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1.
《Journal of Structural Geology》1999,21(8-9):1011-1018
In fold-and-thrust belts that experienced both pre-orogenic and post-orogenic extension, it may be difficult to establish whether observed normal faults pre-dated, post-dated, or were synchronous with thrusting. Geometrical structural patterns may be insufficient to constrain the relative chronology of extensional and contractional deformations. The systematic use of kinematic criteria makes it possible to unequivocally define the timing relationships of reverse and normal fault development, and hence to correctly unravel complex structural evolutions. Kinematic analysis in the southernmost Umbria–Marche Apennines of Italy, where both normal and thrust faults are present, revealed a history of repeated tectonic inversion, characterised by two distinct stages of extension separated by an episode of folding and thrusting. Structural overprinting relationships observed at thrust–normal fault intersections were useful for: (i) removing sequentially younger deformations; and hence (ii) separating and quantifying the effects of orogenic contraction from those of both pre-orogenic and post-orogenic extension. 相似文献
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Chris J.L. Wilson Brenton A. Worley Shefa Chen Mathew J. Harrowfield Liu Shugen Luo Zhili WT ”BX 《地学前缘》2000,(Z1)
DEFORMATIONAL AND METAMORPHIC HISTORY OF THE CENTRAL LONGMEN MOUNTAINS, SICHUAN CHINA1 ArneDC ,WorleyBA ,WilsonCJL ,etal.Differentialexhumationinresponsetoepisodicthrustingalongtheeasternmar ginoftheTibetanPlateau[J] .Tectonophysics,1997,2 80 :2 39～ 2 56 .
2 ChenSF ,WilsonCJL ,WorleyBA .TectonictransitionfromtheSongpan GarzeFoldBelttotheSichuanBasin,south westernChina[J] .BasinResearch ,1995,7:2 35～ 2 53.
3 ChenSF ,WilsonCJL .Emplaceme… 相似文献
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Coalescence of fault‐bend and fault‐propagation folding in curved thrust systems: an insight from the Central Apennines,Italy 
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下载免费PDF全文 The coalescence and spatial variability of different thrust‐related folding mechanisms involving the same mechanical multilayer along a curved thrust system are documented in this study. The field‐based analysis of thrust‐related folds spectacularly exposed in the Gran Sasso thrust system, Central Apennines of Italy, allowed us to reconstruct the interference fold pattern between fault‐bend and fault‐propagation folding. These two thrust‐related folding mechanisms exhibit spatial variability along the differently oriented ramps of the curved Gran Sasso thrust system, passing from one style to the other. Their selective development is controlled by contrasting styles of compressional normal‐fault reactivation related to positive tectonic inversion. Fault‐bend and fault‐propagation folding interact with a characteristic interference fold pattern in the salient apex zone of the curved thrust system due to their synchronous/in‐sequence growth. This interference fold pattern might be helpful and predictive when reconstructing lateral variations in different thrust‐related folds in similar subaerial or submarine thrust belts. 相似文献
5.
From the early Late Permian onwards, the northeastern part of the Sydney Basin, New South Wales, (encompassing the Hunter Coalfield) developed as a foreland basin to the rising New England Orogen lying to the east and northeast. Structurally, Permian rocks in the Hunter Coalfield lie in the frontal part of a foreland fold‐thrust belt that propagated westwards from the adjacent New England Orogen. Thrust faults and folds are common in the inner part of the Sydney Basin. Small‐scale thrusts are restricted to individual stratigraphic units (with a major ‘upper decollement horizon’ occurring in the mechanically weak Mulbring Siltstone), but major thrusts are inferred to sole into a floor thrust at a poorly constrained depth of approximately 3 km. Folds appear to have formed mainly as hangingwall anticlines above these splaying thrust faults. Other folds formed as flat‐topped anticlines developed above ramps in that floor thrust, as intervening synclines ahead of such ramp anticlines, or as decollement folds. These contractional structures were overprinted by extensional faults developed during compressional deformation or afterwards during post‐thrusting relaxation and/or subsequent extension. The southern part of the Hunter Coalfield (and the Newcastle Coalfield to the east) occupies a structural recess in the western margin of the New England Orogen and its offshore continuation, the Currarong Orogen. Rocks in this recess underwent a two‐stage deformation history. West‐northwest‐trending stage one structures such as the southern part of the Hunter Thrust and the Hunter River Transverse Zone (a reactivated syndepositional transfer fault) developed in response to maximum regional compression from the east‐northeast. These were followed by stage two folds and thrusts oriented north‐south and developed from maximum compression oriented east‐west. The Hunter Thrust itself was folded by these later folds, and the Hunter River Transverse Zone underwent strike‐slip reactivation. 相似文献
6.
