共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
James M. Fitton Martin Lehmann David C. Major 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2020,13(9):1040-1054
ABSTRACT Coastal settlements face many hazards from climate change. Consequently, there has been extensive focus on developing and implementing adaptation. However, these efforts have prodominantly centred on larger cities. Coastal towns and small cities (urban areas between 1000 and 100,000 people) have received little attention, despite experiencing a number of barriers to adaptation. The absence of information on the global scale of the adaptation challenge within coastal towns and small cities may have contributed to these settlements being overlooked. This paper develops a method that can be used to estimate the numbers, sizes, and locations of coastal towns and small cities worldwide from global population data (Global Human Settlement data). Denmark is used as a pilot for this method with settlements over 1000 people classified with relatively high accuracy. The method developed here represents a potentially fruitful approach to supporting coastal adaptation, as coastal towns and small cities are identifiable globally, they can be classified into types. This will support an assessment of their risk to coastal hazards, and could facilitate knowledge and practice sharing between similar coastal towns and small cities. 相似文献
2.
基于GIS的中国南方传统聚落景观保护管理信息系统初步研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
中国南方广大地域范围内分布着为数众多的传统聚落,它们历经沧桑而幸存至今,成为聚落文化景观的“活化石”,包含着丰富的历史文化信息,是一笔宝贵的历史遗产。但在城市化的进程中,它们面临着被损毁的厄运,因此加强对这些传统聚落的保护研究就显得十分必要。引进G IS技术来进行传统聚落景观管理是一个值得探索的方向;以南方地区208个经典古镇作为研究样本,初步建立我国南方传统聚落景观保护管理信息系统,就是这种探索的有益尝试。通过对该系统的目标与意义、结构与功能、技术路线的选择、后续功能的构想等方面的阐述,证实了应用G IS技术可以实现传统聚落景观的多源数据集成与管理;指出了民居建筑数据库作为文化遗产数字化的一个方向,对文化传承和历史记忆的延续具有不可替代的作用。 相似文献
3.
Mohammad Sharifikia 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2010,38(4):708-716
Earthquakes cause huge loss of lives and infrastructure every year in Iran. Many settlement areas (urban & rural) as well
as Tehran, the capital city of Iran are located in the hazardous area. This research deals with the earthquake risk assessment
and mapping based on recent remote sensing information on a GIS platform. The study area is part of Central Alborz in southern
Caspian Sea and north of capital city of Tehran called Marzanabad area. It is a potentially high-risk zone as several earthquakes
have occurred in the past. The study’s main objective is to develop an Earthquake Risk Map at the scale of 1:25,000 to identify
high-risk zone and vulnerability areas to the settlements and infrastructure of area. Digital lineaments wear extraction and
analysis for identification the faults using several RADAR and optical images with spatial analysis techniques. The probable
faults were detected by superimposition of the lithological and geomorphologic features and their variance over the lineaments
in a GIS environment. This research work involved fault identification on the remote sensed dataset as well as field studies
and the risky areas were classified in the vicinity of the faults by applying different buffer with specifying distance of
the source/site of risk to fault location. Statistical analysis of Earthquake Risk Map (ERM) by GIS indicated that 32% of
the total area with about 66% of settlements and 52% of population is located in strongly high-risk and high-risk zone. Moderately
low risk and low risk zones cover 38.67% of total area, which is free of settlements as well as population. The Earthquake
map elaborated in this research work will be a useful tool for disaster management as well as urban and regional planning
of future activities in the area. 相似文献
4.
了解区域人口的空间分布,能够为城市精细化管理和城市规划提供有力的支撑数据,对提高城市发展水平有重要的现实意义。为此,本文以“珞珈一号”(LJ-1 01)夜间灯光(NTL)影像为基础数据,以广州市为研究区,结合人口估算模型等方法,开展基于NTL数据的人口空间化研究。结果表明:LJ-1 01 NTL数据能够有效地应用于人口空间化研究。人口空间化后,广州市人口分布具有显著的“一主中心,多核心”的特征,各区域内部的人口分布差异可被清晰地展示与区分。本文结果对城市规划与城市管理具有一定价值的辅助支撑作用。 相似文献
5.
DBSCAN空间聚类算法及其在城市规划中的应用 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
空间聚类是空间数据挖掘和知识发现的主要方法之一。DBSCAN算法可以从带有“噪声”的空间数据库中发现任意形状的聚类,是一种较好的聚类算法。本文介绍了DBSCAN算法的基本概念和原理,并应用GIS二次开发组件MapObjects予以了实现。然后,本文将该算法应用于城市规划中,对某城市中小学和商业网点等公共设施的分布进行了聚类分析,并根据聚类结果对城市规划设计规范中的某些条款进行了讨论。 相似文献
6.
