共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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本文把信息理论引入到刻划气候可预报性中,特别是借用了熵和信息传递(transinformation)的概念。熵定量地表示了我们对气候系统状态了解的不确定性。信息传递代表了在已知初始距平大小的情况下,在任意时刻t获得的关于这一距乎的信息。信息传递有许多吸引人的性质,能用来作气候系统可预报性的一种量度。通过一个简单的随机气候模式(一个受噪声强迫的能量平衡模式)对这些概念如何用于气候可预报性作了解释。尽管我们对初始状态有充分了解,但研究表明信息传递描述了关于距平的信息衰减。本文还特别对把信息传递推广到其他气候模式时的用途作了讨论。 相似文献
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中国月平均温度的气候噪声和潜在可预报性 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
利用中国74个测站1960～1991年日平均温度研究了中国月平均温度的气候噪声和潜在可预报性。气候噪声是在Yamamoto等人的思想基础上设计的方法估计的,而潜在可预报性则是用月平均温度的年际变化与自然变化（气候噪声）之比表示的。一般情况下中国月平均温度的气候噪声随纬度和高度增加而增加,并随季节变化而变化。来自西伯利亚和蒙古的变性大陆干冷气团对气候噪声有很大的影响,一般而言,海洋对气候噪声起着调节和减弱作用（除了热带海洋在春秋过渡季节外）。月平均温度的潜在可预报性有较大的季节和区域差异。但总的来说中国月平均温度在α＝0．10的统计显著性水平上是潜在可预报的。这些结果表明由于气候噪声和潜在可预报性有季节和区域的差异,所以不能要求用一个气候模式在任何时候对每一地区都得到满意的结果。要对各月的气候进行预报,需根据不同月份至少不同季节建立区域气候模式可能更有发展前景。 相似文献
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用典型相关分析作副高的统计动力预报模式可预报性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文提出一个关于西太平洋副热带高压（简称副高）的统计动力预报模式，利用它和典型相关分析方法对冬、春和夏季逐月副高预报的可行性进行研究。结果表明，模式的可预报性依赖于预报量场和因子场所提取的分量数，模式的差分形式及预报落后步长。对逐月和不同步长所作的可预报性分析发现步长为1个月有较高的可预报性，不同月份可预报性有所不同，一般夏季较冬季和春季要差。虽然如此，用该模式作夏季副高预报还是具有一定的可能性。在独立样本中所作的预报试验表明，月际预报符号相关系数一般均接近或超过0.60。 相似文献
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基于T639集合预报的持续性强降水中期客观预报技术研究 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
针对持续性强降水预报困难的问题,根据Anderson-Darling检验原理,构建基于中国气象局T639集合预报系统的持续性强降水中期客观预报方法。对比分析2010-2015年5-9月T639集合预报降水与实况降水的累积概率分布函数差异,在此基础上采用扩展时间序列和空间范围的方法构建3种模式气候累积概率方案,通过批量预报试验和检验,选取最优概率方案纳入预报模型,考察持续性强降水个例的最长预报时间。结果表明,随着预报时效的延长,集合预报模式的降水逐渐集中于小和中雨量级,无降水和暴雨以上量级的降水概率低于观测,168 h以后模式降水概率趋于稳定。通过扩展时间序列和空间范围能弥补模式气候资料年限不足所带来的偏差,根据区域气候特征细分模式气候的方法重点突出了不同区域的降水特征,明显优于简单集合所有区域数据的模式气候方案。基于集合预报的持续性强降水预报模型对持续性强降水个例的预报能力为8-9 d,随着预报时效的延长,降水强度以及雨带位置的预报能力逐渐减弱。 相似文献
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Zebiak-Cane数值模式的可预报性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用Zebiak-Cane(ZC)模式关于热带太平洋海表温度距平(SSTA)的预报资料,从预报误差发展的角度,考察了该模式关于El Ni(n)o/La Ni(n)a事件生长期和衰减期以及正常年份SSTA的预报技巧.结果表明,ZC模式关于ENSO预报的一个最突出的特征是:El Ni(n)o事件生长期SSTA的预报误差存在着明显的季节依赖性,最大预报误差增长通常出现在春季和夏初(AMJ),存在显著的春季可预报性障碍(SPB);对于El Ni(n)o事件的衰减期、La Ni(n)a事件的生长期和衰减期以及正常年份,SSTA预报误差没有明显的季节依赖性.作者比较了ZC模式关于ENSO事件不同发展阶段(生长期和衰减期)以及正常年份SSTA的可预报性.结果表明,La Ni(n)a生长期SSTA的预报最困难;在El Ni(n)o事件、La Ni(n)a事件和正常年份3种情形中,ZC模式关于La Ni(n)a事件的预报技巧最低.用上述动力学方法,进一步考察了ZC模式预报技巧的年代际变化.结果表明,ZC模式在20世纪80年代SPB现象相对较弱,有较高的预报技巧;而在70和90年代,ZC模式预报技巧明显低于80年代,同时伴有显著的SPB现象. 相似文献
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首先采用方差分析方法，研究了实际大气500 hPa高度场的月尺度可预报性，并进一步分析了不同空间尺度大气运动的可预报性及其对大气整体运动可预报性的影响；对ECMWF和国家气候中心T63谱模式分别模拟和预报的500 hPa高度场，也用同样的方法进行了研究。结果表明，欧洲中心和我国T63模式大气的可预报性均比实际大气可预报性小，特别是在对整体运动可预报性影响最大的0～3波部分，差异较大，说明改进模式对0～3波部分的预报能力，必将提高模式性能。 相似文献
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本文基于数值模式预报发展了强对流相似预报方法。该方法采用对流参数作为相似预报量,对比当前预报与历史预报的相似物理量场挑选与当前预报最相似的时刻,并利用这些时刻对应的强对流观测权重叠加作为当前预报时刻的强对流预报。以NCEP/GFS预报场资料,对该方法的有效性进行了检验。检验结果表明,该方法对中国地区的强对流有良好预报效果。作为数值预报的有效补充,该方法具有以下几点优势:简便易实现,具有很高的可移植性:以对流参数作为相似预报量,充分利用了模式对温,压,湿,风等基本气象要素预报比较准确的优势;有效避免了对流参数进行强对流预报时的临界值选取问题,考虑了强对流发生的地域性,气候性特点。 相似文献
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四个耦合模式ENSO后报试验的“春季预报障碍” 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用CliPAS计划中3个气候模式和中国科学院大气物理研究所耦合模式FGOALS-g短期气候异常回报试验结果,将动力和统计方法相结合,考察了1982—2003年厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜事件发展期和衰减期海表温度春季可预报性障碍现象。结果表明,所考察的耦合模式对ENSO事件预报的误差发展存在明显的季节依赖性,最大误差增长通常发生在春季,发生显著的可预报性障碍现象。进一步分析发现厄尔尼诺事件和拉尼娜事件在发展期的季节预报障碍现象比衰减期明显,以厄尔尼诺事件发展期春季可预报性障碍现象最为显著,拉尼娜事件衰减期季节预报障碍现象不显著。研究还发现,预报误差的增长在ENSO事件冷暖位相具有显著的非对称性,发展期暖位相预报误差强于冷位相,而衰减期冷位相的预报误差比暖位相大。通过回归分析,诊断了海-气相互作用的强度,发现耦合系统在春季最不稳定,使预报误差最易在春季发展,从而导致可预报性障碍。 相似文献
