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桩腿耦合装置(简称LMU)在平台浮托安装过程中上部组块插尖与导管架桩管对接期间起缓冲作用,是海上浮装的最重要装置之一。运用非线性有限元软件ABAQUS,对相同尺寸、受相同垂向载荷作用的有沙箱和无沙箱的LMU分别进行了显式准静态和动态数值模拟,并将计算结果进行对比,以考察沙箱对LMU力学特性的影响。结果表明,与无沙箱的LMU相比,有沙箱的LMU能够承受较大的外载荷作用,可提升外套筒钢材的使用效率,较迅速地降低载荷转移作业过程中整个平台的运动速度,提高平台浮托安装过程中能量吸收速率,并且能减小LMU在动态过程中的最大应力。 相似文献
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核电厂温排水环境影响评价及减缓措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
核电厂温升范围预测、法规适应性分析、热影响生态效应研究及热污染影响评价等方面,对我国拟建核电厂的温排水环境影响现状、评价方法及相关研究内容进行概述,在此基础上,针对目前温排水环境影响评价中的不足,从完善相关法规要求、加强热污染影响基础研究和考虑热影响叠加效应等角度给出研究者和管理人员所应关注的内容,并提出了可减缓热污染影响的余热利用措施的建议。 相似文献
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In consideration of the global optimization for engineering projects, a group of calculation formulas have been derived by means of theoretical derivation and model tests. On this basis, a design procedure for the distorted units is proposed, by means of which the distorted units of an anology shape and an identical porosity ratio with the original units can be obtained after conducting a distorted enlargement and a normal contraction. The stability waveheight and stability factor of the distorted unit can be calculated with the enlargement factor, a, of the horizontal dimension of the distorted unit, or with the contraction scale, A , of the contracted distorted unit. As a result, the stability of the armor unit can be significantly improved without increasing the quantity of concrete. For the same wave met by the original units, the thickness of placement of the contracted distorted unit can be obviously reduced, thus, a large quantity of concrete can be saved, consequently, economic benefit can be achieved. 相似文献
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文章以瓯江入海河口水体为研究对象,结合综合指数法对2013—2018年瓯江入海水体水质变化趋势进行分析与评价,同时分析主要污染物的入海通量变化,以期为温州海域近岸环境改善提供参考。结果表明:瓯江河口水体中TP、CODCr超出《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838—2002）III类水质标准。瓯江河口水质综合污染指数均值为6.54,平均污染指数均值为0.60,主要污染物为TP和CODCr,研究期间瓯江河口水体环境质量呈好转趋势。瓯江年均污染物入海总量约为665 950 t,污染物入海通量中CODCr占比最大,其次为TP;2014—2018年,TP入海通量呈下降趋势。 相似文献
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Sungduk Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(6):572-578
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the behavior and mechanism of a debris flow on various slopes through numerical simulation. The numerical simulation consisted of using equations related to mass conservation and momentum conservation in order to consider erosion and deposition, and the Finite Difference Method was applied. As the inflow water discharge in the upstream of the channel increases, the curve of the water discharge exhibits instability and, as time passes, the fluctuation of the high water discharge continues. In regions where the mountain areas and the ocean are connected, it is deduced that the high level of sediment concentration can greatly affect the environment surrounding the ocean. The numerical model of this study was applied in Kangwon Province of South Korea. The results show that when the debris flow reaches downstream, the flow discharge and water flow depth increase. Erosion occurs more than deposition and much of the sediment runs off downstream. The result of the simulation performed at point of sediment discharge runoff is 114,216 m3. This study will provide useful information in predicting disasters caused by debris flow and in planning for various countermeasures to prevent debris-flow-related disasters. 相似文献
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《Ocean & Coastal Management》2007,50(1-2):24-34
This study, which was carried out during 1999–2002, deals with the identification of the environmental sensitivity of the Mediterranean coastline of Israel to marine oil spills. It includes GIS sensitivity mapping and an analysis of the environmental vulnerability of Israel's shoreline resources.The study analyses the main sources of risk for maritime accidents in the southeastern Mediterranean and develops scenarios for possible oil spills incidents, including an analysis of the priorities for protection of the various coastal ecosystems, in an event of a large spill. It describes the morphology of the coastline of Israel, as well as the main hydrographic and meteorological patterns that dominate and control the dynamics of the shorelines, and of potential major oil spills. The study also discusses the different ways in which oil spills may affect natural ecosystems and socio-economic resources along the coastline of Israel.The basic research question of the study was how different geomorphic and land-use types of the Mediterranean shoreline would be affected by large quantities of spilled oil washing ashore from the sea. The study aims at determining the relative sensitivity of different types of shoreline and ‘prioritizing’ the different types of shoreline and coastal resources to be protected