共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Michele Caputo 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1964,57(1):66-82
Summary Adopting thePizzetti-Somigliana method and using elliptic integrals we have obtained closed formulas for the space gravity field in which one of the equipotential surfaces is a triaxial ellipsoid. The same formulas are also obtained in first approximation of the equatorial flattening avoiding the use of the elliptic integrals. Using data from satellites and Earth gravity data the gravitational and geometric bulge of the Earth's equator are computed. On the basis of these results and on the basis of recent gravity data taken around the equator between the longitudes 50° to 100° E, 155° to 180° E, and 145° to 180° W, we question the advantage of using a triaxial gravity formula and a triaxial ellipsoid in geodesy. Closed formulas for the space field in which a biaxial ellipsoid is an equipotential surface are also derived in polar coordinates and its parameters are specialized to give the international gravity formula values on the international ellipsoid. The possibility to compute the Earth's dimensions from the present Earth gravity data is the discussed and the value ofMG=(3.98603×1020 cm3 sec–2) (M mass of the Earth,G gravitational constant) is computed. The agreement of this value with others computed from the mean distance Earth-Moon is discussed. The Legendre polinomials series expansion of the gravitational potential is also added. In this series the coefficients of the polinomials are closed formulas in terms of the flattening andMG.Publication Number 327, and Istituto di Geodesia e Geofisica of Università di Trieste. 相似文献
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Marcin Ligas 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2012,56(4):993-1006
The paper presents modified Lin and Wang??s (1995) and Hedgley??s (1976) algorithms to tackle the problem of transforming Cartesian to geodetic coordinates on a triaxial ellipsoid. Originally, the methods were developed for an ellipsoid of revolution but due to their universality, they may be adapted to the more complicated problem stated on a triaxial ellipsoid what is in fact done in this work. Two modified methods are compared to the vector method recently introduced by Feltens. The modified methods turn out to be more accurate and faster than the algorithm presented by Feltens. 相似文献
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Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica - A general triaxial ellipsoid is suitable to represent the reference surface of the celestial bodies. The transformation from the Cartesian to geodetic coordinates... 相似文献
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在4D地震监测中,储层特性的变化主要是通过拉梅常数的变化才最终表现为地层速度和实际地震响应的变化,因此,在一定条件下,拉梅常数应当是储层特定变化最直接和灵敏的标志。本文详细叙述了拉梅常数反演的方法,并将其应用于实际4D地震资料的反演和解释中。良好的反演结果表明拉梅常数反演用于4D地震监测是切实可行的。 相似文献
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本文基于广义线性黏弹性体,通过引入黏弹性拉梅常量,提出拉梅差异矩阵,给出了非均匀各向同性介质的黏弹性波简化方程.拉梅差异矩阵具有和物性矩阵相似的形式,与弹性、黏弹性物性矩阵之间具有特定的数量关系,体现了黏弹性与弹性物性参数之间的差异程度,可以大大简化方程.并利用该简化方程对SEG/EAGE二维盐丘模型进行了正演数值模拟,将模拟得到的单炮记录和声波、Carcione黏弹性波方程模拟得到的单炮记录进行了对比分析.结果表明该简化方程模拟得到的单炮记录不仅具有较好的效果,而且比Carcione黏弹性波方程计算效率高,与理论分析基本相符. 相似文献
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J. C. Jaeger 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1959,43(1):148-158
Summary The conditions for sliding over artificial joint surfaces have been studied experimentally by cutting rock cylinders at various angles to their axes and studying slip over these surfaces in a triaxial testing apparatus. The types of joint used were: (i) filled with plaster to simulate a soft joint filling, (ii) bare surfaces ground approximately flat, and (iii) natural surfaces across which shear failure had taken place. The results agreed reasonably well with the simple theory for a constant coefficient of friction. Measured coefficients of friction lie in the range 0.5–0.8 and differ by surprisingly little between the various surfaces. The surfaces across which sliding has taken place exhibit interesting slickenside phenomena. Subsidiary failures frequently occur which cut across the joint surfaces. 相似文献