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Summary In this paper, based on the data at 162 stations selected over China from 1960 to 1991 the climatic noise and potential predictability of monthly mean temperature have been studied. The method of estimating climatic noise is based on the idea of Yamamoto et al. (1985) and the potential predictability is expressed by the ratio of the estimated inter-annual variation to the estimated natural variation (or climatic noise). Generally the climatic noise of monthly mean temperature increases with latitude and altitude and varies with season. The continental air from Siberia and Mongolia plays a significant role and the ocean acts as an adjustor and a reductor in the climatic noise except for the tropical Pacific ocean in transitional season. The potential predictability is diversified from month to month and one station to another, but generally the monthly mean temperature over China is potentially predictable at statistical significance level 0.10. The results suggest that we could not ask a climate model to predict the climate with satisfactory results worldwide in all seasons and that the regional model could be a hopeful way to predict the climate.With 3 Figures 相似文献
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In this paper,based on the data at 70 stations selected evenly over China for 31 years from 1961-1991.three methods to estimate climatic noise have been discussed and then the climatic noise and potential predictability of monthly precipitation(January.July.April and October)have been examined.The estimating of climatic noise is based on the method of Madden and improved methods of Trenberth and Yamamoto et al.(1985).The potential predictability is approximated by the ratio of the estimated interannual variation to the natural variation.Generally.the climatic noise of monthly precipitation over China has obvious seasonal variation and it is greater in summer than in winter,a bit greater in autumn than in spring.In most areas,the climatic noise is prominently decreasing from south to north and from coast to inland.The potential predictability of monthly precipitation also has obvious seasonal and regional difference,but the potential predictability is greater in winter than in summer in most parts of China.Whereas the comparison of spring and autumn is not obvious.Comparing with the method of Madden,the estimated values of climatic noise based on the improved methods of Trenberth and Yamamoto et al.are relatively lower. 相似文献
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Summary An atmosphere-land coupled simple climate model is constructed and its climatic properties are analyzed by introducing a global analysis method, cell mapping. The simple model is a nonlinear six order simplified climate model featured with chaotic dynamics, dissipation, and forcing source, which are the main features of the real climate system. The cell mapping method is applied with this coupled system. Numerical experiments are carried out for investigating the interactions between the fast-changing atmospheric variables and slow-changing underlying surface variables. The predictability of the system is also investigated via the global