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1.
2006年北京春季气溶胶吸收系数的分离研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对2006年春季北京城区大气气溶胶中沙尘和黑碳气溶胶吸收系数的波长指数及其对总吸收系数的贡献进行了估算。结果表明：2006年春季北京城市地区测点,黑碳气溶胶吸收系数随波长的变化呈指数递减,假设某些天的气溶胶吸收无沙尘的贡献,估算的波长幂指数a＝-0.92。另外,计算了北京3次浮尘天气下沙尘气溶胶对吸收系数（520 nm波段）的贡献,计算表明,在浮尘天气影响期间,沙尘气溶胶对吸收系数的贡献平均为32.8%,黑碳气溶胶仍是浮尘影响期间城市气溶胶吸收消光的主要物质。 相似文献
2.
A statistic regression approach was used to estimate the wavelength exponents of black carbon(BC)and dust particles,and further to separate the contributions of the two types of aerosols to the total light absorption coefficient measured in the Beijing urban area in the spring of 2006.The results show that the wavelength exponent(α)of black carbon aerosol at urban site was approximately-0.92.which is in agreement with the value of-0.8±0.2 reported in related studies.The decoupling analysis of the measured light absorption coefficients during the three floating dust periods(March 25,March 27,and April 9)demonstrates that,on average,the light absorption caused by dust particles took up about 32.8% of the total light absorption at 520 nm wavelength,and by black aerosol more than 60%.This indicates that the black carbon was still the major contributor to the total aerosol light absorption in Beijing urban area even during the floating dust periods. 相似文献
3.
Aerosol monitoring at multiple locations in China: contributions of EC and dust to aerosol light absorption 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
X. Y. ZHANG Y. Q. WANG X. C. ZHANG W. GUO T. NIU S. L. GONG Y. YIN P. ZHAO J. L. JIN M. YU 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2008,60(4):647-656
This paper reports on the analysis of 24-h aerosol data measured during 2006, at 14 monitoring sites in China. Measurements included seven-wavelength Aethalometers, thermal/optical reflectance analyses of filter samples and determination of dust aerosols. Black (elemental) carbon (BC, EC) is found to be the principal light-absorbing aerosol over many parts of China; however, the fraction of apparent light absorption attributed to dust varied from 14% in winter, to 11% in spring, to 5% in summer to 9% in autumn. Aerosol light absorption in urban areas was larger than in rural areas by factors of 2.4 in winter, 3.1 in spring and 2.5 in both summer and autumn. These differences may lead to contrasts in radiative, thermal and cloud modification effects between urban and rural areas. Absorption 'hotspots' were located in the Sichuan Basin, the provinces south of Beijing, the Pearl Delta River regions and the Guanzhong Plain. The mass absorption coefficient for aerosol BC (σBC ) based on Aethalometer data is estimated to be 11.7 m2 g−1 at 880 nm wavelength (λ) with inverse (λ−1 ) wavelength scaling, whereas the mass absorption coefficient for dust (σdust ) is 1.3 m2 g−1 on average without significant wavelength dependence. 相似文献
4.
Identification of Aerosol Types and Their Optical Properties in the North China Plain Based on Long-Term AERONET Data 
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下载免费PDF全文 SUN Li XIA Xiang-Ao WANG Pu-Cai CHEN Hong-Bin Philippe GOLOUB ZHANG Wen-Xing 《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):216-222
Characterization of aerosols is required to reduce uncertainties in satellite retrievals of global aerosols and for modeling the effects of these aerosols on climate.Aerosols in the North China Plain(NCP) are complex,which provides a good opportunity to study key aerosol optical properties for various aerosol types.A cluster analysis of key optical properties obtained from Aerosol Robotic Network(AERONET) data in Beijing and Xianghe during 2001-11 was performed to identify dominant aerosol types and their associated optical properties.Five dominant aerosol types were identified.The results show that the urban/industrial aerosol of moderate absorption was dominant in the region and that this type varied little with season.Urban/industrial aerosol of weak absorption was the next most common type and mainly occurs in summer,followed by that strong aerosols occurring mainly in winter.All were predominantly fine mode particles.Mineral dust(MD) and polluted dust(PD) occurred mainly in spring,followed by winter,and their absorption decreased with wavelength.In addition,aerosol dynamics and optical parameters such as refractive index and asymmetry factor were examined.Results show that the size of coarse mode particles decreased with AOD indicating the domination of external mixing between aerosols. 相似文献
5.