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This study utilises the equivalent granular state parameter, ψ⁎, as a key parameter for studying static and cyclic instability and their linkage. ψ⁎ can be considered as a generalisation of the state parameter as first proposed by Been and Jefferies so that the influence of fines content in addition to stress and density state can be captured. Test results presented in this study conclusively showed that ψ⁎ at the start of undrained shearing and ηIS, the stress ratio at onset of static instability, can be described by a single relationship irrespective of fines content for both compression and extension shearing. This single relationship is referred as instability curve. However, the instability curve in extension shearing is different from that of compression. In this paper, the capacity of the instability curve in predicting triggering of cyclic instability was evaluated experimentally. An extensive series of undrained one-way (compression) and non-symmetric two-way cyclic triaxial tests, in addition to monotonic triaxial tests in both compression and extension were conducted for this evaluation. Furthermore, a published database for Hokksund sand with fines was also used. Test results show that cyclic instability was triggered shortly after the cyclic effective stress path crossed the estimated ηIS-zone(s) as obtained from instability curve(s) irrespective of whether instability occurs in the compression or extension side. 相似文献
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A. M. Soward 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1-2):81-107
Abstract Dynamo action in a highly conducting fluid with small magnetic diffusivity η is particularly sensitive to the topology of the flow. The sites of rapid magnetic field regeneration, when they occur, appear to be located at the stagnation points or in regions where the particle paths are chaotic. Elsewhere only slow dynamo action is to be expected. Two such examples are the nearly axially symmetric dynamo of Braginsky and the generalisation to smooth velocity fields of the Ponomarenko dynamo. Here a method of solution is developed, which applies to both these examples and is applicable to other situations, where magnetic field lines are close to either closed or spatially periodic contours. Particular attention is given to field generation in the neighbourhood of resonant surfaces where growth rates may be intermediate between the slow diffusive and fast convective time scales. The method is applied to the case of the two-dimensional ABC-flows, where it is shown that such intermediate dynamo action can occur on resonant surfaces. 相似文献
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论述了物理大地测量与地球物理中分别对应的正常重力场源的构成、物理与几何上的意义以及对两者之间的差别进行了论述 ,分析了同源性研究在物理大地测量与地球物理相互结合以及定量描述地球内部密度分布的过程中的重要意义 .给出了同源性分析可遵循的途径及其所应满足的条件与约束 .最后 ,以正常椭球的扁率变化率具有最小模为约束 ,应用PREM模型 （PreliminaryReferenceEarthModel）密度为大地测量中正常椭球赋值 ,其结果以正常椭球的内部扁率的多项式表达式给出 . 相似文献
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Due to the complicated structure of their expressions, the ellipsoidal harmonic series for the derivatives of the Earth’s gravitational potential are commonly applied only on a reference ellipsoid. They depend on the first- and second-order derivatives of the associated Legendre functions of both kinds and contain a few singular terms. We construct ellipsoidal harmonic expansions in the exterior space for the first and second potential derivatives, which are similar to the series on the reference ellipsoid enveloping the Earth. We take a point P at an arbitrary altitude above the reference ellipsoid and construct the ellipsoid of revolution confocal to it, which passes through this point. The conventional complicated singular expressions for the first and second potential derivatives in the local north-oriented ellipsoidal reference frame, with the origin at the point P, are transformed into non-singular ellipsoidal harmonic series, which do not contain the first- and second-order derivatives of the associated Legendre functions. The resulting series have an accuracy of the squared eccentricity. These series can be applied for constructing a geopotential model, which is based, simultaneously, on the surface gravity data and the data of satellite missions, which provide measurements of the accelerations and/or the gravitational gradients. When the eccentricity of the considered external ellipsoid is equated to zero, the ellipsoid becomes an external sphere passing through the point P and the constructed ellipsoidal harmonic expansions are converted into non-singular spherical harmonic series for the first and second potential derivatives in the local north-oriented spherical reference frame. 相似文献
