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双齿围沙蚕的人工育苗技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
报道了2003年5月1日~6月25日在玉环县东方海洋生物有限公司育苗厂80 m2的水泥池中育出平均体长2.34 cm的双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensisGrube)幼体13.16kg,并对双齿围沙蚕疣足幼虫进行了不同生态条件的单因子试验。结果表明,适宜的温度为24~26℃;盐度的适合范围为15.0~34.8,最适21.6;饵料以球等鞭金藻和混合藻(角毛藻 扁藻 微绿球藻)为佳,球等鞭金藻的密度以20×104个/mL组效果最佳;4刚疣足幼体起投细砂效果明显优于其它组。 相似文献
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大亚湾核电站邻近水域桡足幼体现场摄食研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
桡足类种类多、数量大、分布广, 在食物链中处于中间环节, 对海洋生态系统的结构稳定起着重要作用。桡足类幼体获取的营养直接影响其发育, 进而影响桡足类成体补充乃至种群的稳定。本研究于2015年夏季分别在大亚湾核电站邻近海域S1 (进水口水域)和S2 (排水口水域)站进行了调查采样, 应用分子生物学方法检测了桡足幼体现场摄食食物组成。结果显示: 1)两个站的桡足幼体内共检测到16种不同食物, 包括浮游植物(硅藻)11种, 后生动物2种、真菌、Ichthyosporea 和卵菌类各1种共5大类, 其中硅藻(47.30%, 克隆数百分比, 下同)和被囊动物类后生动物(41.89%)是其主要的食物类群; 2)在S1和S2站桡足幼体内分别检测到9种和10种食物, 但主要食物类型有差异, S1站较多后生动物(61.54%), 而S2站较多硅藻(68.57%); 3) S2站的桡足幼体杂食偏植食程度更高, 其杂食性系数(0.31)低于S1站(0.72)。结果表明, 桡足幼体能根据食物环境有选择地摄食植物饵料和动物饵料, 调节食物营养结构; 温排水影响水域桡足幼体更偏向植食性, 尤其是硅藻, 暗示全球变暖可能导致桡足幼体食性偏移。 相似文献
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每天从锯缘青蟹育苗池采集幼体,在实验室内依平衡法测定从孵化至大眼幼体各天青蟹幼体的摄食率,并同时测定青蟹幼体每天的干重和比能值,比较研究了饵料密度对青蟹不同发育阶段幼体摄食的影响,以及幼体蜕皮周期内摄食的变化。结果表明,轮虫是青蟹蚤状幼体(Z)Ⅰ期(Z1)和Ⅱ期(Z2)适宜的饵料,卤虫无节幼虫是青蟹幼体生长发育主要的能量来源,占整个幼体发育期摄入能量的96·48%。以干重和能量表示的青蟹幼体摄食率(CDW和CJ)随幼体蜕皮发育呈指数增长[CDW=13·463e0·8283(d 1)(r2=0·927),p<0·01;CJ=0·4018e0·7516(d 1)(r2=0·956),p<0·01];青蟹大眼幼体摄食强度显著上升,摄入能量高达整个幼体发育期摄入能量的77·25%。Z1、Z2期为被动摄食,青蟹幼体主动摄食的能力随幼体发育而逐渐提高,大眼幼体为主动摄食。锯缘青蟹各期幼体蜕皮周期内摄食率的变化是:Z1→Z4期蜕皮后上升,蜕皮前稍微下降;Z5期蜕皮后和蜕皮前较高,蜕皮间较低。Z5期日粮水平最低;青蟹大眼幼体期有2个摄食峰值,变化不规则。 相似文献
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南黄海浮游动物群落结构研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
根据2014年春、秋季南黄海16个站位的生物样品进行了浮游动物群落结构研究。共鉴定出99种浮游动物,其中春季68种,秋季78种。除浮游幼虫外,种类较多的类群是桡足类(34种,占总种类数的34.3%)、水螅水母(13种,13.1%)和端足类(5种,5.0%)。春季优势种为夜光虫(Y=0.259 7)、桡足幼体(Y=0.135 3)、拟长腹剑水蚤(Y=0.060 8)和伪长腹剑水蚤(Y=0.022 4),秋季时桡足幼体(Y=0.335 9)、伪长腹剑水蚤(Y=0.115 7)、强额拟哲水蚤(Y=0.053 3)、桡足类无节幼虫(Y=0.051 4)和拟长腹剑水蚤(Y=0.041 0)是优势种。春季浮游动物平均生物量为1 555.1 mg/m~3,秋季为425.8 mg/m~3。春季平均丰度为9 551.4个/m~3,秋季为2 103.7个/m~3。秋季香农-威纳指数、丰富度和均匀度结果皆比春季的高。浮游动物生物量与温度和水深相关性更高;丰度和温度相关性最高,其次和水深相关。 相似文献
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对绒螯近方蟹(Hemigrapsuspenicillatus)的生态习性和繁殖生物学进行了初步的调查和实验研究。雌性、雄性甲宽与体重的关系分别为W♀=0.6056×L2.9806(n=132,r=0.96),W♂=0.5893×L3.1215(n=50,r=0.97)。抱卵量与甲宽的关系为Q=865.82L-7275(r=0.97)。幼体发育分为5期状幼体和1期大眼幼体。胚胎、状幼体和大眼幼体的发育积温分别为219.4℃,226.35℃,49.3℃(以12℃为生物学零度)。 相似文献
