首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
天津夏季大气消光性质的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用2010年夏季天津城市边界层观测站颗粒物、黑碳气溶胶、氮氧化物(NOX)浓度、地面能见度和气象梯度观测资料,分析了天津夏季大气消光特性及低能见度事件产生的原因。结果表明,天津夏季主要污染物为PM10和PM2.5,大气气溶胶消光系数为529.06M.m-1,其中,吸收系数为50.17M.m-1,散射系数为478.89M.m-1,气体吸收系数为7.74M.m-1,气溶胶单次散射反射率为0.87。天津夏季边界层大气状态有近一半的时间为中性或偏稳定层结,当出现中性或偏稳定层结大气时则有接近一半的情况出现低能见度事件(能见度<5km),影响人们的日常生活。  相似文献   

2.
气溶胶单次散射反照率(SSA)表征气溶胶吸收特性,很大程度上决定了气溶胶辐射强迫的正负,对准确评估气候变化中的气溶胶辐射强迫具有重要意义。根据2004年10月至2016年12月地基AERONET(AERosol RObotic NETwork)和OMI(Ozone Monitoring Instrument)卫星数据,分析了中国北方典型地区(北京、香河、兴隆和兰州郊区)SSA的变化趋势以及两组数据的一致性。4个站AERONET和OMI 的SSA年均值分别为:北京0.89±0.04和0.90±0.04,香河0.89±0.04和0.91±0.04,兴隆0.92±0.04和0.91±0.04,兰州0.91±0.04和0.90±0.04。4个站点SSA季节变化一致,夏季高冬季低。SSA年际变化趋势分析时,因有效数据较少且为非正态分布,用月中位数代替月均值,同时需对数据进行筛选和去季节变化,结果显示北京和香河均有地基和卫星有效数据时间尺度不同的情况,而兴隆OMI和兰州AERONET满足趋势分析要求。在研究期间,4站SSA均呈上升趋势,说明近年来中国北方气溶胶的吸收性减弱,散射特性增强,尤其北京四季地基和卫星数据均呈上升趋势,但香河秋冬吸收性增强。同时,对AERONET和OMI两种反演算法得到的SSA一致性进行分析。香河结果差异较大,仅30%的数据在误差±0.03的范围内,55%在±0.05的范围内;北京分别为46%(±0.03)和68%(±0.05),兴隆分别为50%(±0.03)和76%(±0.05),兰州数据一致性较好,分别为51%(±0.03)和86%(±0.05),总体来说是受人为活动影响比较明显的地区,数据一致性较差。  相似文献   

3.
Urban aerosols have a large effect on the deterioration of air quality and the degradation of atmospheric visibility.Characterization of the chemical composition of PM 2.5 and in situ measurements of the optical properties of aerosols were conducted in July 2008 at an urban site in Guangzhou,Southern China.The mean PM 2.5 concentration for the entire period was 53.7±23.2 μg m 3.The mean PM 2.5 concentration (82.7±25.4 μg m 3) on hazy days was roughly two times higher than that on clear days (38.8±8.7 μg m 3).The total water-soluble ion species and the total average carbon accounted for 47.9%±4.3% and 35.2%±4.5%,respectively,of the major components of PM 2.5.The increase of secondary and carbonaceous aerosols,in particular ammonium sulfate,played an important role in the formation of haze pollution.The mean absorption and scattering coefficients and the single scattering albedo over the whole period were 53±20 M m 1,226±111 M m 1,and 0.80±0.04,respectively.PM 2.5 had a high linear correlation with the aerosol extinction coefficient,elemental carbon (EC) was correlated with aerosol absorption,and organic carbon (OC) and SO 4 2 were tightly linked to aerosol scattering.  相似文献   

