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1.
Waste printed circuit boards are complex heterogeneous mixture consisting of organic material, metal and glass fiber, therefore, it is quite difficult for the recovery of valuable materials from waste printed circuit boards. In this study, waste printed circuit boards without electronic components (known as bare boards) are submerged into dimethyl sulfoxide solvent at 170 °C using refluxing process. Metallographic microscope shows that waste printed circuit boards produce the delamination after treated with dimethyl sulfoxide solvent for 15 min. When waste printed circuit boards are treated with dimethyl sulfoxide solvent for 30 min, the separation of waste printed circuit boards is complete to obtain metals and glass fibers. Moreover, the used dimethyl sulfoxide solvent is vaporized by the rotary decompression which obtains regenerative dimethyl sulfoxide and solid residues. Comparing two Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, it is found that the regenerative dimethyl sulfoxide is the same as original dimethyl sulfoxide. Thermal analyses combined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy show that the solid residues are bromine epoxy resins. These findings suggest that this innovative technology offers an environmental friendly process with no pollution and high efficiency for separating valuable materials from waste printed circuit boards.  相似文献   

2.
Research on recycling waste printed circuit boards is at the forefront of preventing environmental pollution and finding ways to recycle resources. A wet process for reclaiming metals from printed circuit boards applying a tapered diameter separation bed is described, and the separation mechanism of the device is proposed. The motion of a particle in the tapered diameter fluid flow field and particle separation within this field were studied. As the material passes through the fluid field, along with the water, differences in particle density, granularity, and shape cause particles to follow at different trajectories. A tapered diameter separation bed was used to process 1?C0.074?mm-sized crushed material from discarded printed circuit boards. The separation efficiency of 91.77?% and the recovery rate of 95.79?% for recovered metal were achieved with a discharge water flow rate of 4.5m3/h, a material feed rate of 300?g/min, and an obliquity of 30°. For ?0.074?mm printed circuit boards, the metal recovery is 93.42?% and the separation efficiency is 77.63?% when the water discharge is 2?m3/h, the obliquity is 35o, and the material feed rate is 450?g/min. The superfine products in a size range of ?0.074?mm can be recovered effectively under suitable operating condition using the tapered diameter separation bed. It indicates that the lower separation limit of the tapered diameter separation bed can be close to zero. The technique will prevent environmental pollution from waste printed circuit boards and allow efficient recovery.  相似文献   

3.
In the present study, stabilization treatment using waste resource stabilizers was performed for soil contaminated with As and heavy metals (Pb and Cu). Calcined oyster shell (COS) and coal mine drainage sludge (CMDS) were used as a mixed stabilizing agent for a wet-curing duration of 28 days. After the stabilization treatment, the treatment process efficiency was evaluated by the results of various batch- and column-leaching tests. Neutral and weak acid extraction methods, such as water-soluble extraction and SPLP, did not exhibit satisfactory results for heavy metal stabilization, even if they showed very low leachability. On the other hand, TCLP and 0.1 M HCl extraction showed that the stabilizers significantly reduced the amount of heavy metals leached from the soil, which strongly supports the thesis that the stabilization treatment is efficient in the acidic leaching conditions that were explored. Specifically, in the 0.1 M HCl extraction, the reduction efficiencies of As, Pb, and Cu leachings were more than 90 %, compared with control experiments. This study demonstrates that the application of waste resources for the stabilization of As and heavy metals is feasible. However, some limitations observed in the experiments should be considered in future studies, such as the mobilization of alkali-soluble elements, and in particular, exchangeable fractions of Cu. In addition, the treatment efficiency can be evaluated by different leaching methods, which suggests that multidirectional approaches are required for the proper evaluation of stabilization treatment.  相似文献   

4.
In the present study, investigated the concentrations of hazardous substances such as Pb, Cd and polybrominated flame retardants present in an electric mosquito bats, which are used for trapping the mosquitoes in the domestic areas. China has captured a big share of mosquito bat market in India and penetrated deep into rural areas also. The presence of hazardous substances is fatal to environment and human beings. Hence, the concentrations of hazardous substances present in the bats need to be estimated accurately. The dismantled homogeneous samples were subjected to estimate the toxic metals like cadmium and lead by using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy for comparison. The flame brominated retardants were tested using gas chromatography–mass spectrometer. The analytical data obtained from the power supply wires of the bat suggest that the concentration levels of cadmium found to be below the detection limits. Whereas the lead content has higher in the range of 3574–7575 ppm than the permissible limits set by the e-waste rule, i.e. 1000 ppm. Moreover, the high amount of lead (>80,000 ppm) was obtained in the printed circuit board apart from power supply wires of mosquito bat. The content of brominated flame retardants in mosquito bat was estimated to be within the limits of e-waste rule. Considering their significant high hazardous metals content, coupled with their large quantities of mosquito bats used in the country, there is a need to control the hazardous waste of mosquito bats.  相似文献   