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食物资源不足条件下螯足数量对三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)摄食行为和种内竞食能力的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
鉴于池塘养殖条件下三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)种内相残现象严重,螯足缺失率较高之实际。本研究对三疣梭子蟹的螯足进行了缺失处理,设置了无螯组(C0)、1螯足组(C1)和2螯足组(C2),在实验室内食物资源不足条件下,探讨了螯足数量(螯足缺失)对三疣梭子蟹摄食行为和竞食能力的影响。结果表明:(1)螯足数量对三疣梭子蟹的索食时间无显著影响(P0.05);(2)缺失螯足(C1,C2组)的三疣梭子蟹均可正常摄食,其中C0组蟹可用第一步足代替螯足抱持食物,将食物送入口中,表现出明显的行为补偿策略,但其啃食速度较慢,啃食耗时是C2组蟹的2倍;(3)C0、C1、C2组三疣梭子蟹均有部分个体同时抢占2份食物,其比率与个体具有的螯足数量有关,螯足越多,同时抢占2份食物的比率越高,其中C2组中有20%个体同时抢占了2份食物,而C0组仅有3%个体同时抢占了2份食物;(4)从螯足数量不同的三疣梭子蟹遭同类抢食的次数、比率来看,螯足数量越多的三疣梭子蟹,抢食欲望、抢食能力越强,而且更趋向向双螯均缺失个体发起抢夺性攻击,表现出明显的"强欺弱"现象;(5)螯足缺失直接影响了三疣梭子蟹对食物的保护,其中C0组中50%个体持有的食物可被同类抢走。整体上,缺失单个螯足对三疣梭子蟹摄食和竞食行为的影响不大,而缺失双螯将严重影响了三疣梭子蟹的摄食和竞食能力。 相似文献
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7月龄方斑东风螺形态性状对体质量的通径分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探明方斑东风螺(Babylonia areolata)形态性状对体质量的影响程度,对7月龄方斑东风螺的体质量(Y)和11个(X_1-X_(11))形态性状进行了测量。结果显示,7月龄方斑东风螺体质量与各形态性状间呈正相关,相关系数均达到极显著水平(P0.01);通径分析发现壳宽(X_2)对体质量的直接作用最大(0.373),其次为体螺层高(X_7)、壳口高(X_3),而次螺层宽(X_(10))主要通过X_2、X_3及X_7间接影响体质量;决定系数分析显示,这4个性状对体质量的共同决定系数之和为0.852,说明体质量主要受这些性状的影响;经多元回归分析,建立了7月龄方斑东风螺形态性状对体质量的回归方程。将回归方程中的X_2、X_3、X_7和X_(10)等4个形态性状与体质量分别进行模型拟合,最优拟合模型分别为:Y=0.0034X_2~(2.5128),Y=0.0034X_3~(2.4349),Y=0.0015X_7~(2.5967),Y=-6.4964+1.3293X_(10)。 相似文献
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2005年4月以三疣梭子蟹各期幼体为实验动物,开展了短期停食对三疣梭子蟹幼体存活与变态影响试验.结果表明:完全停食处理条件下三疣梭子蟹各期幼体的平均全致死时间按发育先后次序(Z1,Z2,Z2,Z4,M)依次为81,120,141,162和200 h,平均半致死时间为39,66,90,64和174h;短期停食后恢复正常给饵条件下三疣梭子蟹各期幼体停食处理后的变态临界点按发育先后次序依次为停食处理后的33,57,69,54和150 h;单次停食时间在变态临界点内,先停食后正常给饵与"给饵+停食"循环两处理模式中各期幼体的存活率和变态率均随着停食时间的延长而下降,幼体变态所需时间和变态后个体死亡率也分别随之延长和增加,其中Z1停食3 h组与"给饵3 h+停食3 h"循环组、Z2停食4 h组与"给饵4 h+停食4 h"循环组、Z3停食4.5 h组与"给饵4.5 h+停食4.5 h"循环组,Z4停食6 h组与"给饵6 h+停食6 h"循环组、M停食7.5 h组、停食15 h组以及"给饵7.5 h+停食7.5 h"循环组均与对照组无差异.最后,还分别就三疣梭子蟹各期幼体停食处理极限值和限食处理总实验时间的确定、短期停食胁迫对三疣梭子蟹幼体的存活与变态特征以及三疣梭子蟹各期幼体的补偿生长水平及其应用等进行了分析与探讨. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges. 相似文献
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A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage. 相似文献
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利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is 相似文献
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Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):181-203
Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established. 相似文献