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Taban IC Bechmann RK Torgrimsen S Baussant T Sanni S 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):701-705
The single-cell microgel electrophoresis assay or the comet assay was used to evaluate DNA damage of dispersed crude oil on sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) and mussels (Mytilus edulis L.). Sea urchins were exposed to 0.06 and 0.25 mg/L dispersed crude oil in a continuous flow system, while the mussels were exposed to 0.015, 0.06 and 0.25 mg/L dispersed crude oil. Sea urchin coelomocytes and mussel haemocytes were sampled after 4 and 5 weeks exposure, respectively. In the sea urchin coelomocytes, there was a significant concentration-related increase in the percentage of DNA in comet tail. In mussel haemocytes, there was a significantly higher percentage of DNA in comet tail for all treatments compared to the control. The responses were concentration-related up to 0.06 mg/L oil. The two highest exposure concentrations of mussels were not significantly different from each other. These results indicate that the comet assay can be used for biomonitoring of DNA damage in marine invertebrates following oil contamination. 相似文献
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在添加浒苔和紫菜干体的条件下,通过测定藻细胞数量,观察藻细胞形态,分析海藻干体对米氏凯伦藻、中肋骨条藻和塔玛亚历山大藻的半抑制和完全抑制浓度以及半抑制和完全抑制浓度有效作用的起始藻细胞数量范围,研究了浒苔和紫菜干体对3种赤潮微藻生长的影响.在此基础上,设定海藻干体的添加量为其完全抑制浓度,通过监测微藻培养液中总氮(硝酸态氮、氨态氮和亚硝酸态氮)和总磷等变化,分析海藻干体添加对培养液营养化程度的影响.结果表明:(1)当浒苔和紫菜干体浓度分别大于0.8 g/L 和1.0 g/L 时,海藻干体能显著抑制3种赤潮微藻的生长,它们对赤潮微藻的生长抑制率超过60%(第12 d).(2)浒苔和紫菜干体对3种实验微藻的半抑制浓度(IC50)接近,在0.71~1.22 g/L 之间;但完全抑制浓度(IC10)差别较大,浒苔干体对3种赤潮微藻的完全抑制浓度在2.4~2.8 g/L 范围,其数值约为紫菜干体对它们的完全抑制浓度的2倍.(3)3种赤潮微藻起始藻细胞数量不超过40伊104·mL-1(对于米氏凯伦藻和中肋骨条藻来说,起始藻细胞数量可增大至60伊104·mL-1),海藻干体对3种实验微藻的半抑制浓度和完全抑制浓度均有效.(4)添加海藻干体的实验组培养液中总氮和总磷含量均明显高于对照培养液中总氮和总磷含量.其中,实验组培养液中总氮浓度为382滋g/L,总磷浓度明显低于100滋g/L.综上所述,浒苔和紫菜干体具有强烈的抑藻作用,且不会造成培养液营养加剧现象,可尝试应用于赤潮微藻的控制与治理中. 相似文献
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Comet assays to assess DNA damage and repair in grass shrimp embryos exposed to phototoxicants 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Exposure of grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) embryos to four compounds (anthracene, pyrene, alpha-terthienyl, methylene blue) along with solar exposure resulted in extensive DNA strand damage using the comet assay. DNA tail moments of embryos exposed to these chemicals in the dark ranged from 1.8 to 4.3, while exposure to chemicals and solar resulted in tail moments of 14.3-15.3. Reduction of DNA tail moments when solar exposed embryos were transferred to the dark, suggested DNA repair systems were active. The comet assay can be used to follow both DNA damage and repair following exposure to phototoxic chemicals. 相似文献
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为了理清米氏凯伦藻赤潮形成与环境因素的关系，掌握其发生、发展规律，本文分析了2012年春末夏初三沙湾海域米氏凯伦藻赤潮期间的气象、水文和营养盐情况，并结合室内模拟培养实验，探讨了米氏凯伦藻赤潮形成与各环境因素的相关性。结果显示米氏凯伦藻赤潮通常发生在温度为20.5~25.0℃和盐度为24.3~32.3的海域，其细胞生长的最适温度和最适盐度分别为:22.0~25.0℃和26.0~30.0；Pearson相关性分析显示，米氏凯伦藻细胞密度与叶绿素a、无机磷、化学需氧量呈极显著正相关，与透明度、氨氮呈显著负相关；另外，米氏凯伦藻对磷酸盐的需求较低，其赤潮的形成可能主要受水体中氨氮的影响。基于现场调查和模拟实验结果，综合分析认为稳定的水文和气象条件、发生前期降雨输入的无机氮，以及由于持续阴雨导致的较低光照条件是此次米氏凯伦藻赤潮形成和维持的重要条件。 相似文献