4.
利用地面激光雷达、太阳光度计观测反演气溶胶光学特性参数,结合PM2.5观测数据,分析了2018年1月25—28日北京一次完整污染过程中气溶胶光学特性变化。基于观测数据,利用短波辐射传输模式计算了不同程度污染日,晴空背景下气溶胶对辐射加热率的改变程度。结果表明:清洁日(25日),PM2.5日平均质量浓度为19.00 μg·m-3,440 nm气溶胶光学厚度为0.13,单次散射反照率为0.87,整层气溶胶消光系数低于0.10 km-1,短波辐射均为增温效应;污染期间(26—27日),PM2.5日平均质量浓度为83.21 μg·m-3,气溶胶光学厚度为2.48,气溶胶散射能力增强,单次散射反照率达到0.94,气溶胶主要消光层厚度提升至3.00 km高度,消光系数平均值为0.43 km-1,气溶胶在垂直方向的变化导致气溶胶中上层(1.50~3.00 km高度)加热作用强烈,短波辐射加热率平均值达到13.89 K·d-1,而低层(1.50 km高度以内)加热作用较弱,加热率平均值仅为0.99 K·d-1。气溶胶散射能力增强导致加热作用减弱,污染日加热率对于气溶胶散射能力变化更敏感。  相似文献   

5.
太原冬季大气气溶胶的散射特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用积分浊度仪于2005年12月17日-2006年2月14日对太原市区气溶胶散射特性进行了观测分析。结果表明:观测期间气溶胶散射系数小时平均值为(850.2±611.3) Mm-1,散射系数在200~300 Mm-1之间出现的频率最高。太原冬季大气气溶胶散射系数的日变化呈双峰型,散射系数与PM2.5小时平均浓度的线性相关性较好(R2 = 0.82),表明细粒子对散射系数有很大的贡献。观测结果显示气象条件是影响气溶胶散射特性的重要因素之一。  相似文献   

6.
The data, measured by a three-wavelength Integrating Nephelometer over Lanzhou City during the winters of 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 respectively, have been analyzed for investigating the scattering properties of atmospheric aerosols and exploring their relationship and the status of air pollution. The aerosol particle volume distribution is inverted with the measured spectral scattering coefficients. The results show that the daily variation of the aerosol scattering coefficients is in a tri-peak shape. The average ratio of backscattering coefficient to total scattering coefficient at 550 nm is 0.158; there exists an excellent correlation between the scattering coefficients and the concentration of PM10. The average ratio of the concentration of PM10 to the scattering coefficients is 0.37 g m-2, which is contingent on the optical parameters of aerosol particles such as the size distribution, etc.; an algorithm is developed for inverting the volume distribution of aerosol particles by using the histogram and Monte-Carlo techniques, and the test results show that the inversion is reasonable.  相似文献   

7.
华北平原大气污染与低能见度状况一直是人们关切的问题.本文通过分析2014-2017年PM2.5化学成分的浓度和消光效果,研究了华北平原典型城市保定市的大气污染特征.结果表明,PM2.5组分的年均浓度显示下降趋势,水溶性无机离子,碳质气溶胶和金属元素分别减少了11 μg m-3,23μgm-3和1796 ng m-3.NH4+,NO3-和SO42-是PM2.5污染的主要污染物,三者之和占总离子浓度的82.9%.基于IMPROVE方程对细颗粒物进行重构,在观测期间PM2.5质量浓度平均为93±69μgm-3,春季,夏季,秋季和冬季的消光系数分别为373.8±233.6 M m-1,405.3±300.1 M m-1,554.3±378.2 M m-1和1005.2±750.3 M m-1.硫酸铵,硝酸铵和有机物对消光的贡献最大,不同季节下占比达55%~77%.通过PM2.5组分进行重构,利用IMPROVE算法计算得到Rbsca,用能见度测量值转换得到Vbsca,二者具有较高的相关性(r2=0.84);但存在Vbsca的高值被低估,Vbsca的低值被高估的现象;特别是当Rbsca>1123 M m-1(对应能见度约小于2.0 km)时,Vbsca的值被低估了17.6%.高浓度PM2.5和高湿度对IMPROVE算法结果有显著的影响.  相似文献   