5.
辽河油田稠油中贵金属分布和赋存状态研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以辽河油田稠油为研究对象,通过原子吸收光谱、实沸点蒸馏等手段,研究了辽河油田稠油中Au、Ag、Pt和Pb等贵金属在不同馏分中的分布特征.结果表明,经过实沸点蒸馏后,贵金属不同沸程温度的原油馏分中含量和分布存在很大差异,Au、Ag、Pt、Pd主要集中在渣油馏分中,在沸点》508℃的渣油馏分中Au、Ag、Pt、Pd的比例分别是93.4%、76.9%、73.4%和68.0%;采用选择性萃取的方法对金在稠油中的存在形态的初步研究发现,金在稠油中主要以有机配合物和少量无机配合物形式存在.  相似文献   

6.
在嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans)作用下,污泥生物沥浸体系中常会有次生铁矿物形成,这些矿物对污泥脱水和重金属溶出有重要影响。本研究模拟生物沥浸体系,考察了一价阳离子(K+、NH4+、Na+)和污泥DOM(dissolved organic matter)对次生铁矿物形成的影响。结果表明,一价阳离子生成次生黄铁矾类矿物的能力迥异,其中K+的成矾能力最强,120 mmol/L NH4+和80 mmol/L Na+会抑制体系中黄钾铁矾形成。在1.6 mmol/L K+-120 mmol/L NH4+-40 mmol/L Na+和1.6 mmol/L K+-80 mmol/L NH4+-80 mmol/L Na+两个处理所得矿物的结晶度均低于1.6 mmol/L K+-80 mmol/L NH4+-40 mmol/L Na+处理所得矿物的结晶度。另外,在50 mg/L DOM(以DOC计)存在的生物氧化体系,Fe2+最大氧化速率为4.96 h-1,比没有DOM存在时降低48.1%,矿物结晶度也明显低于后者。可见,过高的一价阳离子和DOM含量会影响A.ferrooxidans菌生理生化活性,降低Fe2+氧化速率,继而影响Fe3+供应,使微环境中的黄铁矾形成动力发生改变,最终在一定程度上影响了次生铁矿物的形成。  相似文献   

7.
本文以金川铜镍硫化物精矿为研究对象,对比研究了A.f.菌浸出与硫酸酸溶浸出对铜镍硫化物精矿中有价金属Co、Ni和Cu的提取效果。为了进一步优化硫化物精矿中有价金属Co、Ni和Cu浸出效果,考察了微生物-硫酸浸出与硫酸-微生物浸出对精矿中Co、Ni和Cu提取的影响。结果表明:Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+微生物-硫酸浸出率可分别达到85.05%、98.32%和95.31%。微生物-硫酸浸出加速了硫化物矿物的溶解,促进了硫化物矿物中有价金属Co、Ni、Cu的浸出,大大提高了有价金属Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+的浸出率。  相似文献   

8.
为探讨微生物胞外聚合物(EPS)对矿物分解的影响,以查明微生物-矿物直接接触形式对硫化物分解的显著促进作用,分别采用葡萄糖、精氨酸、葡糖醛酸、柠檬酸等EPS的特征组分,配制浓度相同的系列反应溶液,与黄铁矿颗粒持续反应29 d(30℃).通过检测反应溶液中的全铁含量来近似表征黄铁矿的溶解速率,并利用扫描电子显微镜观察黄铁矿溶解前后的形貌变化.实验发现,在微生物-矿物相互作用的过程中,EPS中的部分组分,如葡糖醛酸、柠檬酸,可能起着关键的作用,而分子量相对较大的糖类和缺少化学活动性基团的葡萄糖、精氨酸等则会降低黄铁矿分解的速率,可能与其在黄铁矿表面的覆盖有关.  相似文献   