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东海米氏凯伦藻水华中中华哲水蚤的选择性摄食 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提要为评估中型浮游动物选择性摄食对有害藻华发展进程的影响,应用一种新的结合Frost直接摄食法和Landry稀释法的现场培养方法,于2005年4月27日—6月5日在东海有害藻华高发区的6个典型站位进行了中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)对浮游植物和微型浮游动物摄食速率的研究。比较了中华哲水蚤对米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)和具齿原甲藻(Prorocentrum dentatum)摄食习性的差异,并评估了其摄食在水华进程中的作用。研究结果表明,中华哲水蚤对有害藻华物种存在摄食选择性和摄食速率的阈值。当自然水体中米氏凯伦藻细胞丰度达到157cells/ml和具齿原甲藻细胞丰度达到981 cells/ml时是中华哲水蚤由偏好趋于排斥摄食的阈值。当自然水体中米氏凯伦藻细胞丰度达到176 cells/ml时,中华哲水蚤对其停止摄食。米氏凯伦藻有害藻华发生区中华哲水蚤对具齿原甲藻的无选择性滤食以及对米氏凯伦藻的排斥摄食行为,影响水华进程,最终导致水华物种向米氏凯伦藻方向演替。 相似文献
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Responses of the neutral red retention (NRR) assay as test for lysosomal stability and the comet assay as test for DNA integrity were measured in the water flea, Daphnia magna, and compared with mortality and effects on population growth rate during short- or long-term exposure to seven different toxicants. The NRR test and the comet assay were performed with fresh preparations of pieces of tissue from the digestive tract or with cell preparations from whole daphnias. Five toxicants caused responses of the NRR test or the comet assay after short-term exposure at concentrations below the acute toxicity level. Preliminary results of long-term exposure experiments suggest that these biomarker responses can be related to chronic effects on survival and/or reproduction of D. magna. This type of research should provide the basis for future use of the NRR test and the comet assay as early warning biomarkers for effects of toxicants on Daphnia populations. 相似文献
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石油烃胁迫下3种微藻的生长动力学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨石油烃对海洋生物的毒性效应机制,并对海洋石油污染的预防和治理提供理论依据,本文研究了0#柴油石油烃对3种海洋微藻生长的影响。实验结果表明石油烃对微藻有"低促高抑"的现象:当石油烃质量浓度10 mg/L时,抑制青岛大扁藻的生长;当石油烃质量浓度30 mg/L时,则抑制三角褐指藻的生长;抑制聚球藻的石油烃质量浓度范围为20 mg/L,且质量浓度越大抑制效果越明显。但低质量浓度石油烃污染物则易促进其生长。在Logistic生长模型的基础上,结合Lorentz方程和Exponential方程,引入石油烃污染物质量浓度项,建立石油烃污染物条件下的海洋浮游植物生长的模型。Lorentz方程可描述0#柴油烃对浮游植物生长速率参数的影响,Exponential方程可描述0#柴油烃对浮游植物生物量的影响,实验验证该模型是合理的。 相似文献
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In the present work physiological responses to a short term, sub-lethal exposure to copper (5 microg Cu2 l(-1) were studied on two species of giant clams, Tridacna gigas and Hippopus hippopus. All giant clams (fam. Tridacnidae) maintain a symbiotic relationship with photo-synthesising microalgae (zooxanthellae) and the phytotoxic effects of this copper concentration were approached with two different end points: changes in oxygen production and maximal quantum yield (Fv/Fm). Additionally we measured respiration, whereby Pg:R ratios could be calculated for the system (algae and clam) and used as an indicator of stress. Cu accumulation was only determined for T. gigas and showed significantly higher tissue concentrations in exposed specimens (11.3 microg Cu g(-1) dry wt) compared to the controls (4.2 microg Cu g(-1)). Both species