This paper describes a framework for an image processing procedure for operational agricultural crop area estimation. This operational framework has been conceived within the development of an Advanced Agricultural Information System (AAIS) for the “Regione del Veneto “ (RdV ‐ Veneto Region) in northeastern Italy. The objective of this program is to develop the ability to generating timely and accurate area estimates and production information for four major agricultural crops: soybeans, sugar beets, corn, and small grains. AAIS uses state of the art methods in remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) technology and integrates a variety of data types including satellite imagery. This paper describes the methodology developed for image and ancillary data processing for the production of crop area statistics. Using a combination of standard unsupervised classification and GIS operations that incorporate knowledge about the agricultural system, a “sequential masking” classification procedure was derived. This sequential masking procedure yielded crop classification accuracies that at the study site level range between 76% and 99% depending on the crop under study. We believe that classification accuracies will improve with full system implementation, along with the incorporation of new and/or improved thematic information and operational experience using AAIS‐based estimation. 相似文献
7.
本文基于NPP-VIIRS夜光遥感数据对京津冀城市群2015—2019年的空间结构进行分析,通过灯光值统计、城市位序-规模法则、空间关联测度等方法探究京津冀城市群空间结构及时空变化特征,结合城市总体规划浅析时空变化的原因。结果表明：①京津冀城市群灯光总量整体呈上升趋势,北京市和天津市的灯光增长率最高,其次为河北省廊坊市和石家庄市。②灯光集中分布在高位序城市北京和天津,中小城市不够发达。从时间序列上看,中小型城市快速发展,京津冀各城市有趋于ZIPF理想状态分布的态势。③随着区域交通一体化的推进,城市间的关联度整体增强,北京市与天津市的总体关联度占主导地位,但北部城市与中南地区的交通联系不足,关联度较弱。 相似文献
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针对当前村镇级别建设用地规划与城市规划不衔接、规划工作效率低等问题,探讨GIS与工作流的集成方式,并将工作流技术引入到村镇建设用地详细规划业务中.通过设计基于GIS的工作流模型,采用GIS、网络与数据库技术,并无缝集成GIS与工作流数据库,建立村镇建设用地规划信息系统.实践证明,该系统能够为制定村镇建设用地规划方案提供... 相似文献
10.
人口地理信息系统应用软件的开发 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文以区域性人口地理信息系统的设计原理和模式为目标,以目前世界上流行较广的GIS商业软件ARC／INGO为平台,用ARC／INFO的二次开发语言AML为工具,建立了一个区域性人口地理信息系统,以实现人口及其相关数据的存贮、查询检索、分析处理和应用,可为用户提供各种数据、图件和报表等信息产品。 相似文献
11.
Identifying stops from mobile phone location data by introducing uncertain segments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Zhiyuan Zhao Ling Yin Shih‐Lung Shaw Zhixiang Fang Xiping Yang Fan Zhang 《Transactions in GIS》2018,22(4):958-974
Identifying stops is a primary step in acquiring activity‐related information from mobile phone location data to understand the activity patterns of individuals. However, signal jumps in mobile phone location data may create “fake moves,” which will generate fake activity patterns of “stops‐and‐moves.” These “fake moves” share similar spatiotemporal features with real short‐distance moves, and the stops and moves of trajectories (SMoT), which is the most extensively used stop identification model, often fails to distinguish them when the dataset has coarse temporal resolution. This study proposes the stops, moves, and uncertainties of trajectories (SMUoT) model to address this issue by introducing uncertain segment analysis to distinguish “fake moves” and real short‐distance moves. A real mobile phone location dataset collected in Shenzhen, China is used to evaluate the performance of SMUoT. We find that SMUoT improves the performance (i.e., 15 and 19% increase in accuracy and recall rate for a one‐hour temporal resolution dataset, respectively) of stop identification and exhibits high robustness to parameter settings. With a better reliability of “stops‐and‐moves” pattern identification, the proposed SMUoT can benefit various individual activity‐related research based on mobile phone location data for many fields, such as urban planning, traffic analysis, and emergency management. 相似文献
12.
Urban sprawl development around Aligarh city: A study aided by satellite remote sensing and GIS 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Rapid urbanization causes disorganized and unplanned growth of towns and cities. The pressure of an ever growing population
becomes a burden on the limited civic amenities which are virtually collapsing. Asymmetrical growth of urban centres consumes
agricultural land adjacent to these, resulting in lower agricultural productivity. Besides taxing the groundwater resources
available for an urban centre, an increase in the paved area severely reduces the groundwater recharge potential, leading
to situations which may truly be potential catastrophes. An understanding of the growth dynamics of urban agglomerations is
essential for ecologically feasible developmental planning. With almost a third of India’s population already having become
urban, it is necessary to acquire information on growth patterns of cities and how they impact the living environment. The
current trend of spatial urban growth in almost all Indian cities has a haphazard pattern, particularly along the urban-rural
fringe. There is an obvious need for continuously monitoring the phenomena of growth, and mapping and analyzing its patterns,
since this is of great concern to urban administrators and planners whose concern it is to provide basic amenities and infrastructure
for the complex urban environment.