通过分析北京城区2007年夏季和秋季、2008年冬季和春季4个季节PM1中硫酸盐、硝酸盐、铵盐、有机物和黑碳等气溶胶化学组成,结合对我国及全球主要区域PM10中上述气溶胶组分及矿物气溶胶组成的评估,发现因受干旱区产生的沙尘和城市逸散性粉尘的共同影响,整个亚洲大陆,尤其是我国的矿物气溶胶浓度与欧美国家城市区域气溶胶总和的平均值相当或更高。我国在重视控制PM2.5等细粒子污染的同时,不应忽视对PM2.5~PM10之间粗粒子的控制力度;北京城区春、夏、秋、冬的PM1平均质量浓度分别约为94,74,66 μg·m-3和91 μg·m-3,全年平均约为81 μg·m-3,其中有机物气溶胶约占41%,硫酸盐占16%,硝酸盐占13%,铵盐占8%,黑碳和氯化物分别占11%和3%,细矿物气溶胶约贡献7%。对于PM2.5污染的控制,关键是消减PM1中主要气溶胶粒子的排放与转化,其中对有机物的控制更为重要,尽管对于北京而言进一步污染控制的难度已经很大。从科学上来说,即使我国的控制措施能百分之百实现,也很难稳定地达到欧美国家的空气质量水平,因为我国本底矿物气溶胶的浓度较高。应进一步评估各项控制措施的适用性,并制定考虑我国人群健康状况的PM2.5空气质量标准。 相似文献
6.
Black carbon particles in the urban atmosphere in Beijing 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
A study of the concentration of black carbon particles and its variation in the urban atmosphere has been carried out since 1996 in the Beijing area. The measurements were done in the late autumn and early winter each year, the period before and after domestic heating activities begin. The results show the presence of black carbon particles at the high level that vary over a large range in the urban atmosphere in Beijing. The mean value of daily average concentration for the whole observation period of 1996-2004 is 20.0 μgm^-3. An evident decrease of black carbon particle concentration in the Beijing area is observed after 2000, and the daily average concentration of black carbon particles is estimated to be 16.0 μgm^-3 with a variation range of 2.10-50.50 μgm^-3 for the period of 2000-2004. The observation method and main variation behavior characteristics of black carbon particles in the urban atmosphere in the Beijing area are given and discussed. 相似文献
7.
沙尘暴影响下北京沙尘气溶胶的垂直分布及溯源分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用云-大气气溶胶激光雷达红外探索卫星观测系统(Cloud-Aerosol Lidarand Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations,CALIPSO)资料,得出了2013年3月8-11日的一次途经新疆、甘肃、内蒙古等地的沙尘暴,对造成北京的沙尘天气影响下的沙尘气溶胶的空间垂直分布图。在此基础上研究了衰减后向散射系数、退偏振比、色比等光学特性参数。结果表明:在此次沙尘暴影响下造成的北京地区沙尘天气过程中,气溶胶的退偏振比在0.1~0.4之间,色比大于0.3。3月10-11日北京地区的沙尘气溶胶分布高度从3km以下被抬升至约4km。再利用欧拉-拉格朗日混合单粒子轨道模型(Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model)和NAAPS全球气溶胶模式,模拟分析了这次沙尘的来源和传输过程,表明此次沙尘起源于南疆盆地和内蒙古中西部,影响甘肃大部、内蒙古中西部、宁夏、山西北部和河北西北部、北京等地区。并用双波长迭代反演法初步反演了3月10、11日北京地区处于沙尘天气情况下的气溶胶光学厚度,分别为0.334和0.621。 相似文献
8.