The Zagros fold‐and‐thrust belt of SW Iran represents deformation of the former Arabian passive margin since Permian–Triassic opening of the Neo‐Tethys ocean. The Zagros belt is characterized by a present‐day structural salient‐recess setting inherited from past marginal embayment‐promontory geometry, which was involved in discontinuous ophiolite obduction and diachronous continental collision. We examine outcrop‐scale Mesozoic extensional brittle tectonics, preserved as syn‐depositional normal faults within the folded strata, in terms of stress tensor inversion. The result is then integrated with belt‐scale isopach, seismic and topographical data to delineate the geometry of a major irregularity along the passive margin originating from oblique oceanic opening. The implication of this configuration within the tectonic framework of oceanic closure is discussed. 相似文献
7.
塔里木盆地北部隆起负反转构造及其地质意义 总被引：24，自引：2，他引：22
塔里木盆地北部隆起负反转构造带长达２００ｋｍ以上,宽１０～３０ｋｍ,位于南天山山前库车前陆拗陷的前缘隆起部位。主要负反转构造类型包括大型负反转断裂、反转掀斜断块和“垒堑叠加型”反转构造。塔北隆起大型负反转断裂经历了早期冲断和后期反转过程（如轮台和牙哈断裂带）,往往有基底层序卷入。平衡剖面分析结果揭示,反转构造的主反转期为白垩纪—第三纪,塔北隆起北部圈闭形成期和油气成藏期与主反转期相对应。塔北隆起负反转构造带形成机制受先存基底构造形迹或软弱带及前陆拗陷前缘隆起部位局部引张应力场控制。塔北隆起负反转构造的存在不仅决定了油气藏的形成与分布特征,而且对于揭示中国西北地区构造变形类型和变形方式具有重要的地质意义。 相似文献
8.
塔北隆起西部不同构造层构造样式及其成因关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
塔北隆起西部经历多期复杂的构造演化,形成了下中上三个构造层,即震旦系到古生界构造层、中生界—古近系构造层和新近系—第四纪构造层。下构造层发育逆冲断层、褶皱、走滑构造和岩浆底辟构造;中构造层发育负反转构造和正断层;上构造层英买力地区发育盐上逆冲断层构造,东部牙哈地区仍发育负反转构造。不同地区构造层之间的关系不同,牙哈地区中上构造层与下构造层的断裂发育具有很好的继承性：深层逆冲断裂由下向上扩展,控制浅层断裂走向、倾向及其运动性质,它们在浅层发育负反转构造、兼具走滑性质。英买力地区由于发育中寒武统及古近系两侧膏盐层,膏盐层的分隔造成构造层之间构造样式的不协调及其分层性特征。 相似文献
9.
Critical taper behaviour and out‐of‐sequence thrusting on orogenic wedges – an example of the Eastern Alpine Molasse Basin 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 We demonstrate that increasing erosion during the kinematic evolution of a thrust wedge will lead to out‐of‐sequence thrusting as a result of backwards critical taper movement. In‐sequence thrusting in the Subalpine German Molasse Basin built a critical‐tapered foreland Coulomb thrust wedge. Later, out‐of‐sequence thrusts dissected all but the frontal duplex stacks. The footwall/hangingwall relation visible on seismic data proves the out‐of‐sequence nature of the latest thrusting stage. Establishing a stable drainage system leads to increased erosion in elevated areas of the thrust wedge, resulting in flattening of the critical wedge. In order to keep its predefined angle, the critical wedge repositions and the tip of the taper moves towards the hinterland. Thus, thrusting will also reposition and move towards the hinterland. 相似文献
10.