following a large oil spill. The study also aims at presenting the data collected and analyzed to both the scientific and environmental communities, and to the operational national authorities responsible for oil spill preparedness and response, in a clear and useful way.One of the main conclusions of the study is that generally, the sensitivity of the Israeli Mediterranean coastline to oil spills could be considered moderate, compared with other fragile ecosystems. This is mainly because of the morphology of the sandy beaches and the high exposure of most types of beaches to energetic natural cleanup processes. Still, along the southeastern Mediterranean coastline there are ecosystems, habitats, shoreline types and coastal resources that are sensitive to oil spills. 相似文献
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定量风险评估是风险评估发展的主要趋势。论文基于TOPS IS和神经网络响应面法,提出一种定量风险分析方法,并运用此方法对导管架海上安装过程进行深入分析,以及时查找并消除各方面的事故隐患。首先找出潜在的风险事件及相关风险因素,然后对风险事件的模糊概率和损失程度后果进行量化,最后依据风险评价结果对需要控制的风险事件给出控制措施。实例表明,该方法是一种实用而有效的定量风险评估方法。 相似文献
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本文利用PHC、ECCO2、SODA、GECCO3和CMIP6资料,分析了北冰洋热含量的水平分布特征、季节变化和长期变化趋势等,评估了CMIP6模式对北冰洋海洋热含量的模拟能力。研究发现,北冰洋海洋热含量表现出明显的季节变化:热含量在4月份最低,9月份最高;在历史情形下(1850?2014年),相较观测和再分析资料,CMIP6多模式集合平均(MME)的上层500 m热含量在格陵兰海偏暖,在挪威海、巴伦支海和欧亚海盆偏冷,MME的全水深热含量在北冰洋几乎所有区域均偏暖,在格陵兰海偏差最大;CMIP6模式对北冰洋温度剖面模拟偏差较大,MME平均温度在1 000 m以深均高于观测和再分析资料。在未来情形下(2015?2100年),MME表现出明显的北冰洋增暖情形,但绝大多数中国模式没有表现出明显的增暖情形。中国模式中,BCC-CSM2-MR和BCC-ESM1对北冰洋年平均热含量的模拟较差,CIESM对热含量季节和年代际变化模拟较差,FIO-ESM-2-0对北冰洋上层500 m年平均热含量及热含量季节和年代际变化的模拟都比较好。 相似文献
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If the rising sea level due to climate change proceeds in the future with the rate observed in the past four decades, it could inundate some coastal lowlands. The aim of this paper is to assess future risk of sea-level rise (SLR) on the Nile delta of Egypt located along the Mediterranean Sea. Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are verified, against ground control points, and used to identify areas susceptible to inundation due to future SLR. Analysis of DEMs maps and cross-shore profiles has identified locations that are vulnerable to SLR including coastal wetlands, agriculture areas, and urban neighborhoods. The results have revealed that about 7% of the Nile delta area is at risk of inundation due to future SLR. This information could be used by coastal zone managers in planning and protection of coastal areas. 相似文献
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中国南部海区及其邻域区域构造图的编制方法及地质构造单元划分 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国南部海区及邻域1∶1 000 000地质地球物理系列图已编制完成并将出版,区域构造图是其中的主要图件之一。本文主要介绍该专业图件的编图思路、方法、地质构造单元的划分原则和主要地质构造单元的特征。该图主要以板块构造理论为指导,采取了剥皮法(剥去第四系)编图方法,主要表达区域地质构造特征,包括构造单元划分、断裂构造、岩浆活动、盆地分布等特征,在海底和沉积盆地中,还用等值线表示出了新生界的厚度。基于现今大地构造格局将本区划分出六级地质构造单元:一级构造单元为板块(欧亚板块、菲律宾海板块),二级构造单元为构造域(东亚大陆构造域、东亚大陆边缘构造域),三级构造单元为地块或岛弧,四级构造单元为盆地、隆起区、隆褶带或海盆区,五级构造单元为隆起或坳陷,六级构造单元为凸起或凹陷。 相似文献
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Underwater acoustic technologies may be used for remote sensing of estuarine and coastal benthic habitat in addition to more traditional methods of assessing the seabed. These systems use reflected sound energy to identify surface objects, texture, and subbottom density discontinuities, and to classify benthic habitat. We evaluated the ability of subbottom profiling systems, side scan sonar, and acoustic seabed classification systems (ASCS) to assess oyster habitat in the Chesapeake Bay. Our criteria were the systems' abilities to assess the quality and quantity of oyster shell resources and to integrate with Geographical Information Systems (GIS) technology for the charting of the seabed. Although all systems examined have previously been used for benthic habitat assessment, we found that ASCS offered the most promise as a stand alone system for mapping complex and heterogeneous habitat typical of oyster bottoms. The results from this study suggest that ASCS technology is highly suited for the identification and charting of oyster shell as well as distinguishing among different combinations of shell and fine sediments. Such systems also offer excellent linkage with GIS display and analysis capability. 相似文献
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Underwater acoustic technologies may be used for remote sensing of estuarine and coastal benthic habitat in addition to more traditional methods of assessing the seabed. These systems use reflected sound energy to identify surface objects, texture, and subbottom density discontinuities, and to classify benthic habitat. We evaluated the ability of subbottom profiling systems, side scan sonar, and acoustic seabed classification systems (ASCS) to assess oyster habitat in the Chesapeake Bay. Our criteria were the systems' abilities to assess the quality and quantity of oyster shell resources and to integrate with Geographical Information Systems (GIS) technology for the charting of the seabed. Although all systems examined have previously been used for benthic habitat assessment, we found that ASCS offered the most promise as a stand alone system for mapping complex and heterogeneous habitat typical of oyster bottoms. The results from this study suggest that ASCS technology is highly suited for the identification and charting of oyster shell as well as distinguishing among different combinations of shell and fine sediments. Such systems also offer excellent linkage with GIS display and analysis capability. 相似文献