Mapping urban growth by conventional methods is too tedious and a slow process, and by the time information becomes available
to planners, it is already outdated and redundant since the damage has already been done. Satellite remote sensing data and
application of GIS technologies provide an alter-native means of rapidly assessing the dynamics and development of sprawl
so that timely action may be taken. Besides being flexible and extensible, the datasets are easily rectified, updated and
may be used for other applications. 相似文献
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Christopher Gold 《地球空间信息科学学报》2016,19(1):9-25
This article attempts to describe the role of tessellated models of space within the discipline of geographic information systems (GIS)—a speciality coming largely out of geography and land surveying, where there was a strong need to represent information about the land’s surface within a computer system rather than on the original paper maps. We look at some of the basic operations in GIS, including dynamic and kinetic applications. We examine issues of topology and data structures and produce a tessellation model that may be widely applied both to traditional “object” and “field” data types. Based on this framework, it can be argued that tessellation models are fundamental to our understanding and processing of geographical space, and provide a coherent framework for understanding the “space” in which we exist. This first article examines static structures, and a subsequent article looks at “change”—what happens when things move. 相似文献
15.
建筑物是城市三维建模的重要元素，其轮廓信息的提取既是难点又是重点。本文提出了原始激光雷达点云数据的渐进式建筑物轮廓线提取方法。首先对原始点云数据采用渐进数学形态学滤波分离非地面点；然后使用改进的三维Hough转换分类出建筑物点云；进一步提取建筑物轮廓点，并根据相邻点方位角阈值确定建筑点云轮廓的关键点，以此简化并拟合建筑物轮廓线；最后基于轮廓线长度加权方向将建筑物轮廓规则化。结果表明，该方法大大提高了点云处理的效率和精度，可以直接从采集到的初始数据中自动化渐进式得到建筑物轮廓线信息。同时该方法对解决中小城镇建筑物体积小，距离近和屋顶坡度较大等问题具有较好的效果。 相似文献
16.
Steven E. Greco 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(4):288-293
ABSTRACTConceptually, the theory and implementation of “map projection” in geographic information system (GIS) technology is difficult to comprehend for most introductory students and novice users. Compounding this difficulty is the concept of a “map projection file” that defines map projection parameters of geo-spatial data. The problem of the “missing projection file” appears ubiquitous for all users, especially in practice where data is widely shared. Another common problem is inadvertent misapplication of the “Define Projection” tool that can result in a GIS dataset with an incorrectly defined map projection file. GIS education should provide more guidance in differentiating the concepts of map projection versus projection files by increasing understanding and minimizing common errors. A novel pedagogical device is introduced in this paper: the seven possible states of GIS data with respect to map projection and definition. The seven possible states are: (1) a projected coordinate system (PCS) that is correctly defined, (2) a PCS that is incorrectly defined, (3) a PCS that is undefined, (4) a geographic coordinate system (GCS) that is correctly defined, (5) a GCS that is incorrectly defined, (6) a GCS that is undefined, and (7) a non-GCS. Recently created automated troubleshooting tools to determine a missing map projection file are discussed. 相似文献
17.
《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(1):84-89
There has so far been little discussion of the ethics of geographic information systems (GIS), yet they are complex and driven by conflicting goals. This paper argues for an ethical analysis of GIS which goes beyond “intemalist” judgements of good behavior and adherence to accuracy standards to a contextualized “extemalist” one. Only when spatial technologies such as GIS are understood as part of a nexus of relations which includes academia in the commodification of information can GIS practice by fully analyzed. A four-stage sequence of ethical practice is proposed, in which GIS has achieved the second stage. GIS practice and use is a fluctuating, contested area, which, therefore, is not suited to a rigid code of ethics. A better approach is based in the internalist and externalist dialectic. 相似文献
18.
人口资源是制约山区发展的关键因素,其分布状况在一定程度上反映和决定了山区的资源环境安全状况和社会经济发展水平.在分析川滇黔接壤地区山区人口分布影响因素的基础上结合已有方法,构建了适合山区人口数据空间化的模型.以2007年人口统计数据为基础,以居民点作为人口分布指示因子,利用GIS软件工具,分析了居民点分布与地貌形态、土地利用、道路以及水系间的关系.基于多源空间数据融合的思想,引进了居民点缓冲区的概念,以较客观的赋权方式确定影响因子权重,实现山区人口统计数据的空间化.结果表明,通过融合产生的人口密度与乡镇级人口密度的相关性均在0.80以上,结果可靠,为进一步分析山区人口分布格局提供了重要的基础数据. 相似文献
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地理信息市场化过程中存在隐私法律问题。本文以美国隐私保护法律体系为视角,分析美国与欧盟关于隐私法律保护法律模式的差异,研究安全港框架及相关原则对数据跨境流转的作用。通过比较法研究,旨在对我国地理信息市场化法律制度的构建有所启发。 相似文献