共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 752 毫秒
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采用快速急冷工艺制备含碳粉末触媒,并以此触媒为原料,在国产DS6×800A型铰链式六面顶压机上进行金刚石合成实验;实验结果表明:在高速冷却条件下(冷速为104℃/s～106℃/s),大量石墨碳被固溶在触媒材料内部,固溶在触媒材料内部的石墨碳形态有球形、长条形及其它不规则形状;固溶石墨碳的存在有利于石墨碳源在高温高压金刚石合成过程中的溶解与传输,从而,缩短了触媒溶剂中溶解碳达到过饱和的时间,提高了金刚石的形核率和合成单产。 相似文献
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针对坚硬致密岩石钻进中遇到的钻头打滑、钻进效率低的问题，通过改变弱包镶材料，加入强化的石墨颗粒，进行试验与研究，获得了颗粒状石墨能提高金刚石出刃的初步效果。随后对石墨颗粒的粒度和强化程度进行反复试验，得到石墨颗粒的粒度、含量和强化程度对金刚石出刃的影响关系；在此基础上研制成新型的热压金刚石钻头，生产试验表明能明显提高金刚石钻头的出刃效果，达到了提高钻进效果的目的。 相似文献
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石墨是合成金刚石的碳源,不同石墨材料合成金刚石的效果及其性能各有不同。石墨材料的种类、石墨化程度、纯度、晶粒尺寸与晶形、择优取向、密度、机械压强与杂质元素等是影响合成金刚石效果的一些重要因素。影响金刚石生长的因素是多方面的,在此仅就石墨材料影响合成金刚石的效果的因素进行讨论。 相似文献
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《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>石墨作为金刚石中最常见的包裹体,常呈板状、过度生长的树枝状、盘状及玫瑰花折叠状等。现有研究结果表明,不同生长形态的石墨不但具有反映其生长环境差异的特质,也具有指示金刚石成因、来源及地球深部过程的意义。然而,较长时期以来,在石墨的金刚石成因、来源及地球深部过程的指示意义方面,人们似乎只关注石墨向金刚石转变的温度、压力及氧逸度条件,在较大程度上忽略了石墨包裹体对金刚石 相似文献
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To elucidate the conditions of formation of epigenetic graphite inclusions in natural diamond, we carried out experiments on high-temperature treatment of natural and synthetic diamond crystals containing microinclusions. The crystal annealing was performed in the CO–CO2 atmosphere at 700–1100 °C and ambient pressure for 15 min to 4 h. The starting and annealed diamond crystals were examined by optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. It has been established that the microinclusions begin to change at 900 °C. A temperature increase to 1000 °C induces microcracks around the microinclusions and strong stress in the diamond matrix. The microinclusions turn black and opaque as a result of the formation of amorphous carbon at the diamond–inclusion interface. At 1100 °C, ordered graphite in the form of hexagonal and rounded plates is produced in the microcracks. A hypothesis is put forward that graphitization in natural diamond proceeds by the catalytic mechanism, whereas in synthetic diamond it is the result of pyrolysis of microinclusion hydrocarbons. The obtained data on the genesis of graphite microinclusions in diamond are used to evaluate the temperature of kimberlitic melt at the final stage of formation of diamond deposits. 相似文献
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Mikhailenko D. S. Shchepetova O. V. Musiyachenko K. A. Korsakov A. V. Ohfuji Hiroaki Pekov I. V. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2018,480(2):814-817
The results of studying an aggregate of graphite-and-diamond crystal in tourmaline 5 μm of the Kokchetav massif by the method of transmission electron microscopy are presented. The detail studies of the interface between the crystals of graphite and diamond have revealed the absence of disordered graphite that is detail partially graphitized diamond. Intense deformation changes in the graphite crystal occurred after it was captured by tourmaline at the regression stage, which led to considerable kinking of the graphite crystal along the a-axis. Thus, the coexistence of graphite and diamond crystals cannot be unambiguously interpreted as a product of partial diamond graphitization. Graphite could have crystallized syngenetic with a diamond crystal or at the retrograde stage in the graphite stability field.