A comparison analysis of chemical composition of aerosols in the dust and non-dust periods in Beijing 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Dust events occurred frequently in Beijing in recent years. In this work, 120 aerosol samples werecollected in two typical dust events (21-22 March and 15 May) and a non-dust period in Beijing fromMarch to May 2001. Samples were analyzed for major elemental components by the Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) method. Results show that the enrichment factors of crustal elements such as Mg,A1, and Ti had little differences between the dust period and the non-dust period in Beijing, while theenrichment factors of other elements that have a relation to anthropogenic emissions were very low duringthe dust period. The results derived by using multivariate factor analysis from the observation data showthat the sources such as soil dust, industry, and fuel combustion were among the major contributors tothe particles in Beijing. 相似文献
9.
Continuous Measurement of Number Concentrations and
Elemental Composition of Aerosol Particles
for a Dust Storm Event in Beijing 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A continuous measurement of number size distributions and chemical composition of aerosol particles was conducted in Beijing in a dust storm event during 21-26 March 2001. The number concentration of coarse particles （ 〉2μm） increased more significantly than fine particles （ 〈2μm） during the dust storm due to dust weather, while the anthropogenic aerosols collected during the non-dust-storm period tended to be associated with fine particles. Elemental compositions were analyzed by using proton-induced X-ray emission （PIXE）. The results show that 20 elements in the dust storm were much higher than in the non-dust-storm period. The calculated soil dust concentration during the dust storm was, on average, 251.8μg m^-3, while it was only 52.1μg m^-3 on non-dust-storm days. The enrichment factors for Mg, A1, P, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, C1, Cu, Pb, and Zn show small variations between the dust storm and the non-dust-storm period, while those for Ca, Ni and Cr in the dust storm were much lower than those in the non-dust-storm period due to significant local emission sources. A high concentration and enrichment factor for S were observed during the dust storm, which implies that the dust particles were contaminated by aerosol particles from anthropogenic emissions during the long-range transport. A statistical analysis shows that the elemental composition of particles collected during the dust storm in Beijing were better correlated with those of desert soil colleted from desert regions in Inner Mongolia. Air mass back-trajectory analysis further confirmed that this dust storm event could be identified as streaks of dust plumes originating from Inner Mongolia. 相似文献
10.
2018年3月27-28日,内蒙古中东部、中国东北地区、华北等地出现一次大范围沙尘天气。28日凌晨,沙尘进入北京,受此影响北京出现了严重的污染天气。本文利用中国气象局地面常规观测资料、气溶胶激光雷达、风廓线雷达资料、生态环境部大气成分等资料分析了北京沙尘天气前后边界层特征、沙尘来源以及沙尘天气前后大气污染特征。结果表明：此次沙尘天气期间,北京沙尘气溶胶退偏振比约为0.25-0.40,退偏振比数据显示此次沙尘首先从高空进入北京,比地面提前6 h。此次影响北京的沙尘主要来自于北路,东路沙尘有一定补充;沙尘影响时段,北京Ca、Fe、Na、K、Mn等元素浓度显著升高,与该物质地壳丰度相当,污染物元素Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As等浓度有所降低,丰度远大于该物质在地壳中丰度。 相似文献
11.
By T. MÜLLER A. SCHLADITZ A. MASSLING N. KAADEN K. KANDLER A. WIEDENSOHLER 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2009,61(1):79-95
During the SAMUM-1 experiment, absorption coefficients and imaginary parts of refractive indices of mineral dust particles were investigated in southern Morocco. Main absorbing constituents of airborne samples were identified to be iron oxide and soot. Spectral absorption coefficients were measured using a spectral optical absorption photometer (SOAP) in the wavelength range from 300 to 800 nm with a resolution of 50 nm. A new method that accounts for a loading-dependent correction of fibre filter based absorption photometers, was developed. The imaginary part of the refractive index was determined using Mie calculations from 350 to 800 nm. The spectral absorption coefficient allowed a separation between dust and soot absorption. A correlation analysis showed that the dust absorption coefficient is correlated ( R 2 up to 0.55) with the particle number concentration for particle diameters larger than 0.5 μm, whereas the coefficient of determination R 2 for smaller particles is below 0.1. Refractive indices were derived for both the total aerosol and a dust aerosol that was corrected for soot absorption. Average imaginary parts of refractive indices of the entire aerosol are 7.4 × 10−3 , 3.4 × 10−3 and 2.0 × 10−3 at wavelengths of 450, 550 and 650 nm. After a correction for the soot absorption, imaginary parts of refractive indices are 5.1 × 10−3 , 1.6 × 10−3 and 4.5 × 10−4 . 相似文献
12.