9.
This study relates to the characterization of stabilized waste. Various parameters such as granulometric distribution, percentage of mineral and organic matter were estimated to appreciate environmental hazard potential and possibility of metal leaching of the samples of waste from Grange site in France. From the results, it was shown that the granulometric distribution was variable. Therefore, a strong proportion of fines (44.6 %) and medium (45.9 %) was observed due to the age of waste that supports the degradation of a great quantity of organic matter. That was confirmed by the strong mineral matter rate (63.8 %) obtained to determine the organic percentage of matter (36.2 %). The amount of heavy metals such as iron, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead was also studied. The results obtained were in a good agreement with the ones of the literature. Indeed, it appeared that iron, lead, copper, nickel and zinc are in relative strong proportion while cadmium was not very present. Iron represents 78 % of the metals. From the leaching tests, it was shown that the heavy metals concentration were very weak. Moreover, the deposit of studied waste could be a potential source of organic pollution (COD = 150 Mg C/L on average) in the case of precipitation and flood.  相似文献   

10.
土壤样品中贵金属活动态提取技术   总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0  
介绍了土壤样品中贵金属铂、钯、金的水提取态、黏土吸附态与可交换态、有机质结合态以及铁锰氧化物结合态等不同相态的提取方法与测定方法。方法检出限为铂0.03 ng/g,钯和金0.01 ng/g。实验了铂、钯、金活动态金属各种提取液介质中痕量贵金属的稳定性、固-液分离方法、提取温度的影响及提取液的处理方法。通过在南非隐伏铂钯矿或矿化区的试验,结果表明所圈定的异常与实际矿(化)体相符,为识别隐伏贵金属铂钯矿床提供了有效信息,对寻找隐伏矿床具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

11.
Metal leaching from metallurgical wastes (slags) by means of environmentally friendly approaches is promising for practical applications. The goal of this study was to compare the feasibility of metal bioleaching from Cu slags by means of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. Two size particles (<0.3 mm and 1–2 mm) of two types of Cu slags (massive crystalline slag and granulated amorphous slag) were used to study metal (Cu, Zn and Fe) bioleaching. The 40-days bioleaching experiments with P. fluorescens began at circumneutral pH (7.0), whereas the experiments with A. thiooxidans were started under acidic (pH 2.5) conditions. The results demonstrated that A. thiooxidans catalyzes metal leaching from both slag types investigated. After 21 days of incubation, optimal leaching was achieved and up to 79% Cu, 76% Zn and 45% Fe could be extracted from crystalline slag under conditions of 1 wt.% pulp density and particle size <0.3 mm. The optimal efficiency achieved with amorphous slag was 81% Cu, 79% Zn and 22% Fe when 1% pulp density and 1–2 mm particle size were used. The use of P. fluorescens resulted in poor leaching efficiencies as compared to the performance of A. thiooxidans, presumably due to the higher pH conditions maintained during the P. fluorescens incubations. The maximum metal leaching efficiencies with P. fluorescens were achieved at 1% pulp density and particle size <0.3 mm and did not exceed 10% Cu, 4% Zn, 0.3% Fe for crystalline slag and 4% Cu, 3% Zn, 0.7% Fe for amorphous slag. Both slags exhibited a good potential for bioleaching with A. thiooxidans, however; further optimization of the process parameters (e.g. pulp density, particle size and pH) is needed to improve the efficiency.  相似文献   

