值分析模型,与原支护方案进行了对比分析。研究表明,采用改进支护方案巷道底臌位移量减小了66%,最大拉应力从0.58 MPa减小到0.38 MPa,塑性区较原方案更小,支护结构受力更加均匀。其结果可为同类地质条件的巷道支护设计提供一定参考。 相似文献
5.
传统充填沿空留巷工艺繁琐﹑留巷速度慢,与现代化高强度开采要求不相适应,由此提出了切顶沿空成巷无煤柱开采新技术,其中关键参数设计是该技术的核心问题之一,对留巷的稳定性具有较大影响。以城郊煤矿21304工作面为研究背景,采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场试验等方法,对切顶沿空成巷关键参数进行了系统研究。基于岩石碎胀自承特性和围岩结构“S-R”稳定原理,推导出切顶高度﹑切顶角度的理论计算公式;建立了聚能爆破力学模型,并结合数值模拟和现场试验,确定了聚能爆破装药量及钻孔间距。研究结果表明：合理的切顶参数能够切断巷道顶板与采空区岩层间的力学关系,使采空区顶板沿切缝顺利垮落,碎胀的矸石可有效支撑上覆顶板,限制其回转下沉,减弱覆岩运动对留巷的扰动作用,沿空巷道围岩变形量明显减小。根据理论计算﹑数值分析和现场试验研究成果,确定了城郊煤矿21304工作面切顶沿空成巷关键参数,并在现场进行了应用,回采后沿空巷道侧向顶板能够迅速切落形成巷帮,留巷稳定后各项指标均能满足现场使用要求。 相似文献
6.
Baotang Shen 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(6):2225-2238
Roadway instability has always been a major concern in deep underground coal mines where the surrounding rock strata and coal seams are weak and the in situ stresses are high. Under the high overburden and tectonic stresses, roadways could collapse or experience excessive deformation, which not only endangers mining personnel but could also reduce the functionality of the roadway and halt production. This paper describes a case study on the stability of roadways in an underground coal mine in Shanxi Province, China. The mine was using a longwall method to extract coal at a depth of approximately 350 m. Both the coal seam and surrounding rock strata were extremely weak and vulnerable to weathering. Large roadway deformation and severe roadway instabilities had been experienced in the past, hence, an investigation of the roadway failure mechanism and new support designs were needed. This study started with an in situ stress measurement programme to determine the stress orientation and magnitude in the mine. It was found that the major horizontal stress was more than twice the vertical stress in the East–West direction, perpendicular to the gateroads of the longwall panel. The high horizontal stresses and low strength of coal and surrounding rock strata were the main causes of roadway instabilities. Detailed numerical modeling was conducted to evaluate the roadway stability and deformation under different roof support scenarios. Based on the modeling results, a new roadway support design was proposed, which included an optimal cable/bolt arrangement, full length grouting, and high pre-tensioning of bolts and cables. It was expected the new design could reduce the roadway deformation by 50 %. A field experiment using the new support design was carried out by the mine in a 100 m long roadway section. Detailed extensometry and stress monitorings were conducted in the experimental roadway section as well as sections using the old support design. The experimental section produced a much better roadway profile than the previous roadway sections. The monitoring data indicated that the roadway deformation in the experimental section was at least 40–50 % less than the previous sections. This case study demonstrated that through careful investigation and optimal support design, roadway stability in soft rock conditions can be significantly improved. 相似文献
7.
巷旁支护体稳定是沿空留巷成功的关键。通过建立沿空留巷上覆岩层结构力学模型,分析了巷旁支护体在3个阶段的受力和变形特征,得到了巷旁支护体的作用机制,即巷旁支护体设置后快速增阻,即时支撑巷内顶板,工作面后方周期来压前达到切顶阻力切落采空区一定高度的顶板,上覆岩层剧烈活动稳定前有较大的变形能力及稳定后有较高的后期强度。在上述研究的基础上,以九里山矿24021工作面沿空留巷为工程背景,在巷内支护和巷旁充填材料确定的情况下,采用数值模拟方法分析了不同巷旁支护体宽度时的沿空留巷维护效果,确定了合理的巷旁支护体宽度。该研究成果成功应用于工程实践。 相似文献
8.