The Variscan nappe stack of SE Sardinia originated as a result of several stages of nappe imbrication during the Lower Carboniferous phases of the Variscan orogeny. The crustal shortening caused regional SSW-and W-directed thrusting, greenschist facies metamorphism and open-to-isoclinal polyphase folding. The final stage of shortening produced large-scale antiforms and synforms.
Post-collisional deformation resulted in inversion of earlier thrusts as normal faults, development of low-angle normal faults, and refolding of earlier foliation and thrust planes by asymmetric folds with subhorizontal axial planes. Facing directions of these latest folds are directed horizontally outward from the hinge zones of main antiforms, suggesting that they cannot be regarded as parasitic folds of the latest thickening phase, but instead are the consequence of vertical shortening during gravitational collapse of dome-like km-scale antiforms, leading to denudation of antiformal culminations. 相似文献
Post-collisional deformation resulted in inversion of earlier thrusts as normal faults, development of low-angle normal faults, and refolding of earlier foliation and thrust planes by asymmetric folds with subhorizontal axial planes. Facing directions of these latest folds are directed horizontally outward from the hinge zones of main antiforms, suggesting that they cannot be regarded as parasitic folds of the latest thickening phase, but instead are the consequence of vertical shortening during gravitational collapse of dome-like km-scale antiforms, leading to denudation of antiformal culminations. 相似文献
11.
Sara Satolli Paolo Pace Mauro Gabriele Viandante Fernando Calamita 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2014,103(8):2301-2313
In foreland thrust belts, abrupt lateral changes in tectonic style, structural–stratigraphic features, and topography usually occur across cross-strike faults. The Central Apennines of Italy offer an exceptional scenario of lateral variations in tectonic setting. Here, the Sangro Volturno oblique thrust ramp (SVOTR) represents the outer thrust front of the Pliocene–Quaternary foreland thrust system, confining southward the axial culmination of the orogen that occurs in the Central Apennines. We present an interpretation of the Pliocene–Quaternary evolution of this cross-strike fault through an integrated dataset including structural-geological mapping and subsurface onshore seismic reflection profiles. The interpretation of the structural framework is augmented by the analysis of low-temperature thermochronometers from 32 new sites extending across the subsurface transverse structure. As evidenced by seismic line interpretation, the localization and development of the SVOTR have been influenced by inherited extensional faults within a positive inversion tectonics context. The regional distribution of the maximum paleotemperature values across the SVOTR constrains the original extent of the allochthonous thrust sheet over all its hanging-wall and footwall blocks. The Pliocene–Quaternary thrusting and inversion of SVOTR caused the strong hanging-wall uplift, which brought to the complete erosion of the allochthonous units and the exhumation of the Adria units. The integrated analysis of low-temperature thermochronometers and structural evidence as applied in the study case can define the role of major cross-strike discontinuities in foreland thrust belts, by constraining and verifying their tectonics inversion significance and the amount of related exhumation. 相似文献
12.
M. R. Handy 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1996,85(4):832-851
The Zone of Samedan is part of a fossil, early Mesozoic rift system originally situated in the distal, Lower Austro-Alpine
domain of the Adriatic passive continental margin. An early Mesozoic configuration of asymmetrical rift basins bounded by
relative structural highs compartmentalized Late Cretaceous active margin tectonics; Jurassic half-grabens were folded into
arcuate synclines, whereas relative structural highs engendered thin, imbricated thrust sheets. West-directed thrusting and
folding initiated at the surface and continued to depths favoring mylonitization under lower greenschist-facies conditions.
At this time Liguria-Piemontese ophiolites were accreted to Lower Austro-Alpine units directly underlying the Zone of Samedan.