相似文献13.
Alian Wang P. Dhamelincourt H. O. A. Meyer Lihe Guo Andi Zhang 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1994,117(1):15-24
A multiphase inclusion in a diamond from Liaoning province, China consists of an olivine covered with large plates of graphite. Both phases are enclosed in a thin layer of glass that separates the multiphase inclusion from the host diamond. Microcrystallites of diamond and graphite are embedded in the olivine and graphite plates. The characterization and distribution of all phases has been determined using micro-Raman, infrared and Auger spectroscopy, and electron microprobe analysis. The structural form and morphology of the microcrystallites of diamond and graphite in the olivine suggests they formed contemporaneously with the olivine and the host diamond. An alternative suggestion is that they formed from carbon previously dissolved in the olivine at high pressure and temperature. The genesis of the large graphite plates on the surface of the olivine and beneath the glass film is less easily understood, especially as the composition of the glass is not fully documented. The occurrence of glass associated with other inclusions in diamond has been recognized previously by others although the compositions are varied. This is the first record of diamond and graphite occurring within a silicate inclusion in diamond. 相似文献
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Diamond crystallization in the Fe-Co-S-C and Fe-Ni-S-C systems and the role of sulfide-metal melts in the genesis of diamond 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. I. Zhimulev A. I. Chepurov E. F. Sinyakova V. M. Sonin A. A. Chepurov N. P. Pokhilenko 《Geochemistry International》2012,50(3):205-216
Diamond crystals 0.1–0.8 carats were synthesized in experiments conducted in a BARS split-sphere multianvil high-pressure
apparatus in the systems Fe-Co-S-C and Fe-Ni-S-C at a pressure of 5.5 GPa and temperature of 1300°C. The microtextures of
the samples and the phases accompanying diamond (carbides, graphite, monoslufide solid solution, pentlandite, and taenite)
are examined in much detail, the properties of metal-sulfide-carbon alloys are discussed, and issues related to the genesis
of sulfide inclusions in diamonds and graphite crystallization in the diamond stability field are considered. The experiments
demonstrate that diamonds can be synthesized and grow in pre-eutectic metal-sulfide melts with up to 14 wt % sulfur at relatively
low P-T parameters, which correspond to the probable temperatures and pressures of natural diamond-forming processes at depths of
approximately 150 km in the Earth’s upper mantle. 相似文献
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The electrical resistivity of polycrystalline graphite and amorphous carbon are measured at high pressures and room temperature. The results show that the resistivity of these carbon phases decreases with increasing pressure below 19 GPa. The pressure dependence of the resistivity (dln?/dP) is determined to be-0.037 GPa?1 for the polycrystalline graphite and-0.039 GPa?1 for the amorphous carbon. A phase transition, interpreted as the transformation to hexagonal diamond phase, is observed in the polycrystalline graphite at about 20 GPa but not in the amorphous carbon. The present experimental results support the assumption that this phase transition is martensitic in nature. 相似文献
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L. F. Dobrzhinetskaya H. W. Green K. N. Bozhilov T. E. Mitchell R. M. Dickerson 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2003,21(5):425-437
Nanometric solid inclusions in diamond incorporated in garnet and zircon from felsic gneiss of the Kokchetav massif, Kazakhstan, have been examined utilizing electron microscopy and focused ion beam techniques. Host garnet and zircon contain numerous pockets of multiple inclusions, which consist of 1–3 diamond crystals intergrown with quartz, phengite, phlogopite, albite, K‐feldspar, rutile, apatite, titanite, biotite, chlorite and graphite in various combinations. Recalculation of the average chemical composition of the entrapped fluid represented by multiple inclusion pockets indicates that such fluid contained a low wt% of SiO2, suggesting a relatively low‐temperature fluid rather than a melt. