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低频地震震源技术在野外地震调查中起着举足轻重的作用,特别是在南海北部海域油气勘探目标埋藏深的条件下,如何改善中生界地层成像效果至关重要。文中通过对"立体"结构低频震源技术的研究,结合海上试验的数据结果,综合分析了立体低频震源的频带宽度较常规震源相比有所拓宽,在抗噪和信噪比方面也有较大优势,这些关键参数的提高,有助于获得较强的中深部有效反射信号,增强信噪比,提高中生界地震采集的野外资料的总体质量和后期解释。因此,通过研究,可以选择设计最佳的组合方案,为南海北部海域油气资源调查提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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在探讨南海北部中生界地震地质条件基础上,我们发现中生界调查的难点在于中深层反射波比较微弱,而解决此问题的一个重要方法就是对现有震源进行重新设计,增强其输出能量,并加大其在低频端的能量输出。结合前期研究成果,总结分析历年在南海北部海域采用的地震震源参数,对几种震源类型进行低频组合,设计出低频震源组合两套,并在野外进行试验和采集,以获得南海北部中生界地震勘探的有效突破。 相似文献
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海洋地震勘探中，多震源同时激发的高效采集方法越来越受到油公司的青睐，该采集技术可提高施工效率，极大降低勘探成本，通过增加炮点密度提高地震勘探采集效果。但是，这种采集方式也面临着震源高效激发混合采集带来混叠噪声的挑战。作为实际采集试验的有效替代，采用波动方程模拟海上宽方位采集地震数据，仿真多船4震源高效激发的宽方位高效采集模拟记录，探索提出有效分离高效采集混叠记录的方法和流程。通过对模拟数据的处理，有效分离了高效激发混合采集带来的多震源能量的干涉，为海上高效采集生产推广探明了方向。 相似文献
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海洋高分辨率地震调查主要受震源系统、接收系统、缆源的调谐组合技术、地震记录系统和野外作业条件的影响。缆源的调谐组合技术是整个方法研究最为关键的环节之一。通过对“电缆、震源的沉放深度”等野外参数的合理组合,达到最理想的勘探效果。受地震勘探中“鬼波效应”的影响,缆源的调谐组合参数与地震系统的接收频率直接相关,对地震调查资料影响很大。文中从地震系统的滤波效应、直达波与鬼波传播路径及时间差及野外资料的处理对比和理论计算,分析了直达波和鬼波的综合效应,结果表明理论与实际资料在陷波点及幅频特性方面非常一致。研究结果在“海洋天然气水合物调查”项目中得到了应用,对缆源沉放深度的确定具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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小道距高分辨率多道地震对天然气水合物勘查的适用性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《海洋地质前沿》2015,(6)
在海底以下100~1 100m的沉积层的地质勘探中,小道距高分辨率多道地震勘探可以获得高信噪比、高分辨率的地震资料。选取合适的地震采集参数,小道距高分辨率多道地震采集技术同样适用于天然气水合物勘查,针对水合物勘探选取合适的地震采集和地震处理参数,可以提高浅部地层分辨率和水合物识别精度。海上地震采集参数设置是非常重要的,尤其是高的采样率为后续地震数据处理,提高剖面分辨率提供了可能。 相似文献
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凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）在不同盐度（4，18，32）和温度（22-26℃）水体中养殖，分别于1，5，15和30d后取样，进行不同盐度下凡纳滨对虾血淋巴免疫生理指标比较。结果表明：盐度对凡纳滨对虾血淋巴酚氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶、酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活力均有显著影响（P〈0．05）。盐度由32渐变至设定盐度后，实验前期（15d之内），盐度4和18组凡纳滨对虾上述各项指标均呈现一定的波动趋势，至15d后趋于稳定；盐度32组在整个实验过程中基本稳定。稳定后的各项指标均表现在盐度18时最高，盐度4时次之，盐度32时最低。 相似文献
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In this study, the seasonal variations in the morphometric features and in the cellular and biochemical parameters of the haemolymph were investigated in both male and female crabs (Carcinus aestuarii). Crabs were seasonally (November 2010–August 2011) collected from the Lagoon of Venice, and the moult stage, weight, width and length of the carapace, and width and length of the bigger chela were evaluated. In addition, the total haemocyte count (THC), haemocyte diameter and volume, haemolymph glucose and total protein levels, and haemolymph phenoloxidase (PO) and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG) activities were measured. The results demonstrated that the collected crabs were all in the intermoult stage and that the males were bigger than the females. A two-way ANOVA revealed a significant effect of season on the THC and the haemocyte volume and a significant influence of gender on the haemocyte diameter. Season and gender significantly affected the haemolymph glucose concentration, whereas haemolymph protein levels were dependent only on the season. In addition, both season and gender significantly influenced the PO and NAG activities in the haemolymph. Overall, the results demonstrated that crab morphometric features as well as haemolymph cellular and biochemical parameters varied markedly as a function of both season and gender. 相似文献