Tao Zhigang Zhao Fei Wang Hongjian Zhang Haijiang Peng Yanyan 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(15):341
Bolt supporting is a major technology used in highly stressed surrounding rock support. Although significant developments of new patterns of bolts have been documented, the stiffness problem which causes the bolt to cannot adapt to the large deformation of surrounding rock was still unsolved. Hence, a novel bolt with constant working resistance and steady large deformation was developed to bear creep deformation and impact load. The constant resistance large deformation bolt (CRLD bolt) was composed of constant resistance element, bolt rod, baffle plate, and tightening nut, which would efficiently control the engineering disasters such as collapse and rock blast. The results of static tensile tests indicated that the CRLD bolt could provide constant resistance ranging from 120 to 130 kN, and the maximal elongation length was 1100 mm without bolt breaking at tensile rate of 10, 20, and 100 mm/s, respectively. Tensile rate has no obvious relationship with constant resistance force. Dynamical impact tests showed that bolt resistance property and its absorption capacity of impact energy were stable, and the dynamic constant resistance changed from 90 to 120 kN, with the impacting height for drop hammers of 10 and 1000 mm. It has also been proved that this kind of bolt has good performance in practical application such as in Qing Shui coal mine. The in situ monitoring results indicate that the CRLD bolt is able to retain rock mass stability and prevent the surrounding rocks from being destructed due to its large-scale deformation. Overall, CRLD bolt is suitable for large deformation, constant resistance, and energy absorption. 相似文献
9.
深部厚顶煤巷道围岩变形破坏机制模型试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究深部厚顶煤巷道围岩变形破坏特性及其机制,以赵楼煤矿千米深井厚顶煤巷道为工程背景,开展了大比尺地质力学模型试验,对让压型锚索箱梁支护系统作用下的巷道围岩位移、应力演化规律进行的研究表明：巷道顶底板围岩竖向应力释放较两帮剧烈,水平应力释放反之,巷道顶板中部围岩是顶板竖向应力释放的主要部位。通过与现场试验结果对比验证,总结出深部厚顶煤巷道围岩变形破坏的3个主要特征：顶板变形破坏较两帮和底板严重、顶板围岩变形破坏主要发生在煤岩交界面以下的煤体中、巷中是顶板变形破坏的关键部位,并进一步分析了相应机制：顶板煤岩松软破碎、自承能力差、顶板及其巷中竖向应力释放相对更为剧烈、矩形巷道顶板受力状态差等因素,导致顶煤所受径向应力低,碎胀变形剧烈,且弯曲变形、离层严重,顶板受力结构恶化,最终导致顶板控制困难。 相似文献
10.
煤层顶板为弱胶结岩体时稳定性差,常在煤炭回采过程中或巷道掘进时发生大变形或失稳等现象,维护难度较大。针对煤巷弱胶结粉砂岩顶板力学特征与变形控制等问题,以广西林场煤矿煤巷弱胶结粉砂岩顶板支护工程为工程背景,采用现场调研、实验室试验、理论分析等方法进行研究。通过现场调研,发现研究巷道有顶板岩层自承能力差、受水环境影响、支护结构失效率高、底板受水影响底鼓量大、受采动影响等特征;顶板岩石点荷载试验表明,其单轴抗压强度仅为1.9～ 2.3 MPa,采用电镜扫描发现,弱胶结粉砂岩以粗粒矿物为骨架;在普氏理论的基础上,推导了巷道顶板和两帮承压极限表达式,提出了提高巷道围岩整体强度和承载能力、确定合理的锚杆支护参数、顶板设计锚索加强支护等弱胶结巷道围岩控制要点。依据试验分析与理论研究成果,提出了以注浆加固为基础,锚杆和锚索联合支护的控制方案,并在林场煤矿进行了工业性试验。现场监测数据表明,设计的支护方案可以有效地控制煤巷弱胶结粉砂岩顶板变形。 相似文献
11.