analysis, with which the evolution of the system is translated to the evolution of probability transition on a Markov Chain. An effective scheme is proposed for computing the probability transition matrix for the coupled system. Predictions can be made based on the combination of dynamics and statistics. The importance of constructing the coupled model is shown by globally analyzing the predictability of the coupled system. The coupling mechanism prolongs the memorization of initial information, and then the predictability as well. 相似文献
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NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS FOR CLIMATE VARIABILITY OF MONSOON UNDER THE UNITED EFFECTS OF ANTARCTIC ICE COVER AND SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE* 
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下载免费PDF全文 In order to study the mechanisms of climate natural variability under the united effects of antarctic ice cover(AIC) and sea surface temperature(SST),we have done a series of numerical experiments for the climate variability of the period from January 1981 to December 1983 by using a threelevel atmospheric general circulation model(AGCM).Firstly we conduct climate integration for sixyears,then 3 years' control integration from January 16 of the seventh year.Moreover,we do threesensitivity experiments,which are the sensitivity experiments forced by observed SST and AIC.observed SST and climatic AIC,observed AIC and climatic SST respectively,to study the climate variability and its mechanisms affected by SST and AIC.We put emphasis on the variability of East Asiamonsoon and the Southern Hemisphere(SH) circulation.In this paper,introduction is made to theresults of control test and the sensitivity experiment forced by observed SST and AIC,and the predictability of the monsoon climate variability is discussed. 相似文献
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The precipitation is a primary element which directly affects the agricultural production of thecountry with one fifth of the world population.With the economic development the water resourcestress is getting greater.In this paper,based on the data at 162 stations selected evenly over Chinafrom 1960 to 1991 the stability and potential predictability of annual precipitation have been stud-ied.The eastern and southern parts of the country having abundant precipitation enjoy more stableprecipitation.The north and northwest parts of the country where the precipitations are deficienthave unstable precipitations.The potential predictability approximates to the ratio of the estimatedinterannual variance to the climatic noise.Generally the annual precipitation over China is poten-tially predictable.In the area between the Huanghe River and Changjiang River and the east ofnortheastern China the potential predictability is the lowest in the country.In the north and north-west of the country the potential predictability is greater.The southeastern coast has relatively lowvalues of potential predictability.Also,the method of estimating climatic noise of annual precipita-tion has been discussed from the idea of Yamamoto et al.(1985)in order to estimate the potentialpredictability. 相似文献