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Ashok S. Patwardhan I. M. Idriss John M. Hobgood Ram B. Kulkarni K. Sadigh 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(3):243-267
Abstract The characterization of earthquake sources in the Gulf of Alaska and the relative significance of earthquake sources for establishing seismic design inputs at a typical site for engineering purposes are discussed. Earthquake sources in the complex tectonic environment can be divided into two groups: (a) a subduction zone that underlies the entire region (maximum magnitude M = 8.5); and (b) individual thrust and strike‐slip faults associated with the plate motions (maximum magnitude M = 6 to 7.5). The sources of either group and individual earthquake events can be represented as planar surfaces for consistency with the physical process and a mathematically tractable computational scheme. Although the area is very active seismically, the degree of activity of individual sources varies significantly. Therefore, even for sources with the same maximum earthquakes, different magnitudes may apply for a selected design return period. The area is considered to be a “seismic gap.”; No great earthquakes have occurred in nearly 80 years. Estimates based on a temporally varying seismic function such as the semi‐Markov model indicate that the probability of occurrence of a great earthquake in the near future is significantly higher than the average probability inferred from a statistical analysis of historical seismicity data of the entire region. Separate attenuation relationships should be used for calculating ground motions due to earthquakes on the dipping subduction zone in the northern portion of the gulf. The dominant earthquake source for almost the entire Gulf of Alaska region is the subduction zone that contributes over 80 percent of the seismic exposure at a typical site. The dominant magnitude range is Ms = 6.5 to 7.5. “Gap filling”; earthquakes (Ms = 7.5 to 8.25) contribute a little over a third of the seismic exposure at a typical site. Deterministic assessments of ground motion values using the maximum earthquake on the subduction zone at the closest distance yield values significantly higher than those calculated for even 500‐year return periods. Estimated 100‐year return period accelerations in the area range from 180 to 340 cm/sec2. 相似文献
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南黄海春季海水化学要素的分布特征及其受控因素 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于2007年4月对南黄海调查所得资料,对海水化学要素的分布特征及影响因素进行了探讨。结果表明,受浮游植物光合作用的影响,南黄海中北部上层海域出现了DO、pH的高值区以及营养盐的低值区,而底层则因有机物的分解,DO和pH较低而营养盐含量较高;受苏北沿岸水、长江冲淡水和/或台湾暖流前缘混合水的影响,南黄海西南部海域表、底层DO含量均较低,但却为营养盐的最高值区,且表层水中无机氮盈余状况的分布与该海域环流状况、尤其是苏北沿岸水的扩展途径密切相关,表现为无机氮相对过剩,而无机磷相对缺乏;南黄海西部沿岸流对营养盐往东南方向的输运态势较为明显,同时,首次从营养盐分布的角度揭示了这一水动力过程;受苏北沿岸水、黄海暖流以及两者之间的南黄海西部沿岸流主体的影响,南黄海斜断面上海水化学要素的分布具有明显的区域化特征和空间结构。 相似文献
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借助冲绳海槽火山岩地球化学分析结果,讨论了海槽不同区段岩浆的温度、压力、密度和黏度等物理化学参数,以确定海槽岩浆的物理性质及其对海槽不同区段岩浆演化过程的影响.海槽北段的岩浆相对于中段表现出高压力、低温度的特征.由于海槽岩浆挥发分含量较高,北段岩浆的密度和黏度要高于中段的.但总的来说,海槽岩浆具有低密度、低黏度的特点,因此岩浆更容易穿透岩石圈,而且有利于岩浆结晶分异作用的进行.对海槽岩浆相对运移速度的研究显示,在外部条件及含水量相同的前提下,在海槽中段岩浆上升速度要大于北段的,这从岩浆物理化学性质的角度解释了为何海槽中段火山活动要强于北段的. 相似文献
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夏季南黄海海水化学要素的分布特征及影响因素 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
基于2006年7月对南黄海调查所得资料,对南黄海海水化学要素的分布特征及影响因素进行了探讨.结果表明:(1) 调查海域底层122°E～123°E,33°N以南范围内存在明显的DO亏损现象,证实了长江口外低氧区向南黄海的扩展态势.(2) 南黄海西南部上层水体中的营养盐主要来源于长江冲淡水及苏北沿岸流的输运,且营养盐与盐度之间呈较好的负相关,具有一定的保守性,同时发现表层无机氮盈余状况的分布与该海域环流的扩展途径密切相关;南黄海西南部底层东北向的高营养盐水舌是长江冲淡水、台湾暖流前缘水以及底层有机物分解释放营养盐综合作用的结果;南黄海冷水域因有机物分解而积聚了大量营养盐.(3) 根据南黄海冷水域海水化学要素的断面分布,指出自DO最大值层开始产生至观测之时该层之下、真光层以内光合作用产氧在温跃层下界的积累和保存在氧最大值形成过程中具有极其重要的作用. 相似文献