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Louis A. Tremblay Olivier Champeau Patrick L. Cahill Steve Pullan Natasha Grainger Ian C. Duggan 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2019,53(1):97-112
Non-indigenous zooplankton species pose a biosecurity threat to New Zealand’s freshwater native taxa. Nine species are known to have established in New Zealand lakes to date. The spread of some zooplankton taxa is linked to the translocation of farmed fish, principally grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), and recreational vessel movements. The aims of this study were to assess the effectiveness of a range of chemical and physical treatments for transport water and associated equipment to kill freshwater cladoceran, copepod, and rotifer zooplankton species, and their risk to non-target fish. Sodium chloride was the most effective and applicable chemical treatment tested at length in the cladoceran and, combined with physical treatment via mechanical filtration of water or hot water immersion of equipment (to also manage the risk of diapausing eggs), represents an effective option for the control of non-indigenous zooplankton, with limited impact on stenohaline fish. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
Decline in tuna fish stocks due to weak enforcement of regulations on fishing effort poses a challenge to the sustainability of tuna fishery. Intervention programs to address this problem require an understanding of the operational behaviour of the fishers and how various socioeconomic factors may impact fishers’ decisions to continue or discontinue their fishing efforts. A semi-structured interview questionnaire was developed to find whether fishers are willing to keep, change their fishing strategies or exit the fishery if their regular catch will decline by half. Boat captains, assistant boat captains and crew from General Santos City, Lupon, Mati City and Governor Generoso in the Philippines (n=293) were purposively selected for interviews. Results show that fishers from General Santos City with ancillary industries and Lupon with fewer economic development are more willing to adapt or change their fishing strategies. The catch value or price was found to have a strong influence on the likelihood that anchored FAD tuna fishers will adapt or change their fishing strategy when their catches decline. Fishers whose catch fetched a price of PhP 151.00 (US$ 3.48) and above Php 200 (US$ 4.61) have 80% probability to change their fishing strategy. The proportion of catch sold also had a high influence on the decisions to adapt in the fishery with fishers selling 36% and 73% of their catches have 100% and 70% probability to adapt. The results suggest a reluctance to exit the fisheries even when tuna fishing is no longer economically viable, fishers opt to adapt. 相似文献
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The present work was carried out to assess the performance of an equivalent force model for the rapid analysis of mooring lines subject to horizontal motions. The verification is performed for cases of practical interest. Due to the very distinct behaviour of slack, moderately slack and taught moorings, these are analysed separately and the variation in the model coefficients is justified. It is shown that the methodology provides reasonable estimates of the mooring line behaviour. The final equation is very simple to introduce into a vessel motion program and is also thought to be useful in controller design or stability analysis. 相似文献
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多环芳烃(PAHs)与纳米材料污染已对沉积物生态系统和人类生存环境构成严重威胁,其复合污染的毒性效应环境危害可能更大。为了深入探讨PAHs与纳米材料对近岸表层沉积物反硝化作用的复合毒性效应,本文选取位于胶州湾(JZB)的大沽河河口区(DRE)E站和湾内S站,分别以菲和纳米银代表PAHs和纳米材料,通过测定不同剂量单一及复合污染下沉积物反硝化潜势(PDA)的变化,结合浓度相加模型(CA)、独立作用模型(IA)和中效/联合指数等效图法(CI)三种复合毒性评价方法,评价菲和纳米银对沉积物反硝化潜势的复合毒性效应,并对评价方法进行了优选。结果表明,两种污染物浓度越高,对研究区域反硝化潜势的抑制作用越大。菲、纳米银单一及复合作用下对河口区沉积物反硝化潜势的EC50值分别为44.62、112.49和64.86 mg·kg-1,对湾内分别为61.79、147.05和96.18 mg·kg-1。菲单一作用对反硝化潜势的抑制效应强于纳米银,但复合污染的抑制效应更强。两种污染物对河口区的沉积物反硝化潜势抑制效应强于湾内,可能与河口区具有较高Eh和沉积物颗粒度及较低的pH、盐度和有机质含量有关。三种毒性效应评价方法的结果表明,菲和纳米银的复合污染对2个站位反硝化潜势的毒性效应均为协同作用,且对大沽河河口区的协同作用更强。此外,CI法对复合效应的预测结果比CA和IA法更为接近实际观测值,且CI不需要考虑污染物作用模式的限制,因此认为CI法更适用于评价混合污染对沉积物反硝化作用复合影响的效果。本研究结果表明,菲和纳米银会增强彼此对反硝化菌及反硝化功能的毒性效应,由此推断,PAHs和纳米材料在环境中同时存在时比其单独存在对沉积环境的危害更大。 相似文献