2008年北京奥运会期间大气气溶胶物理特征分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
应用MODIS卫星的气溶胶产品资料和地面的光学粒子计数器的资料,对比分析了北京地区2006、2007、2008年7～9月的气溶胶光学厚度、细粒子光学厚度、Angstrom指数、气溶胶粒子数浓度谱及体积谱,发现2008年北京奥运会期间(7月20日～9月20日)的气溶胶光学厚度比2006、2007年同期明显降低,气溶胶细模态光学厚度占总光学厚度的比上升,Angstrom指数上升,气溶胶细粒子数浓度没有明显相对变化,而粗粒子数浓度则减少约50%.利用大气标高,将MODIS反演的气溶胶柱的质量浓度转化为地面气溶胶质量浓度.用粒子计数器得到的体积谱,在假定气溶胶粒子密度的情况下,计算出其质量浓度.将这两种方法得到的气溶胶质量浓度与国家环境保护部公布的空气质量指数换算得到的可吸入颗粒物(PM10)质量浓度进行比较.结果表明:北京奥运期间空气质量总体达到了国家二级空气质量标准;与2006、2007年同期相比,2008年气溶胶PM10质量浓度明显下降,而这主要是由气溶胶粗粒子的减少引起的. 相似文献
13.
To investigate aerosol optical properties in the Beijing metropolitan area,aerosol absorption coefficient(Ab) ,scattering coefficient(Sc) ,and fine particulate matter(PM2.5) were measured in the Beijing urban area from 20 May to 30 August 2009.The average Ab,Sc,single scattering albedo(SSA) ,and PM2.5 concentration were 58.0±39.5 M m-1,343.5±353.7 M m-1,0.80±0.10 and 63.6±50.0-g m-3,respectively,during the observation period.Ab,Sc,and SSA all showed single peak diurnal variations,with their maximum values being measured at 0500,1000,and 1300 local time,respectively.Ab and Sc had a strong positive correlation with PM2.5,and Ab,Sc,and PM2.5 all had positive correlations with relative humidity and negative correlations with wind speed. 相似文献
14.
北京2004年一次强沙尘暴过程的辐射特征研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用2004年3月27～29 日北京沙尘暴期间观测的辐射、气象以及气溶胶质量浓度的资料,分析了该过程的地面辐射、气象要素以及气溶胶与辐射相互作用的变化特征.结果表明,沙尘暴期间紫外辐射的衰减与可见光辐射强度衰减规律不一致.紫外衰减主要受到细粒子浓度影响,同时紫外辐射占总辐射的比重与气溶胶中细粒子含量成负相关;而可见光辐射强度衰减与总辐射衰减同步.辐射变化和气溶胶质量浓度观测结果均表明,此次沙尘暴过程分为3个阶段,即,细粒子累积期、外地沙尘输入期和清除期.在沙尘暴期间地面一直维持一个低压、干冷的状态;当过程结束后,气压急剧增高,并在一段时间内处于高压控制之下. 相似文献
15.