12.
Deep-sea ferromanganese deposits contain a wide range of economically important metals. Ferromanganese crusts and nodules represent an important future resource, since they not only contain base metals such as Mn, Ni, Co, Cu and Zn, but are also enriched in critical or rare high-technology elements such as Li, Mo, Nb, W, the rare earth elements and yttrium (REY). These metals could be extracted from nodules and crusts as a by-product to the base metal production. However, there are no proper separation techniques available that selectively extract certain metals out of the carrier phases. By sequential leaching, we demonstrated that, except for Li, which is present in an easily soluble form, all other high-tech metals enriched in ferromanganese nodules and crusts are largely associated with the Fe-oxyhydroxide phases and only to subordinate extents with Mn-oxide phases. Based on this fact, we conducted selective leaching experiments with the Fe-specific organic ligand desferrioxamine-B, a naturally occurring and ubiquitous siderophore. We showed by leaching of ferromanganese nodules and crusts with desferrioxamine-B that a significant and selective extraction of high-tech metals such as Li, Mo, Zr, Hf and Ta is possible, while other elements like Fe and the base metals Mn, Ni, Cu, Co and Zn are not extracted to large extents. The set of selectively extracted elements can be extended to Nb and W if Mn and carbonate phases are stripped from the bulk nodule or crust prior to the siderophore leach by e.g. a sequential leaching technique. This combination of sequential leaches with a siderophore leach enhanced the extraction to 30–50% of each Mo, Nb, W and Ta from a mixed type Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) nodule and 40–80% from a diagenetic Peru Basin nodule, whilst only 5–10% Fe and even less Mn are extracted from the nodules. Li is extracted to about 60% from the CCZ nodule and a maximum of 80% Li is extracted from the Peru Basin nodule.Our pilot work on selective extraction of high-tech metals from marine ferromanganese nodules and crusts showed that specific metal-binding organic ligands may have promising potential in future processing technologies of these oxide deposits.  相似文献   

13.
通过化学分析、X-射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜和电子探针等方法,研究了云阳粉石英矿的成分和结构.根据氧同位素、包裹体测温以及周围岩石特征,讨论了微结晶石英岩的硅质来源和成因.认为云阳粉石英矿具有热水成因的特点,热水来源于地下热水,硅质来源于热水对含硅地层中含硅矿物的溶浸与萃取,形成富含硅的热水,交代碳酸盐岩形成微结晶石英岩.地形地貌、地质环境和矿石结构等条件是影响微结晶石英岩风化形成粉石英矿的主要因素.  相似文献   

14.
金川铜镍硫化矿尾矿砂数量巨大,其中Ni、Cu和Co等有价金属种类较多,含量较为丰富,蕴含着巨大的经济价值。本文研究了氧化亚铁硫杆菌对金川铜镍尾矿砂提取有价金属效果的影响,在选取金川新尾矿库中心钻孔尾矿砂样品与氧化亚铁硫杆菌作用不同时间的基础上进行化学酸溶,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)分析了溶液中Cu2+、Ni2+、Co2+含量,并通过离子浸出率来表征微生物对尾矿中有价金属提取的影响效果。结果表明,尾矿砂直接化学酸溶后Cu2+、Ni2+浸出率分别为73.78%和69.87%,Co2+浸出率仅为39.57%;而氧化亚铁硫杆菌先与尾矿砂作用后再进行硫酸酸溶,其Cu2+、Ni2+总浸出率均可达到90%以上,Co2+总浸出率也可达到70%以上。实验结果证明氧化亚铁硫杆菌的参与促进了尾矿砂中Cu2+、Ni2+、Co2+的浸出。  相似文献   

15.
Sewage sludges are dewatered end products of human sewage waste and are recognised repositories of organic pollutants and heavy metals. They may be considered targets for economic extraction of Au because of the documented Au content of sewage sludges worldwide which are of the order of some ore deposits currently mined for Au. They are also highly nutrient enriched (nitrogen and phosphorus) and therefore amenable to use as agricultural fertiliser or as covers for mine wastes. The sewage of Melbourne, Australia, a city with a current population of 3.3 million, was stockpiled in large, closed, lagoonal tanks from 1898 until 1980. In 1995 Echidna Mining, an Australian gold exploration company, acquired the exploration rights to the ground surrounding the historic sludge reserves and commenced a program of resource evaluation, utilising RNAA, INAA, GFAAS, ICP–MS and FLAAS to determine 31 elements, including Au, Ag, Sb, As, Cd, Hg, Zn, Cu, and Pb. The study was initiated to determine Au, Ag and other metal variations in both space and time and to investigate the economics of chemical extraction of the precious metals. A total of 149 samples from over 50 hand-auger drillholes to a depth up to 4 m have been analysed from the stockpiles, with Au assays yielding remarkably consistent results. Average grades of 0.77 g/t Au and 18.8 g/t Ag have been documented for a measured resource of 770,000 m3 (of an estimated 1.6–2.5 million m3 contained) at a density of 1.0 g/cm3 and an average moisture content of around 40%. Laboratory-based extractive metallurgy of the Werribee sludges has demonstrated that Au, Ag and Zn can be removed with relative ease by heap-leaching using modified conventional technology, albeit with prohibitive reagent consumption. The extraction of the precious metals also results in the variable removal of contaminant metals such as Cd, As, Sb, Hg and Cr which may render the sludges fit for sale as agricultural fertiliser, provided organic pollutants and pathogenic organisms are below governmental environmental protection limits, an area beyond the scope of this paper. Another potential avenue of the exploitation of sewage sludges is discussed: that of the utilisation of sludges to extract contaminant metals from waste water and contaminated mine waters, which we demonstrate on pure aqueous synthetic samples. This paper presents a study of the exploitation of an historic sludge resource for its contained Au and residue post-metal extraction.  相似文献   