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The Legendre functions of the second kind, renormalized by Jekeli, are considered in the external space on a set of ellipsoids of revolution which are confocal with respect to the normal ellipsoid. Among these ellipsoids a reference one is chosen which bounds the Earth. New expressions for the first and second order derivatives of the Legendre functions are derived. They depend on two very quickly convergent Gauss hypergeometric series which are obtained by transforming the slowly convergent initial hypergeometric series. The derived expressions are applied for constructing the ellipsoidal harmonic series for the Earth disturbing gravitational potential and its derivatives of the first and second orders. Since outside the chosen reference ellipsoid there are no Earth masses (as compared to the normal ellipsoid) then it is more appropriate for constructing the boundary-value equation and solving it on the basis of surface gravity data reduced to this ellipsoid. 相似文献
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颗粒随机堆积问题是物理和工程领域的热门问题。椭球颗粒随机堆积体系作为球形体系的拓展,增加了旋转自由度,从而表现出更复杂的性质,由于椭球颗粒比球形颗粒更类似于自然界中普遍存在的非规则颗粒,因此其研究具有重要的实用价值。研究三维颗粒堆积结构问题一般需要CT成像技术,本文介绍了如何利用医用CT对三维椭球随机堆积体系进行成像研究的技术细节,包括如何通过图像处理的方法获取椭球颗粒的空间位置、取向和体积,如何利用接触数标度函数拟合的方法得到近邻颗粒间的接触信息等。本文的研究内容和方法为利用各种X射线CT成像方法研究三维颗粒体系提供了技术参考。 相似文献
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Plasticity model for sand under small and large cyclic strains: a multiaxial formulation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Achilleas G. Papadimitriou George D. Bouckovalas 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2002,22(3):15
This paper presents the multiaxial formulation of a plasticity model for sand under cyclic shearing. The model adopts a kinematic hardening circular cone as the yield surface and three non-circular conical surfaces corresponding to the deviatoric stress ratios at phase transformation, peak strength and critical state. The shape of the non-circular surfaces is formulated in accordance with the experimentally established failure criteria, while their size is related to the value of the state parameter ψ. To simulate cyclic response under small and large shear strain amplitudes without a change in model parameters, it was found necessary to introduce: (a) a non-linear hysteretic (Ramberg–Osgood type) formulation for the strain rate of elastic states and (b) an empirical index of the effect of fabric evolution during shearing which scales the plastic modulus. This index is estimated in terms of a macroscopic second-order fabric tensor, which develops as a function of the plastic volumetric strain increment and the loading direction in the deviatoric plane. Comparison of simulations to pertinent data from 27 resonant column, cyclic triaxial and cyclic direct simple shear tests provide a measure for the overall accuracy of the model. 相似文献
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针对有应力反向与无应力反向两种循环应力条件,进行了k0固结饱和粘土不排水循环三轴压缩与拉伸强度试验。为了分析三轴压缩与三轴拉伸循环强度之间关系,依据3个围压下三轴压缩循环强度试验结果,确定了与不同循环破坏次数对应的Mohr-Coulomb循环强度指标。据此预测k0固结土样三轴拉伸循环强度,预测结果小于实测结果,当循环破坏次数为2 000时,两者之间相对偏差为13%左右。因此,可以依据Mohr-Coulomb强度理论建立k0固结饱和粘土不排水三轴压缩与拉伸循环强度之间的关系。 相似文献
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F. L. Yakovlev 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2009,45(11):1025-1036
The structure of linear fold zones is considered as a set of objects of several hierarchic levels with specific kinematic
models of their formation. The prefolded structure was reconstructed, and recent depths of the sedimentary cover base were
predicted on the basis of these notions with the use of the Northwestern Caucasus folding as an example. Fold domains were
used as the main objects. The basic parameters of their geometry (dips of axial surfaces, dips of fold system levels, shortening
values) measured in natural structures were identified with the deformation ellipsoid. Three kinematic operations: rotation,
simple horizontal shearing, and extension, which made it possible to reconstruct the horizontal layering and the position
of the profile line segment for each domain. Eleven profiles were reconstructed by the consecutive joining of the prefolded
states of the domains. The fold shortenings were obtained for these profiles and their 42 parts. The developed quasi-three-dimensional
model of the natural structure demonstrates specific features important for the verification of geodynamic models. 相似文献
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利用太原理工大学和中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所最新共同研制的μCT225kVFCB型高精度（μm级）CT试验分析系统,对油页岩从常温到600 ℃高温下的热破裂过程进行了显微观测和分析,揭示了抚顺油页岩的热破裂阈值温度为300 ℃附近.当温度低于300 ℃时,已可见到极少数较小的微裂隙出现,裂隙多发育于原生层理面以及硬质矿物颗粒的周围,形成的破裂面基本上都与层理面互相平行.当温度超过300 ℃,由于受到热分解化学反应的控制,裂隙的数量、长度和宽度剧烈增加,呈现广泛发育、集中爆发的特点,并使原有裂隙迅速延展和贯通,且裂隙面仍具有与层理面平行的特点,这是油页岩热破裂的典型特征;同时,也形成了许许多多垂直于层理方向的微小裂隙,小裂隙与大裂隙的搭接连通,形成了一个庞大的连通网络结构,从根本上提高了油页岩的渗流能力. 相似文献