displayed significantly reduced Pg:R ratios due to exposure, mainly explained by lowered gross production. No indication of stress was shown in the fluorescence measurements and possible explanations are discussed in the paper. We propose that inhibitions in the slow kinetics of photosynthesis were not captured by this fluorescence parameter. Accordingly we suggest that measurements of maximum fluorescence yield should be accompanied by complementary parameters when studying pollutants with unclear phytotoxic mechanisms. 相似文献
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利用交叉培养的方法,研究了球等鞭金藻与纤细角毛藻、牟氏角毛藻、新月菱形藻和三角褐指藻等4种海洋微藻间的化感作用。并利用高效液相色谱分析了这4种海洋微藻的胞外滤液萃取物。结果表明,(1)球等鞭金藻胞外滤液浓度大于40%时,显著抑制三角褐指藻、新月菱形藻和牟氏角毛藻的生长,而对纤细角毛藻的生长则有明显的促进效果,但当胞外滤液浓度大于80%时则对纤细角毛藻的生长也表现出抑制作用。纤细角毛藻、新月菱形藻、牟氏角毛藻的滤液浓度大于40%时,对球等鞭金藻表现出显著抑制作用,三角褐指藻胞外滤液浓度大于80%时才能抑制球等鞭金藻的生长。(2)4种海洋微藻胞外滤液的萃取物能明显抑制球等鞭金藻的生长。(3)纤细角毛藻、牟氏角毛藻、新月菱形藻和三角褐指藻的胞外滤液分别包含8种、5种、6种和7种物质,同时结果还表明4种海洋微藻产生的抑制球等鞭金藻生长的化感物质并不相同。 相似文献
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采用小鼠乳腺癌细胞株tsFT210的细胞周期抑制、细胞凋亡诱导、细胞坏死以及对卤虫的毒性为活性指标,对48种海洋微藻的甲醇提取物的抗肿瘤活性进行了筛选。结果表明,以卤虫毒性为活性指标时,9种海洋微藻显示了不同程度的抗肿瘤活性,以tsFT210为筛选模型时,也有9种具有抗肿瘤活性,其中3种为明显的细胞凋亡诱导活性、2种为细胞坏死性活性、1种为G2/M期抑制活性,因此有必要进行开拓海洋微藻药用新资源的研究。 相似文献
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海洋中产生的挥发性卤代烃(Volatile Halocarbons，VHCs)是氯、溴和碘进入大气的重要载体。海洋藻类能够产生损耗大气中臭氧的VHCs，尤其是海洋微藻已被证明是大气中一些VHCs的主要贡献者。环境因素对海洋微藻产生VHCs的影响研究较少，本文主要研究了光照和硝酸盐浓度对微藻释放VHCs的影响。将海洋微藻东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)和三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)置于密封的玻璃容器中，并在不同光照条件(20 μmol/(m2·s)、70 μmol/(m2·s)和140 μmol/(m2·s))及不同硝酸盐浓度(1 mg/L、5 mg/L、10 mg/L和50 mg/L)下进行无菌单种培养，分析碘甲烷(CH3I)、二溴甲烷(CH2Br2)、一氯二溴甲烷(CHBr2Cl)和三氯乙烯(C2HCl3)4种VHCs的生产。采用吹扫?捕集气相色谱技术对其中的VHCs进行提取和分析。结果表明，光照强度和硝酸盐浓度会影响两种微藻对VHCs的释放，但是对不同VHCs的影响效果不同，其中CH3I的释放受光照强度和硝酸盐浓度变化的影响比较显著。一定范围内，光照强度越大，两种微藻对CH3I的释放量越大。适当的硝酸盐浓度(> 5 mg/L)在一定程度上促进了两种微藻对CH3I的释放。 相似文献
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Microalgal-based indicators were used to assess terrestrial influence on Shiraho coral reef of Ishigaki Island (Okinawa, Japan). A typhoon occurred on 4-5 August 2005 and sampling were made on three occasions thereafter (6, 8, and 11 August). Pre-typhoon sampling was conducted on 26 July. The typhoon-enhanced terrestrial discharges increased reef nutrient levels (e.g. average NO(3)(-)-N: 0.088mg/L pre-typhoon to 0.817mg/L post-typhoon). This elevated chlorophyll-a concentrations by four times and shifted phytoplankton composition (spectral class-based) from an initial dominance of diatoms and green microalgae to the dominance of bluegreen microalgae (cyanobacteria) and cryptophytes. Cyanobacteria later increased by more than 200% and accounted for as much as 80% of total chl-a ( approximately 0.29microg/L), possibly assisted by favorable nutrient availability. In outer reef waters, diatoms and green microalgae predominated whereas cyanobacteria and cryptophytes were nearly undetectable. Due to detrital decomposition and river discharge, the CDOM was much higher in the inner reef than in the outer reef. Benthic bluegreen microalgae were relatively more abundant in areas close to the river mouth and coastal agricultural fields. At these locations, nutrient concentrations were much higher due to river discharge and potentially significant groundwater discharge. Thus, phytoplankton and benthic microalgae can serve as indicators of terrestrial influence on coral reefs. 相似文献