8.
Aerosol optical properties and direct radiative effects on surface irradiance were examined using seven years(2006–2012)of Cimel sunphotometer data collected at Panyu—the main atmospheric composition monitoring station in the Pearl River Delta(PRD) region of China. During the dry season(October to February), mean values of the aerosol optical depth(AOD)at 550 nm, the ?ngstr?m exponent, and the single scattering albedo at 440 nm(SSA) were 0.54, 1.33 and 0.87, respectively.About 90% of aerosols were dominated by fine-mode strongly absorbing particles. The size distribution was bimodal, with fine-mode particles dominating. The fine mode showed a peak at a radius of 0.12 μm in February and October(~0.10μm~3μm~(-2)). The mean diurnal shortwave direct radiative forcing at the surface, inside the atmosphere(FATM), and at the top of the atmosphere, was-33.4 ± 7.0, 26.1 ± 5.6 and-7.3 ± 2.7 W m~(-2), respectively. The corresponding mean values of aerosol direct shortwave radiative forcing per AOD were-60.0 ± 7.8, 47.3 ± 8.3 and-12.8 ± 3.1 W m~(-2), respectively. Moreover,during the study period, FATMshowed a significant decreasing trend(p 0.01) and SSA increased from 0.87 in 2006 to 0.91 in 2012, suggesting a decreasing trend of absorbing particles being released into the atmosphere. Optical properties and radiative impacts of the absorbing particles can be used to improve the accuracy of inversion algorithms for satellite-based aerosol retrievals in the PRD region and to better constrain the climate effect of aerosols in climate models.  相似文献   

9.
Particulate matter with diameters of 2.5 μm or smaller(PM_(2.5)) and ozone(O_3) are major pollutants in the urban atmosphere. PM_(2.5) can affect O_3 by altering the photolysis rate and heterogeneous reactions. However, these two processes and their relative importance remain uncertain. In this paper, with Nanjing in China as the target city, we investigate the characteristics and mechanism of interactions between particles and O_3 based on ground observations and numerical modeling.In 2008, the average concentrations of PM_(2.5) and O_3 at Caochangmen station are 64.6 ± 47.4 μg m~(-3) and 24.6 ± 22.8 ppb,respectively, while at Pukou station they are 94.1 ± 63.4 μg m~(-3) and 16.9 ± 14.9 ppb. The correlation coefficient between PM_(2.5) and O_3 is -0.46. In order to understand the reaction between PM_(2.5) and O_3, we construct a box model, in which an aerosol optical property model, ultraviolet radiation model, gas phase chemistry model, and heterogeneous chemistry model,are coupled. The model is employed to investigate the relative contribution of the aforementioned two processes, which vary under different particle concentrations, scattering capability and VOCs/NOxratios(VOCs: volatile organic compounds;NOx: nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide). Generally, photolysis rate effect can cause a greater O_3 reduction when the particle concentrations are higher, while heterogeneous reactions dominate O_3 reduction with low-level particle concentrations.Moreover, in typical VOC-sensitive regions, O_3 can even be increased by heterogeneous reactions. In Nanjing, both processes lead to O_3 reduction, and photolysis rate effect is dominant. Our study underscores the importance of photolysis rate effect and heterogeneous reactions for O_3, and such interaction processes should be fully considered in future atmospheric chemistry modeling.  相似文献   