Late Cretaceous orogenic collapse of the Adriatic active margin involved the reactivation of west-directed thrusts as low-angle,
top-to-the-east, normal faults. These faults accommodated extensional uplift of Liguria-Piemontese ophiolites and Lower Austro-Alpine
units beneath and within the Zone of Samedan. During Paleogene collision, some Late Cretaceous faults in the Zone of Samedan
were reactivated under lower anchizonal conditions as north-directed thrusts. The latter stages of this early Tertiary thickening
were transitional to brittle, high-angle normal faulting associated with top-to-the-east extension and spreading above the
warm, uplifting Lepontine dome. 相似文献
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Sami Khomsi Mourad Bédir M. Ghazi Ben Jemia Hédi Zouari 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2004,336(15):1401-1408
Structural interpretations of newly acquired seismic lines in northeastern Tunisia allow us to highlight a new thrust front for the Atlasic range of Tunisia, in contrast to the previously Zaghouan fault thrust Dorsale zone. This new thrust front takes place on weakness tectonic zones, materialized by inherited faults anchored on the pre-Triassic basement. This front seems to be a paleogeographic trend controlling structural style and basin fill with a synsedimentary activity. The front is expressed by reverse faults, thrust faults, back thrusting, and decollement structures. To cite this article: S. Khomsi et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004). 相似文献
15.
Interpretation and 2‐D forward modelling of aeromagnetic datasets from the Olary Domain to the north of the outcropping Kalabity Inlier, South Australia, is consistent with a buried structural architecture characterised by isolated anticlines (also referred to as growth anticlines) bounded by steeply dipping reverse faults. The isolated anticlines are interpreted to have formed by half‐graben inversion during crustal shortening associated with the ca 1600–1580 Ma Olarian Orogeny. We interpret the bounding reverse faults as reactivated high‐angle normal faults, originating from a listric extensional fault architecture. As shortening increased, ‘break‐back bypass’ and ‘short‐cut‘ thrusts developed because of buttressing of the hangingwall successions against the footwall. The resulting architecture resembles a combination of a thrust‐related imbricate fan and an accumulation of inverted basins. Using this structural architecture, synrift sediments proximal to interpreted normal faults were identified as prospective for sediment‐hosted massive sulfide Pb–Zn–Ag mineralisation. 相似文献
16.
The relationships between thrusts and normal faults represent primary constraints in the reconstruction of the modes and timing of pre-, syn- and post-orogenic deformation events in fold-and-thrust belts. Such relationships are well exposed in curved orogenic belts where the thrusts are oblique to the trend of normal faults.We study the NNE–SSW-trending Olevano-Antrodoco-Sibillini oblique thrust and its crosscutting relationships with NW–SE-trending normal faults in order to constrain the Neogene–Quaternary deformation history of the Central-Northern Apennine (Italy). The analysis of structural and geological data allowed us to reconstruct the geometric and kinematic constraints of two inversion events: 1 – During the Pliocene, positive inversion reactivated the NNE–SSW-trending pre-existing Ancona-Anzio normal fault as the Olevano-Antrodoco-Sibillini oblique thrust ramp and caused the shortcut of NW–SE-oriented normal faults; 2 – During the Quaternary, negative inversion reactivated NW–SE-trending pre-thrusting normal faults.The growth of the NW–SE Quaternary normal faults causes seismicity and is responsible of the development of wide Quaternary intramontane basins. Their distribution and the related seismicity have been controlled and compartmentalized by NNE–SSW-trending oblique thrusts. Thus, the crosscutting relationships between thrusts and normal faults are crucial in seismic hazard assessment. 相似文献
17.
江南断裂带在安徽境内沿东至、石台、泾县到宣城一线呈NE向分布,野外主要表现为构造角砾岩破碎带和一系列逆冲推覆断裂;其布格重力异常显示断裂深处产状逐渐变缓,具有向SE向偏移的特征;从寒武纪到晚泥盆世时期控制了断裂两侧的岩性和沉积环境。通过对其野外构造现象、地球物理、岩相古地理的分析和研究,认为江南断裂带（安徽段）是一个多期活动的深大断裂：加里东期,断裂开始发育;该断裂从寒武纪到晚泥盆世时期控制了断裂两侧的岩性、沉积相、沉积环境的不同,表现为同沉积活动断层的性质;印支期断裂主要表现为由南向北的逆冲推覆及顺层剪切作用;燕山早期主要为一系列由SE向NW逆冲推覆构造及脆性断裂;燕山晚期,断裂主要表现正断层及平移断层的特征;喜山期,断裂以正断层活动为特征。 相似文献
18.