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The standing crop and primary production of benthic microalgae on tidal flats have seasonally been observed in the Sanggou and Jiaozhou Bays of the northern China coast during 1999 - 2000. The results show that the annual primary productions of benthic microalgae on tidal flats in the two bays are 2 532 and 7 542 tons carbon, which would be able to support 3.1 x 103 and 9.2 x 103 tons shellfish meat, respectively. The nature of sediment is essential for governing the biomass and primary production of benthic microalgae on tidal flats. The biomass and primary production of benthic microalgae on tidal flats with muddy sediments are higher than those with sandy sediments, which resulted from higher nutrient concentration and lower grazing pressure. That is the reason why in comparison with Xiangshan Bay the standing crop and production of benthic microalgae on tidal flats of the Sanggou and Jiaozhou Bays are low. Light was a key factor controlling vertical distribution of biomass and production of benthic 相似文献
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采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术分析了微小亚历山大藻中的膝沟藻毒素(Gonyautoxin,GTX1,4和GTX2,3)以及蒙古裸腹潘和菲律宾蛤仔摄食该藻后对膝沟藻毒素的累积状况.结果表明,采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用方法,可快速(4h内)检测出这三种海洋生物中的膝沟藻毒素,且培养的微小亚历山大藻每个细胞的膝沟藻毒素含量为9.46fmol.蒙古裸腹潘摄食微小亚历山大藻2h、18h、24h后,其体内GTX1,4的含量分别为4.8908、12.6241、31.4968mg/g,GTX2,3的含量分别为1.656、3.8533、10.9026 mg/g,且对GTXl.4积累量比GTX2,3高,在24h内GTX1,4含量是GTX2,3的2.89倍.菲律宾蛤仔摄食微小亚历山大藻2h、24h和48h后,肌肉中GTXI.4含量分别为3.1271、3.6709和4.6906 μg/g,GTX2,3含量分别为7.1874、8.1675和9.1476 μg/g;内脏团中GTX1,4含量分别为4.7088、4.2178和5.5064 μg/g,GTX2,3含量分别为7.6774、9.1476和13.066 μg/g,表明GTX1,4和GTX2,3在肌肉中含量逐步增加,且GTX2,3累积量比GTX1,4高,在48h内肌肉GTX2,3含量是GTX1,4的1.95倍,内脏团GTX2,3含量是GTX1,4的2.37倍.在停食净水培养96h后,内脏团和肌肉对GTX1,4消解率已达100%,而肌肉和内脏团对GTX2,3消解率分别为16.1%和45%.本文结果表明采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用方法能快速测定赤潮藻、浮游动物和贝类中的膝沟藻毒素含量,但不同生物对膝沟藻毒素有不同的累积方式. 相似文献
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通过研究硝基苯和间苯二酚对海洋微藻的毒理效应,旨在提示化工废水污染对水环境破坏的严重性,揭示海洋微藻类净化废水的潜在应用。本试验用塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)、海链藻(Thalassiosira weissflogii)和绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridis)为供试藻种,以微藻生长量及叶绿素 a 的变化为参数,研究不同质量浓度的硝基苯和间苯二酚对3种海洋微藻的毒理效应。结果表明：硝基苯对塔玛藻和巴夫藻的生长具有一定的抑制作用,质量浓度为12mg/L时抑制率分别为22.9%和20.04%,但对海链藻的生长在一定程度上有促进作用。间苯二酚对海链藻和巴夫藻的生长具有抑制作用,质量浓度为12mg/L 时其抑制率分别为26.11%和23.6%,对塔玛亚历山大藻的生长有一定的促进作用。对塔玛亚历山大藻和巴夫藻而言,在硝基苯质量浓度为3mg/L 时,叶绿素 a 含量均达到最低,其叶绿素 a含量分别为对照组的68.6%和50.9%,对于海链藻,硝基苯对其叶绿素a的影响波动不大。间苯二酚对3种海洋微藻叶绿素 a 含量的影响为绿色巴夫藻>海链藻>塔玛亚历山大藻,其叶绿素 a 含量分别是对照组的1.1%,24.9%,88%。 相似文献