10.
长三角工业区夏季近地层臭氧和颗粒物污染相互关系研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
利用2013年5月15日到8月31日南京江北工业区(长三角典型工业区)同步的观测资料分析了近地层臭氧(O3)和细颗粒物(PM2.5)、气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)的变化特征及相互间的关系,并结合光化学箱模式分析了AOD对近地层O3生成的影响。结果表明,观测期间PM2.5平均质量浓度为56.2±20.1 μg m-3;AOD(500 nm)均值为1.4±0.9;波长指数α(440~870 nm)均值为1.0±0.3。PM2.5质量浓度24 h均值超国家二级标准20.2%,超标时AOD均值增加14.7%,α平均值增加23.9%,O3体积分数均值减少12.3%。O3超国家二级标准10.1%,超标时段AOD增加34.9%,α变化不显著。高温低湿条件下,O3日变化峰值(y)和PM2.5质量浓度(x)存在较高的线性相关。相对湿度<60%时,两者拟合曲线为y=0.97x+43.96(拟合度R2=0.60),温度>32°C时,两者拟合方程为y=1.24x+30.61(R2=0.64)。夏季长三角工业区呈现高浓度O3与高浓度PM2.5叠加的大气复合污染。O3日变化峰值和AOD变化呈显著负相关。模拟结果显示,O3日变化峰值(y)和AOD(x)呈现极高的负相关[y=-34.28x+181.62,R2 = 0.93或y=220.62·exp (-x/3.17)-19.50,R2=0.99]。  相似文献   

11.
The Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring Network successfully undertook the task of monitoring the atmospheric quality of Beijing and its surrounding area during the 2008 Olympics.The results of this monitoring show that high concentrations of PM2.5 pollution exhibited a regional pattern during the monitoring period(1 June-30 October 2008).The PM2.5 mass concentrations were 53 μg m 3,66 μg m 3,and 82 μg m 3 at the background site,in Beijing,and in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations,respectively.The PM2.5 levels were lowest during the 2008 Olympic Games(8-24 August):35 μg m 3 at the background site,42 μg m 3 in Beijing and 57 μg m 3 in the region.These levels represent decreases of 49%,48%,and 56%,respectively,compared to the prophase mean concentration before the Olympic Games.Emission control measures contributed 62%-82% of the declines observed in Beijing,and meteorological conditions represented 18%-38%.The concentration of fine particles met the goals set for a "Green Olympics."  相似文献   

12.
南京北郊2011年春季气溶胶粒子的散射特征   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
利用南京北郊2011年春季积分浊度仪的观测资料,结合PM2.5质量浓度、能见度和常规气象资料,分析了南京北郊春季气溶胶散射系数的变化特征、散射系数与PM2.5质量浓度和能见度的关系。结果表明,观测期间气溶胶散射系数平均值为311.5±173.3 Mm-1,小时平均值出现频率最高的区间为100~200 Mm-1;散射系数的日变化特征明显,总体为早晚大,中午及午后小。散射系数与PM2.5质量浓度的变化趋势基本一致,但与能见度呈负相关关系。霾天气期间散射系数日平均值为700.5±341.4 Mm-1,最高值达到近1 900 Mm-1;结合地面观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和后向轨迹模式分析显示,霾期间气块主要来自南京南部和东南方向。  相似文献   

13.
广州地区旱季一次典型灰霾过程的特征及成因分析   总被引:18,自引:1,他引:17  
通过研究2009年11月广州市气溶胶颗粒物质量浓度(PM10、PM2.5、PM1)、黑碳浓度、散射系数(Scatter)等大气成分要素,以及微波辐射计、激光雷达及风廓线雷达所探测的风、温、湿等边界层结构,统计分析广州旱季一次典型灰霾过程(2009年11月23—29日)中气溶胶颗粒物及其光学特性的时空变化特征,并配合天气形势背景、边界层结构对其形成原因进行详细分析。在典型灰霾过程中,黑碳浓度高达58.7μg/m3,散射系数高达1 902.7 Mm-1,PM10浓度高达423.5μg/m3,PM2.5浓度高达355.7μg/m3,PM1浓度高达286.5μg/m3。通过对同期的气象条件分析表明在广州地区旱季,区域性污染过程,特别是灰霾天气的形成具有以下三种气象条件:大气边界层高度较低;高压变性出海的天气形势与之密切相关;在偏东和偏南气流带来的高湿度环境下,气溶胶吸湿增长效应显著,导致出现严重灰霾天气。  相似文献   