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Persistence in surface air temperature anomaly (SATA) time series over 1901–2010 observed at four cities: Nagpur, Pune, Mumbai and Delhi of India is examined using rescaled-range and predictability index. A gap of 40 years is observed in predictability maxima, which is linked with the short-range correlations. Seasonal analysis showed unpredictability of SATA during four seasons at Nagpur, during summers at Pune and Mumbai, and during monsoon and post-monsoon at Mumbai and Delhi. Significant change is observed after 1991 at Delhi, Nagpur and Mumbai with a respective increase of 1.7, 2.2 and 3.3 °C in surface air temperature (SAT) during 1901–2010. The spatial and temporal variations in the SAT in four cities are attributed to their geographic and climatic conditions. The results suggest the utility of the rescaled-range analysis and predictability index in exploring the changes in the climatic variables. 相似文献
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Xiwei Yin 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1998,68(1-2):99-113
Summary A general lack of information on atmospheric optical properties (e.g., the transmission coefficient) is a major obstacle to the use of the Lambert-Beer Laws in numerical modeling. This paper reports on an effort to extract those properties from solar irradiance records and capture their variations in relation to commonly available climatic information. The end product of the effort is a Lambert-Beer Laws-based model that is complete with functions projecting atmospheric coefficients and that differentiates direct, sky-diffuse and terrestrially-reflected solar irradiance. The model is driven by calendar day, four location factors (latitude, elevation, slope azimuth, slope inclination) and three climatic variables (bright-sunshine duration, precipitation, temperature). It effectively reproduces monthly solar irradiance data from around the world. 相似文献
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该文利用 IAP L2 AGCM1 - 1模式进行 1 7年 ( 1 980～ 1 996年 )、每年 9个单个积分的集合后报试验 ,采用方差分析的方法对试验结果进行可预报性研究 .结果表明 :在热带地区 ,海表温度 ( SST)异常引起的可预报性较高 ,50 0 h Pa高度场高值区沿热带呈带状分布 ,在热带外仅有部分相对高值区 ;在中高纬度地区 ,春季的可预报性高于夏季 ;一般来说各场的可预报性海洋高于陆地 .在北太平洋春季 ,50 0 h Pa高度场、海平面气压场和表面气温场有一可预报高值区 .在中国区域 ,降水场、海平面气压场和表面气温场的可预报性从我国南海向西北递减 . 相似文献
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Variation characteristics of persistent drought events in Guangdong province are analyzed using 45-year(1961-2005) and 86-station observational precipitation data of Guangdong,and the causes of drought events are discussed from different angles(e.g.,atmospheric circulation,sea surface temperature) on the basis of global coverage datasets of sea surface temperature and atmospheric elements.It is found that the occurrence frequency of persistent drought events in Guangdong province is once every 26 months on average,and autumn-winter or winter-spring persistent drought events take up the majority.The persistent drought events possess large scale spatial characteristics.While the 1960s is the most frequent and strongest decade of drought events in the latter half of the 20th century,the occurrence is more frequent and the intensity is stronger in the first five years of the 21st century(2001-2005).This reflects the response of regional extreme climatic events in Guangdong to global climatic change.The atmospheric circulation,sea surface temperature,etc,appear to have different abnormal characteristics when drought events happen in different seasons.The results of this paper provide some good reference information for the drought forecast,especially for the dynamic interpretation of climatic model products. 相似文献