从反转构造的砂箱模型看柴达木早-中侏罗世盆地的构造性质 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
设计了基底均匀伸展半地堑正反转、基底均匀伸展书斜式正反转和对称地堑正反转等3个砂箱实验模型,着重研究后期构造反转对前期正断层构造的叠加与改造作用.单侧挤压实验结果表明,正反转过程中,挤压变形主要通过形成新的低角度逆冲断层实现,前期正断层多数可被保存下来,仅倾角不同程度地变陡.前期正断层全部反转为逆断层的可能性极小,仅在强烈逆冲变形带,逆冲断层才有可能完全取代前期的正断层.根据实验结果并结合柴达木盆地的实际资料,认为柴达木盆地早-中侏罗世时期为挤压性质的盆地. 相似文献
19.
The internal sectors of the Orobic Alps (Northern Italy) are characterised by Alpine age regional shortening showing a transition, through time, from plastic to brittle deformation. Thrust faults cut Alpine ductile folds and are marked by cataclasites and, locally, by pseudotachylytes, suggesting that motion was accommodated by seismic frictional slip. In the Eastern Orobic Alps the thrusting initiated at depths deeper than 10 km (the emplacement depth of the Adamello pluton) and possibly continued at shallower depths. This demonstrates that thrust motion occurred between 10 km depth and the brittle-ductile transition, i.e., at mid-crustal depths. The Orobic Alps exhumed paleoseismic zone shows different geometries along strike. In the central sectors of the Orobic Alps, thrust faults, associated with pseudotachylytes, have average dips around 40° and show no pervasive veining. Much steeper thrusts (dips up to about 85°) occur in the eastern Orobic Alps. In this area, faults are not associated with pervasive veining, i.e., fluid circulation was relatively scarce. This suggests that faulting did not occur with supralithostatic fluid pressure conditions. These reverse faults are severely misoriented (far too steep) for fault reactivation in a sublithostatic fluid pressure regime. We suggest that thrust motion likely started when the faults were less steep and that the faults were progressively rotated up to the present day dips. Domino tilting is probably responsible for this subsequent fault steepening, as suggested by a decrease of the steepness of thrust faults from north to south and by systematic rotations of previous structures consistently with tilting of thrust blocks. When the faults became inclined beyond the fault lock-up angle, no further thrusting was accommodated along them. At later stages regional shortening was accommodated by newly formed lower angle shear planes (dipping around 30–40°), consistently with predictions from fault mechanics. 相似文献
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东北东部虎林盆地的构造特征、成盆机制及敦-密断裂带北东段的形成时代 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
虎林盆地位于黑龙江省东部,是叠置在佳木斯地块之上的中、新生代断陷-坳陷盆地,其构造变形可以划分为3个构造演化阶段：早白垩世为NW-SE向伸展作用阶段,主要形成一系列各自独立的NE向箕状断陷群;晚白垩世为NW-SE向挤压作用阶段,使部分早期控陷正断层发生反转,形成反转构造,虎林盆地转化为具有多个沉降中心的NE向挤压坳陷盆地群;古近纪-第四纪为NNW-SSE向挤压作用阶段,虎林盆地的构造格局发生了重大变化,不仅使部分早期控陷正断层发生反转作用形成大型反转构造,而且在七虎林河凹陷与中央隆起之间形成NEE向大型逆冲断层（敦-密断裂）和断层传播褶皱,它们共同控制了盆地的形成和沉积作用,虎林盆地转化为具有1个中央隆起和南、北2个坳陷的NEE向挤压坳陷型盆地。东北地区自白垩纪以来始终处于活动大陆边缘的大地构造背景,包括虎林盆地在内的东北东部盆地群的形成与伊泽纳奇板块、太平洋板块向欧亚板块的俯冲作用有关。敦-密断裂带总体上呈NE向展布,具有左行走滑的性质,在靠近虎林盆地的北东段转变为NEE向展布,断层的性质也转变为逆冲断层,敦-密断裂带北东段的逆冲作用很可能与该断裂带的NE向左行走滑作用在NEE向的转换挤压有关。敦-密断裂带自古近纪始新世-渐新世虎林期开始活动,一直持续活动到第四纪。 相似文献