为解决超长工作面过大断面空巷极易发生片帮和大面积冒顶等难题,以晋城成庄矿某超长工作面为背景,建立大断面空巷的三维模型,将工作面顶板划分为煤柱顶板、空巷顶板和待采区顶板3部分。通过理论分析,推导了煤柱失稳的判据,并利用FLAC3D数值模拟分析了大断面空巷顶板应力演化过程。结果表明:煤柱宽度W≤40 m时,工作面超前支承应力与空巷超前支承应力在煤柱上叠加,煤柱开始发生塑性变形;W≤10 m时,煤柱顶板应力逐渐达到峰值16.6 MPa,煤柱发生破坏并失去承载能力,工作面超前支承应力向待采区转移,空巷顶板应力达到峰值12.7 MPa。根据空巷顶板应力演化规律,确定高水材料充填支柱支护的合理强度及空巷两帮煤壁注浆加固的时机,辅以空巷锚索梁补强,提出了大断面空巷综合治理措施,现场应用效果良好。 相似文献
12.
鲁中小官庄铁矿由于埋藏深、地压大、矿体倾角比较缓、矿岩破碎,是国内有名的难采矿山之一。进路开挖以后支护巷道破坏严重,其围岩变形为无收敛变形,也是国内支护较难的矿山之一。针对小官庄铁矿情况,为掌握其地压活动规律,应用东北大学岩石破裂过程分析系统（RFPA）,模拟其采用无底柱分段崩落法进路开挖过程,对进路开挖过程巷道围岩应力变化进行数值分析。发现随着进路开挖,导致进路出现片帮、底鼓、顶板下沉等现象,并且在矿岩接触带出现高应力集中,导致两进路之间的间柱破坏严重,并随着进路开挖应力逐步向新开挖两进路之间的间柱转移,开挖顺序造成边界矿体出现高应力集中,导致边界矿体难采。数值分析结果可以看出：进路的开挖顺序是导致小官庄铁矿进路围岩破坏的一个主要原因。 相似文献
13.
针对深部厚顶煤巷道围岩变形特点,以“先控后让再抗”为支护理念,设计了让压型锚索箱梁支护系统横梁、纵向单梁、纵向双梁及纵横组合4种不同布置方式的支护方案。数值试验结果表明,纵横组合方案具有最好的围岩控制效果,横梁方案支护效果相对较差。对让压型锚索箱梁支护系统的4种方案进行了现场试验,监测结果显示,纵横组合方案作用下的围岩变形量最小,其两帮移近量和顶板沉降量仅为120 mm和90 mm,同时该方案支护反力最大;锚杆、锚索受力与巷道围岩控制效果相对应,且锚索让压环作用明显;设计制作的测力箱梁监测表明,箱型支护梁受力合理协调,材料性能发挥充分。对让压型锚索箱梁支护系统及其不同布置方案的作用机制进行了探讨。综合分析表明,深部厚顶煤巷道中,优先选用让压型锚索箱梁支护系统中的纵横组合与纵向单梁方案,可有效地控制巷道围岩变形,满足支护要求。 相似文献
14.
确定合理的区段煤柱宽度及巷道支护型式和参数,对于提高资源回采率和巷道安全性及实现综放开采高产高效意义重大。以王家岭煤矿20103区段运输平巷为工程背景,采用FLAC3D数值分析了不同煤柱宽度下围岩主应力差、变形及破坏演化规律,认为合理煤柱宽度为6～10 m,并结合实际地质和生产条件确定试验巷道煤柱宽度为8 m。采用理论分析和现场钻孔窥视方法综合确定基本顶断裂线位于距采空区约7 m处,认为由于综放沿空巷道围岩性质结构和应力分布沿巷道中心线呈明显非对称性,将引发煤柱侧顶板严重下沉和肩角部位煤岩体错位、嵌入、台阶下沉等非对称破坏特征,靠煤柱侧顶板及肩角部位是巷道变形破坏的关键部位。在此研究基础上,针对性地提出了以高强锚梁网、不对称锚梁、锚索桁架为主体的综合控制技术,详细阐明了具体支护措施的控制机制,并进行现场应用。工程实践表明,8 m煤柱宽度合理,该支护技术能够保证窄煤柱沿空巷道围岩稳定,并已在王家岭煤矿大面积推广应用,对类似工程条件的支护技术具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。 相似文献
15.