14.
The column-integrated optical properties of aerosol in Beijing and Xianghe, two AErosol RObotic NETwork(AERONET)sites situated on the North China Plain(NCP), are investigated based on Cimel sunphotometer measurements from October2004 to June 2012. The outstanding feature found is that the seasonal medians of aerosol optical depth(AOD) at the two stations are in good agreement. The correlation coefficients and the absolute differences between AOD at the two stations are larger than 0.84 and less than 0.05, respectively. Good agreement in AOD at these two sites(one urban and the other suburban; 70 km apart) indicates that aerosol pollution in the Greater Beijing area is regional in nature. However, we find significant differences in the absorption ?Angstr ¨om Exponent(AAE), the real and imaginary part of the refractive index, and thereby the single scattering albedo(SSA), and the difference is seasonally dependent. The feature is found to be more prominent in fall when the fine-mode fraction(FMF) and fine-mode effective radius are significantly different at the two stations,besides the parameters mentioned above. The SSA in Beijing at four wavelengths shows lower values as compared to those in Xianghe, although the difference is not significant in some cases. Significant differences in AAE and fine-mode effective radius indicate that there are differences in aerosol physical and chemical properties in urban and suburban regions on the NCP.  相似文献   

15.
本研究从气象条件和减排两方面探讨了COVID-19封锁期间严重雾霾发生的原因[研究目的],并定量的分析了气象条件和减排对PM2.5浓度的相对影响[创新点].使用WRF-Chem在2019年2月3日-16日和2020年2月3日-16日进行了三个数值模拟试验,分别为2019年气象场与MEIC-2019(2019年中国多分辨率月度排放清单),2020年气象场与MEIC-2019,2020年气象场与MEIC-2020[研究方法].结果表明COVID-19封锁期间严重雾霾的原因是不利气象条件增加的PM2.5浓度大于减排减少的PM2.5浓度[重要结论].  相似文献   

16.
王天舒  牛生杰 《大气科学》2017,41(1):121-131
利用内蒙古东胜、锡林浩特两站2004~2006年春季(3~5月)积分浊度计的观测资料,结合同期PM10质量浓度、大气能见度等资料,分析了背景、扬沙、沙尘暴、强沙尘暴等不同强度沙尘天气气溶胶散射系数的分布特征,讨论了不同强度沙尘天气过程中散射系数、PM10、能见度的日变化规律,以及不同强度沙尘天气过程中散射系数与PM10质量浓度、散射系数与能见度的相关关系。结果表明:散射系数能够很好地反映沙尘天气强度;随沙尘天气强度增强,散射系数日变化从双峰型向单峰型转变;沙尘天气强度较弱时,PM10与散射系数的日变化不相似,强沙尘暴过程中PM10与散射系数的日变化有一定的相似性;能见度与散射系数日变化趋势相反;散射系数与PM10质量浓度呈正相关性,沙尘天气越强,相关性越好,背景、扬沙、沙尘暴、强沙尘暴相关系数分别为0.201、0.809、0.898和0.953;散射系数与能见度有指数相关关系,随沙尘天气强度增强二者相关性逐渐增强,背景、扬沙、沙尘暴、强沙尘暴相关系数分别为-0.773、-0.870、-0.918和-0.940。  相似文献   