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the diamond contains abundant nanocrystalline inclusions of oxides, rare carbonates and silicates. Within the 15 diamond crystals studied, abundant inclusions were found of SiO2, TiO2, FexOy, Cr2O3, ZrSiO4, and single grains of ThxOy, BaSO4, MgCO3, FeCr2O4 and a stoichiometric Fe‐rich pyroxene. The diversity of trace elements within inclusions of essentially the same stoichiometry suggests that the Kokchetav diamond crystallized from a fluid containing variable amounts of Si, Fe, Ti, Cr, Zr, Ba, Mg and Th and other minor components such as K, Na, P, S, Pb, Zn, Nb, Al, Ca, Cl. Most of the components in crystals included in diamond appear to have their origin in the subducted metasediments, but some of them probably originate from the mantle. It is concluded that Kokchetav diamond most likely crystallized from a COH‐rich multicomponent supercritical fluid at a relatively low temperature (hence the apparently low content of rock‐forming elements), and that the diversity of major and minor components suggests interactions between subducted metasediments and mantle components. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(4):504-519
ABSTRACTThe preservation of metastable diamond in ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic (UHPM) complexes challenges our understanding of the processes taking place during exhumation of these subduction zone complexes. The presence of diamonds in UHPM rocks implies that diamonds remained metastable during exhumation, and within thermodynamic stability of graphite for an extended period. This work studies the influence of pressure on the surface graphitization rate of diamond monocrystals in carbonate systems to understand the preservation of microdiamond during exhumation of UHP subduction complexes. Experiments were performed with 2–3 mm synthetic diamond monocrystals at 2–4 GPa in СаСО3 (1550°С) and К2СО3 (1450°С) melts using a high-pressure multi-anvil apparatus. The highest rate of surface graphitization took place at 2 GPa; diamond crystals were almost completely enveloped by a graphite coating. At 4 GPa, only octahedron-shaped pits formed on flat {111} diamond crystal faces. Our results demonstrate that the surface graphitization rate of diamonds in the presence of carbonate melts at 1450–1550°C increases with decreasing pressure. Decreased pressure alone can graphitize diamond regardless of exhumation rate. Metastable diamond inclusions survive exhumation with little or no graphitization because of excess pressure up to 2 GPa acting on them, and because inclusions are protected from interaction with C-O-H fluid. 相似文献
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D. S. Mikhailenko A. V. Korsakov A. V. Golovin P. S. Zelenovskiy N. P. Pohilenko 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2016,469(2):870-873
A xenolith of eclogite from the kimberlite pipe Udachnaya–East, Yakutia Grt+Cpx+Ky + S + Coe/Qtz + Dia + Gr has been studied. Graphite inclusions in diamond have been studied in detail by Confocal Raman (CR) mapping. The graphite inclusion in diamond has a highly ordered structure and is characterized by a substantial shift in the band (about 1580 cm–1) by 7 cm–1, indicating a significant residual strain in the inclusion. According to the results of FTIR spectroscopic studies of diamond crystals, a high degree of nitrogen aggregation has been detected: it is present mainly in form A, which means an “ancient” age of the diamonds. In the xenolith studied, the diamond formation occurred about 1 Byr, long before their transport by the kimberlite melt, and the conditions of the final equilibrium were temperatures of 1020 ± 40°C at 4.7 GPa. Thus, these graphite inclusions found in a diamond are the first evidence of crystallization of metastable graphite in a diamond stability field. They were formed in rocks of the upper mantle significantly below (≥20 km) the graphite-diamond equilibrium line. 相似文献
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E. I. Zhimulev V. M. Sonin A. M. Mironov A. I. Chepurov 《Geochemistry International》2016,54(5):415-422
The paper presents results of experiments aimed at diamond synthesis in the Fe–C–S system at 5.3–5.5 GPa and temperatures of 1300–1370°C and detailed data on the microtextures of the experimental samples and the composition of the accompanying phases (Fe3C and Fe7C3 carbides, graphite, and FeS). It is demonstrated that diamond can be synthesized after temperatures at which carbides are formed are overcome and can crystallize within the temperature range of 1300°C (temperature of the peritectic reaction melt + diamond = Fe7C3) to 1370°C (of thermodynamically stable graphite) under the appearance experimental pressure. The possible involvement of natural metal- and sulfur-bearing compounds in the origin of natural diamond is discussed. 相似文献