The air quality model system RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System)-CMAQ (Models-3 Community Multi-scale Air Quality) coupled with an aerosol optical/radiative module was applied to investigate the impact of different aerosol mixing states (i.e., externally mixed, half externally and half internally mixed, and internally mixed) on radiative forcing in East Asia. The simulation results show that the aerosol optical depth (AOD) generally increased when the aerosol mixing state changed from externally mixed to internally mixed, while the single scattering albedo (SSA) decreased. Therefore, the scattering and absorption properties of aerosols can be significantly affected by the change of aerosol mixing states. Comparison of simulated and observed SSAs at five AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) sites suggests that SSA could be better estimated by considering aerosol particles to be internally mixed. Model analysis indicates that the impact of aerosol mixing state upon aerosol direct radiative forcing (DRF) is complex. Generally, the cooling effect of aerosols over East Asia are enhanced in the northern part of East Asia (Northern China, Korean peninsula, and the surrounding area of Japan) and are reduced in the southern part of East Asia (Sichuan Basin and Southeast China) by internal mixing process, and the variation range can reach 5 W m－2. The analysis shows that the internal mixing between inorganic salt and dust is likely the main reason that the cooling effect strengthens. Conversely, the internal mixture of anthropogenic aerosols, including sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, black carbon, and organic carbon, could obviously weaken the cooling effect. 相似文献
16.
利用AERONET观测资料从气候学的角度比较分析了2001-2011年东亚地区沙尘天气发生时沙尘源区和下游区大气气溶胶光学特性。结果表明：沙尘期间沙尘源区气溶胶光学厚度明显大于下游区,而Angstr?m波长指数却小于下游区,当沙尘暴出现时会降至零甚至负值。气溶胶粒子尺度体积谱分布除敦煌为单峰外,其余各站均呈双峰分布,香河和北京的细粒子浓度明显大于西北地区,这可能是由细的沙尘粒子和污染气溶胶共同造成。在440-1020 nm范围内,中国地区气溶胶单次散射反照率平均值为0.93,韩国和日本站分别为0.93和0.94。沙尘源区与下游区相比,复折射指数实部偏大,虚部偏小。总体来说,沙尘天气下东亚地区在4个波段内平均不对称因子为0.70。 相似文献
17.
《Atmospheric Research》2009,91(2-4):253-263
A high-volume cascade impactor, equipped with a PM10 inlet, was used to collect size-segregated aerosol samples during the summer of 2004 at two Portuguese locations: a coastal-rural area (Moitinhos) and an urban area (Oporto). Concentrations of airborne particulate matter (PM), total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) were determined for the following particle size ranges: < 0.49, 0.49–0.95, 0.95–3.0, and 3.0–10 µm. The total PM mass concentrations at the urban and coastal-rural sites ranged from 22.8 to 79.6 μg m− 3 and 19.9 to 28.2 μg m− 3, respectively, and more than 56% of the total aerosol mass was found in the fractions below 3.0 μm. At both locations the highest concentrations of OC and EC were found in the submicrometer size range. The regional variability for the OC and EC concentrations, with the highest concentrations being found in the urban area, was related to the contribution of local primary sources (mostly traffic emissions). It was also verified an enrichment of the small size particles in WSOC, representing on average 37.3(± 12.4)% and 59.7(± 18.0)% of OC in the very fine aerosol at the coastal-rural and urban areas, respectively. The amount of secondary OC calculated by the minimum OC/EC ratio method indicates that secondary organic aerosol formation was important throughout the study at both sites. The obtained results suggest that long-range transport and favourable summer conditions for photochemical oxidation are key factors determining secondary OC formation in the coastal-rural and urban areas. The ultraviolet absorption properties of the chromophoric constituents of the WSOC fractions were also different among the different particle size ranges and also between the two sampling locations, thus suggesting the strong impact of the diverse emission sources into the composition of the size-segregated organic aerosol. 相似文献
18.