16.
In the present study, coal from Chakwal (Pakistan) was leached with an aqueous solutions of iodine monochloride (ICl) and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DPTA) of different concentrations. The effect of stirring time, concentration and pH was studied on the leaching of different metals from coal. The physicochemical parameters indicated that the coal was of reasonably good quality. The results indicated that with increase in time duration, the extraction of metals increased. In most of the cases, metal concentration increased in the leachate with increasing the concentration of the leaching agents. DPTA was found to be the best leaching agent for most of the metals. Higher extraction of metals from coal fly ash indicated that coal organic matter has a pronounced effect on the leaching. Higher concentration of metals was extracted from virgin coal and coal fly ash at low pH (p?>?0.00) as compared to high pH. DPTA extracted metals in higher concentration from virgin coal and coal fly ash at low pH as compared to ICl. Based on the present study, the most leached metals were Fe, Cu, Mn and the least were Pb, Ni, Cd and Cr.  相似文献   

17.
Electricals and electronic equipments that have reached its utilization period are disposed by the consumer are considered as e-waste. The categories of e-waste range from household appliances to machines used in offices and consumer goods. The rise in problem is due to scarcity of proper place for disposing the e-wastes. Hence, the wastes are disposed in open landfills by the consumers which lead to direct reaction of the e-waste with the environment. The release of harmful toxins and chemicals by the e-wastes causes hazardous effects on living beings. Several processes are introduced in recycling and recovering the harmful metals present in the electronic equipments. The most important reasons for e-waste recycling are waste removal as well as recovery of valuable materials present in the waste. Developed countries such as USA and UK follow some strict rules and regulations about managing the increasing amount of e-wastes, whereas India still needs to have a rigid law for the e-waste management. Prior recycling and recovering the important metals from electronic wastes, it is crucial to ascertain the amount of the metal present in the e-waste. Plastics followed by metals are the main components found in electronic wastes. Hazardous metals such as copper, lead and cadmium are predominant in almost all kinds of e-wastes. Determination of the components present in the electronic wastes guides for the proper path to be followed for recovering the components from the wastes. The review deals with status of e-waste across the world and methods of recovery and management.  相似文献   

18.
The bio-weathering of basalt, granite and gneiss was experimentally investigated in this study. These rock-forming minerals weathered more rapidly via the ubiquitous psychrotrophic heterotrophic bacteria. With indigenous bacteria of Bacillus spp. from sediments of Lake Baikal, we traced the degradation process of silicate minerals to understand the weathering processes occurring at the change temperature in the subsurface environment with organic input. The bacteria mediated dissolution of minerals was monitored with solution and solid chemistry, X-ray analyses as well as microscopic techniques. We determined the impact of the bacteria on the mineral surface and leaching of K, Ca, Mg, Si, Fe, and Al from silicate minerals. In the samples the release of major structural elements of silicates was used as an overall indicator of silicate mineral degradation at 4°C and 18°C from five medium exchanges over 255?days of rock bioleaching. The increase of temperature importantly affected the efficiency of Fe extraction from granite and basalt as well as Si extraction from granite and gneiss. In comparison with elemental extraction order at 4°C, Ca was substituted first by Fe or Si. It is evident that temperature influences rock microbial weathering and results in a change of elements extraction.  相似文献   

19.
江西铜矿山二次资源合理开发与利用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
刘维阁 《江西地质》1999,13(4):283-287
本文阐述了江西铜矿山在生产中产生的选矿废石,低品位矿石,地表难选氧化矿石,采用堆浸,萃取,电积工艺回收铜在矿坑酸性废水回收铜以及在选矿排出的尾矿中再次回收有用金属的试验研究与生产实践的效果及二次资源回收利用前景。  相似文献   

20.
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