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应用实时荧光定量PCR技术研究九龙江口水域米氏凯伦藻的分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为快速精确监测九龙江口小型有毒赤潮藻的分布,本工作应用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测了2009年春(5月)、夏(8月)、秋(11月)3个季节九龙江口18个站位水样中米氏凯伦藻(Kareniamikimotoi)的密度.这3个季节分别对应九龙江口水域的丰水期、平水期、枯水期.结果表明,在九龙江口水中米氏凯伦藻的检出范围为未检出至2.3×104cells/dm3;其空间分布差异比较大,主要分布在厦门西港海域,其次是在高潮时的海门岛附近海域;海门岛以西水域几乎未监测到该藻的存在,仅5号站位有1个航次检出.米氏凯伦藻密度的季节分布差异也很明显,春、夏季的密度(最高检出值都达到了2.3×104cells/dm3)明显高于秋季的密度(最高检出值仅为5.4×103cells/dm3).本研究结果可为厦门西港以及九龙江口水域赤潮的研究与监测提供参考.同步进行的显微镜镜检技术没有观测到米氏凯伦藻的存在,可见在藻密度较低(低于103cells/dm3)的情况下,实时荧光定量PCR技术较传统镜检技术(检出限一般在103cells/dm3以上)可能更灵敏.该技术特异性好且操作简便,使对大样本的检测具有可行性,为实现沿岸海域赤潮的动态监测和深入研究奠定了基础. 相似文献
19.
Contribution of apoptosis to observed dna damage in mussel cells 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The comet assay employs the expression of DNA strand breaks by alkaline treatment to measure DNA damage. In contrast to other similar alkaline treatment assays the comet assay incorporates the microscopic examination of damage to individual cell nuclei. Because individual nuclei are examined, features unique to apoptotic cells can be identified. Apoptosis, programmed cell death, is characteristically an orderly sequence of events that ultimately leads to the complete disassembly of a cell. One consequence of apoptosis is the induction of endogenous nucleases which results in the fragmentation of DNA. Apoptosis can be triggered by a variety of stimuli, giving the misleading impression of genotoxic damage if this cytotoxic mechanism of DNA fragmentation is not taken into consideration. In this study mussel cells were exposed to a variety of toxicants and the cytotoxic (apoptotic) contribution to observed DNA damage was determined. A number of stressors induced apoptosis quite rapidly, within hours of exposure. The comet assay detected apoptosis and under certain circumstances apoptosis was found to be the major contributor to observed DNA damage. 相似文献
20.
DNA damage in the gill cells of the marine scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis during anoxic stress and aerobic recovery 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Valentina V. Slobodskova Avianna F. Zhukovskaya Victor P. Chelomin 《Ocean Science Journal》2012,47(2):95-100
Anoxia-induced DNA damage in the gill cells of the marine scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis was assessed with the alkaline comet assay (single-cell gel electrophoresis). The alkaline comet assay method for detecting DNA strand breaks and alkali labile sites in individual cells. DNA damage was determened in the scallops (M. yessoensis) gill cells. The scallops were exposed to air for 8 h showing a clear increase in the levels of DNA damage. After the air exposure, M. yessoensis were re-submersed for a period of 12 h, leading values to return to a pre-aerial exposure level. Control animals were kept immersed during the whole period. The resulting data demonstrate that natural influences, such as oxygen depletion (anoxia) in seawater, can be responsible for the induction of DNA damage. If the scallops were re-immersed in oxic conditions, the anoxically induced breaks were repaired. The main mechanisms influencing the integrity of the DNA structure are discussed in this paper. 相似文献