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深海扬矿泵导叶结构中粗颗粒运动特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
扬矿泵作为深海采矿水力提升系统中的关键设备,其设计参数对安全、高效输送矿石有着重要作用。通过对扬矿泵导叶区域中的颗粒进行受力分析,建立受力方程和运动方程,从扬矿泵结构参数和输送参数两个方面来研究颗粒在扬矿泵导叶中的运动情况。研究结果表明:1)当颗粒粒径一定的条件下,相比于25°和30°的导叶进口安放角θ,15°~20°时颗粒将在更短的时间内以更快的速度与导叶壁面发生碰撞,这样对导叶的磨损更严重,但当θ大于25°时,导叶曲面弯曲过急,不利于颗粒过泵,因此,在此研究中选择导叶进口安放角为25°较合适;2)流道宽度小于3d_(max),颗粒与导叶碰撞位置越靠近导叶进口,碰撞时颗粒的速度越大,对泵的磨损越严重,流道宽度大于3d_(max),导叶的导流效果降低,综合考虑,选择流道宽度为3 d_(max)较佳;3)当水流速度在2~5 m/s时,颗粒与导叶碰撞瞬间,水流速度大的工况下,颗粒会以更大的速度与导叶碰撞,这样对机械的磨损更严重;4)细颗粒不容易与导叶碰撞,同一流速下,粒径越大的颗粒在导叶中的停留时间越长,会增加堵泵的概率。 相似文献
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工程设计Weibull分布参数拟合的改进方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
董胜 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1999,(1)
图解法是求解Ｗｅｉｂｕｌ分布中３个可调参数的传统方法。但参数的推求过程要图解试求,反复调整,最后结果往往不是最佳拟合参数;线性最小二乘法是最近几年提出的一种求解Ｗｅｉｂｕｌ分布参数的方法,但其精度受位置参数初始迭代值的影响很大。文中运用麦奎尔特法推求Ｗｅｉｂｕｌ分布的参数,实现了参数推求的一举寻优。算例表明,拟合方法可行实用,拟合精度明显提高。 相似文献
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Terrestrial faulted lacustrine basins usually have large variabilities in structural subsidence and multiple river sources. The facies in such basins are thus characterised by frequently changed facies and complex relationship of overlapped sand bodies (e.g. Liaoxi Depression of Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea, China). Therefore, it's a great challenge to quantitatively describe evolution of sand bodies and their overlap relationship. In this study a three-dimensional stratigraphic forward model is used to solve this problem, which is corrected according to well log data. After the parameter optimization was verified against borehole strata thickness and lithology, this model had a thickness error within 8%, and the lithology distribution agreed with the well data as a whole.Four evolution phases of the Shahejie 3 Formation were recognised through the modeling. In the first phase, the lake level rose, and the eastern fan delta sand developed. In the second phase, the fan delta sand scaled up, and the braided river delta front sand developed at a small scale. In the third phase, the lake level shifted from falling to rising, the fan delta sand further expanded the scale, and the braided river delta developed at a large scale. Sands on both sides overlapped at a large scale. In the fourth phase, the lake level rose, the lake basin expanded, and lake shale was the main lithology in the study area. From the sedimentary evolution of Es3 formation, sand overlapped in the third stage. In 39.75 Ma, two parts of the sand body began to overlap and reached largest scale in 39.6 Ma, which was approximately 10 km2. Both then retrograded to a separation in 39 Ma when the overlap ended.Coupling stratigraphic forward simulation with uncertainty quantification allowed us to estimate the influence of each stratigraphic parameter on sand overlap. Fluvial discharge appears to be the most influential parameter while the initial bathymetry and lake level variations exert a minor to moderate impact. 相似文献
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广西北海涠洲岛典型岸滩剖面短期冲淤变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于涠洲岛2012年12月、2013年7月和2013年12月砂质岸滩剖面高程数据以及沉积物粒度数据,作者分析了2012~2013年涠洲岛砂质海岸短期冲淤变化。结果表明:(1)2012年12月~2013年7月,在热带风暴的影响下,涠洲岛大部分岸滩发生侵蚀现象,侵蚀最严重部位一般在中滩;(2)2012年12月~2013年12月,侵蚀岸段主要在东南部、西南部和西北部低滩,淤积岸段主要在北部、西北部高中滩;(3)根据沉积物颗粒平均粒径分析结果,一般高滩沉积物较低滩粗,说明水动力环境高滩相对较强,各岸段沉积物颗粒变化基本与岸滩剖面冲淤变化相一致。短时期内,影响涠洲岛岸滩冲淤变化的因素有波浪、潮汐、风暴潮和人类活动等。 相似文献