17.
西北地区气溶胶光学特性及辐射影响   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
利用SACOL(兰州大学半干旱气候与环境观测站)2006~2012年AERONET(全球气溶胶自动监测网)level 2.0和太阳短波辐射计资料,分析了中国西北地区气溶胶的光学特性与辐射影响。利用辐射传输模式SBDART(平面平行大气辐射传输模式)检验TOA(大气层顶)处辐射强迫为正的原因。BOA(地表)、TOA、Atmosphere(大气)的辐射强迫年均值分别是-59.43 W m-2、-17.03 W m-2、42.40 W m-2,AOD(光学厚度,550 nm)年均值0.37,α(波段的波长指数,440~675 nm)年均值0.91,变化趋势与AOD位相相反,当AOD为0.3~2.2时,α很小(0.0~0.2),表明粒子尺度很大。SSA(单次散射反照率,675 nm)年均值0.93,g(不对称因子,675 nm)年均值0.68,复折射指数(675 nm)实部年均值1.48,虚部0.007。复折射指数实部的年变化趋势与AOD一致,虚部与AOD反位相,所以西北地区多为粗模态散射性气溶胶。气溶胶对大气的加热率最大值出现在0~2 km,随高度递减。冬、夏半年在地表加热率分别是2.6 K d-1和0.6 K d-1;季节变化中,冬季、秋季、春季和夏季,在地表的加热率依次是2.5 K d-1、1.4 K d-1、1.2 K d-1和0.2 K d-1,主要因为秋季气溶胶的吸收性大于春季。地表反照率和SSA对TOA正辐射强迫贡献率分别是22.5%和77.5%。  相似文献   

18.
利用2010年2月乌鲁木齐大气成分观测站黒碳仪观测数据,结合散射系数及常规观测资料,对乌鲁木齐冬季黑碳气溶胶浓度变化特征进行了分析,并通过气流后向轨迹进行了来源分析。结果表明:(1)观测期间BC质量浓度日平均值为12707±4673 ng.m-3,浓度变化范围为4916~22997 ng.m-3,散射系数日均值为1086±561Mm-1,变化范围为350~2232 Mm-1。BC质量浓度和散射系数日均值变化趋势基本一致;(2)BC质量浓度日变化具有明显的峰值和谷值,峰值分别出现在9~11时和20~22时,谷值分别出现在4~6时和16~18时,散射系数与BC质量浓度日变化趋势基本一致,相对其有一定的滞后。春节期间燃放烟花爆竹对空气污染物浓度上升有明显作用,显著影响BC质量浓度日变化规律;(3)乌鲁木齐冬季大气层结稳定,污染物不易扩散,风速和降水对黑碳气溶胶浓度具有明显的稀释作用。在乌鲁木齐特殊的地形和气象条件下,本地源排放与来自周边城市群污染物输送的叠加使得污染更加严重。  相似文献   

19.
积分浊度计在沙尘暴监测网试验中应用分析   总被引:12,自引:2,他引:12  
中国气象局在沙尘暴监测网各站点安装了积分浊度计,这是国内首次利用积分浊度计进行大面积气溶胶光学性质的监测。文章选取北京观象台2003年9月2日至11月18日散射系数数据以及部分PMIO质量浓度数据,结合气象资料分析了观测期间散射系数的变化特征,散射系数与PMIO质量浓度以及能见度的关系,得出观测期间散射系数的平均值(标准偏差)为306.2Mm^-1(292.78Mm^-1);风速对散射系数有重要影响;散射系数与PMIO质量浓度有较好的相关性(r=0.761),与能见度存在负相关关系(r=-0.716)。  相似文献   

20.
利用2006年3~5月天空辐射计观测数据反演得到北京地区春季大气气溶胶光学性质参数,包括大气气溶胶光学厚度(0.5μm)、Angstrm指数、单次散射反射比和粒子谱分布特征。结果表明:北京地区春季气溶胶平均光学厚度0.67,Angstrm指数0.54,单次散射比0.88,粒子吸收性质较弱,粒子谱呈双峰形,以粗粒子为主,粗、细模态粒子粒径分别集中在0.17μm和7.7μm左右。相比2004年此次观测期间气溶胶粒径较大,粒子体积浓度较高,散射作用在其消光特性中的比重略有下降。光学厚度日变化呈单峰型,日间单次散射比随时间逐渐递减,Angstrm指数在上午递减趋势明显,午后变得稳定。对同时观测的天空辐射计与CE-318不同波长光学厚度结果进行比较,结果显示两者得到的光学厚度相关性很好,各波长小时平均结果的相对误差小于7%。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号