研究了非洲地区大气气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）的时空变化及沙尘气溶胶越大西洋海区的传输。结果表明：1）源于撒哈拉沙漠的沙尘及其随赤道东风向西输送使得沙尘气溶胶成为非洲沙漠地区和紧邻的大西洋海区的主要气溶胶组分;AOD高值区和沙尘气溶胶光学厚度高值区在1—7月随赤道辐合带北移同步向北移动,而在8—12月则向南回撤。2）刚果盆地大气气溶胶主要为热带雨林和稀树草原排放的有机碳（OC）和黑碳（BC）气溶胶;其中与生物质燃烧源排放有关的OC、BC高值主要集中在干季（6—9月）的后半段（8—9月）;而生物源OC排放全年连续,其排放峰值出现于雨季开始时;生物质燃烧排放高值期与生物源排放高值期前后相继,形成干季（尤其是后半段）时期的OC、BC光学厚度高值。3）亚马逊河入海口地区主要气溶胶组分为海盐气溶胶,9—11月该区风力输送增强,风向由东南风转变为东风,海盐进入亚马逊河入海口处,形成AOD和海盐气溶胶光学厚度高值区。4）撒哈拉沙漠沙尘气溶胶向大西洋传输的偏北月份为7—9月、偏南月份为1—3月;2000—2016年海区沙尘气溶胶的传输路径存在向南移动的变化趋势,与同期亚速尔高压的增强和沙尘传输路径以北北风分量的增强以及赤道辐合带的移动一致。上述研究结果揭示了利用大气气溶胶时空变化特征反映区域大气环流和气候变化的可能性。 相似文献
19.
Carbonaceous materials in size-segregated atmospheric aerosols from urban and coastal-rural areas at the Western European Coast 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Regina M.B.O. Duarte Cludia L. Mieiro Ana Penetra Casimiro A. Pio Armando C. Duarte 《Atmospheric Research》2008,90(2-4):253-ICNAA07
A high-volume cascade impactor, equipped with a PM10 inlet, was used to collect size-segregated aerosol samples during the summer of 2004 at two Portuguese locations: a coastal-rural area (Moitinhos) and an urban area (Oporto). Concentrations of airborne particulate matter (PM), total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) were determined for the following particle size ranges: < 0.49, 0.49–0.95, 0.95–3.0, and 3.0–10 µm. The total PM mass concentrations at the urban and coastal-rural sites ranged from 22.8 to 79.6 μg m− 3 and 19.9 to 28.2 μg m− 3, respectively, and more than 56% of the total aerosol mass was found in the fractions below 3.0 μm. At both locations the highest concentrations of OC and EC were found in the submicrometer size range. The regional variability for the OC and EC concentrations, with the highest concentrations being found in the urban area, was related to the contribution of local primary sources (mostly traffic emissions). It was also verified an enrichment of the small size particles in WSOC, representing on average 37.3(± 12.4)% and 59.7(± 18.0)% of OC in the very fine aerosol at the coastal-rural and urban areas, respectively. The amount of secondary OC calculated by the minimum OC/EC ratio method indicates that secondary organic aerosol formation was important throughout the study at both sites. The obtained results suggest that long-range transport and favourable summer conditions for photochemical oxidation are key factors determining secondary OC formation in the coastal-rural and urban areas. The ultraviolet absorption properties of the chromophoric constituents of the WSOC fractions were also different among the different particle size ranges and also between the two sampling locations, thus suggesting the strong impact of the diverse emission sources into the composition of the size-segregated organic aerosol. 相似文献
20.
K. V. S. Badarinath Shailesh Kumar Kharol T. R. Kiran Chand K. Madhavi Latha 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2011,111(1-2):65-73
Every year during winter months (December?CJanuary) fog formation over Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) of Indian region is believed to create numerous hazards. The present study addresses variations in aerosol optical properties, aerosol mass concentration and their impact on solar irradiance for pre-during-post fog conditions of December 2004 over IGP, India. Continuous measurements on aerosol optical depth (AOD), total aerosol mass concentration, black carbon (BC) aerosols, UVery and UVA were carried out for pre, during and post fog periods over study site of Allahabad, India, during December 2004 as a part of Aerosol Land Campaign-II conducted by Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). High aerosol mass concentrations were observed during fog and post-fog periods. Accumulation mode particle loading was found to be high during pre-fog period and coarse mode particle loading was observed to be high during fog and post-fog periods. Considerable reduction in UVery and UVA irradiance was observed during fog period compared with pre and post-fog periods. Analysis of NOAA-HYSPLIT model runs suggested that enhanced biomass burning episodes down-wind to the study area increased the concentration of AOD and BC. 相似文献