通过对蒋家河煤矿ZF1404工作面巷道变形特征的分析,初步总结出了彬长矿区巷道变形的影响因素:应力场的不均衡分布为控制因素;软岩底板、厚度不均、埋深较大和倾角较小为内在因素;矿山压力、顶板淋水和软岩遇水膨胀为直接因素;采动影响为间接因素。变形严重区位于赵坡向斜轴部及两侧。结合实际生产过程中采取的巷道维护措施,认为合理规划采掘布局和采掘接替、合理留设护底煤、不同区段采取不同的支护措施、及时抽排工作面涌水等治理措施能有效防止软底巷道变形,确保该工作面正常安全生产,具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
16.
岩石的赋存环境及结构特征决定了岩石的强度准则,从而影响围岩的力学特征与变形特性。依托云南某矿山深部接替工程,以岩石强度准则为基础,分析围岩力学及变形特性,对巷道合理二次支护时机进行研究,以降低深部巷道高地应力环境下围岩呈现出的明显流变性能对巷道支护效果的影响。结果表明:以偏差绝对值之和为目标得出广义H-B准则平均拟合偏差mf最小;对摆佐组围岩进行力学及变形特性分析,最大塑性区半径及范围、最大巷道周边位移随围岩应力的增加近似呈线性增加,且随支护阻力增大逐渐减小;原岩应力大于36 MPa时,围岩流变现象显著,围岩应力增至51 MPa时,随支护阻力增加,巷道周边位移降低明显,但收敛变缓;引入蠕变损伤变量,以稳定蠕变速率为判据,得出当前巷道围岩应力41.5 MPa下巷道合理二次支护时机为开挖后133 h。 相似文献
17.
In a shallow-buried coal mine, the original support scheme of large crossheading has features of excessive strength and resource waste. Firstly, various optimization schemes are obtained through permutation and combination, and verified through numerical simulation. Additionally, under the premise of ensuring safety and economy, the optimal scheme is determined as A3B3: For the roof support, there are 5 rockbolts in each row, with spacing of 1100 × 1000 mm. Row-spacing between anchor cables is 2200 × 2000 mm. There is 1 bolt per row for each sidewall, 1050 mm from the roof and with the spacing of 1400 mm. In order to study the evolution of lateral abutment pressure during the dynamic load stage, FLAC3D was applied. The plastic zone range from coal seam excavation to model equilibrium is analyzed. Finally, the rationality of the design is verified by analyzing the observed of borehole television and roadway displacement.
相似文献18.
软岩巷道顶、帮、底全支全让O型控制力学模型及工程实践 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
软弱岩体的阶段性、持续性流变,导致软岩巷道围岩深度破坏和支护失效。软岩巷道顶、帮、底三者在围岩系统稳定过程中所起的作用不同,软岩巷道围岩稳定性控制应做到整体性和协调性支护。在分析巷道顶、帮、底相互作用效应基础上,针对软岩巷道强流变四周均表现出大变形的破坏特征,提出了全断面、全支全让O型封闭控制的支护原理。该原理强调,开挖初期就应对软岩巷道顶、帮、底全断面进行强力支护,同时全断面又适时让压,在高阻支护力作用下又能适当释放围岩应力,达到对软岩巷道的整体性和协调性控制。通过力学模型对软岩巷道围岩塑性区范围和表面位移与支护力的作用关系进行了分析计算,得出巷道围岩变形破坏与支护力呈负相关关系。工程实践表明,采用该支护原理有效控制了深部软岩巷道的大变形。研究成果对类似工程实践具有一定的参考借鉴价值。 相似文献
19.
Jun-wen Zhang Hai-long Wang Shao-jie Chen 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(1):235-245
2351 working face with paste backfill method of Daizhuang coal mine in eastern China is selected as engineering background, bearing characteristics of backfill body and supporting intensity of hydraulic support during coal pillar mining with paste backfill are researched. Researches show that: Even if the confining pressure is only 1 Mpa, the paste backfill material shows typical plasticity hardening. The overlying strata of working face with paste backfill method include fractured zone, continuous deformation zone, don’t include caved zone. The distribution of vertical stress above the backfill body is not a horizontal line nor presents saddle-shaped, but presents a wave distribution. The stress above backfill body does not appear abrupt change but tends to be increasing at first and stable at last. The mechanical model of roof stability during coal pillar mining with paste backfill is built, and the mechanics related formula of supporting intensity is also concluded. The hydraulic supports used in 2351 working face can control the roof subsidence effectively, but the efficiency of hydraulic supports is lower, which should be optimized properly. 相似文献