共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
Gemma Ercilla David Casas Juan T. Vázquez Jorge Iglesias Luís Somoza Carmen Juan Teresa Medialdea Ricardo León Ferran Estrada Soledad García-Gil Marcel.lí Farran Fernando Bohoyo Margarita García Adolfo Maestro ERGAP Project Cruise Teams 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2011,32(1-2):99
Multibeam bathymetry, high resolution multi-channel, and very high resolution single-channel (3.5 kHz) seismic records were used to depict the complex geomorphology that defines the Galicia Bank region (Atlantic, NW Iberian Peninsula). This region (≈620–5,000 m water depth) is characterized by a great variety of features: structural features (scarps, highs, valleys, fold bulges), fluid dynamics-related features (structural undulations and collapse craters), mass-movement features (gullies, channels, mass-flow deposits, slope-lobe complexes, and mass-transport deposits), bottom-current features (moats, furrows, abraded surface, sediment waves, and drifts), (hemi)pelagic features, mixed features (abraded surfaces associated to mixed sediments) and bioconstructions. These features represent architectural elements of four sedimentary systems: slope apron, contouritic, current-controlled (hemi)pelagic, and (hemi)pelagic. These systems are a reflection of different sedimentary processes: downslope (mass transport, mass flows, turbidity flows), alongslope (bottom currents of Mediterranean Outflow Water, Labrador Sea Water, North Atlantic Deep Water, and Lower Deep Water), vertical settling, and the interplay between them. The architectural and sediment dynamic complexities, for their part, are conditioned by the morphostructural complexity of the region, whose structures (exposed scarps and highs) favor multiple submarine sediment sources, affect the type and evolution of the mass-movement processes, and interact with different water masses. This region and similar sedimentary environments far from the continental sediment sources, as seamounts, are ideal zones for carrying out submarine source-to-sink studies, and can represent areas subject to hazards, both geologic and oceanographic in origin. 相似文献
2.
针对目前海底底质分类要素单一造成的底质分类类别不够细致和底质信息获取效率低等问题,提出一种顾及声图纹理特征的海底底质分类方法,综合利用海底底质来源、地理等属性以及声图纹理特征等分类要素,进一步细化海底底质类别,解决了海底底质分类信息混淆或表达不充分等问题。实例数据分析表明,该分类方法克服了传统方法单一考虑底质粒度信息的缺点,可以真实反映海底底质的时空变化特性以及一定范围内的表面起伏特征,并且所包含的海底底质分类信息量更全面,从而可以为用户提供直接形象的海底底质信息。 相似文献
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David R. Limmer Timothy J. Henstock Liviu Giosan Camilo Ponton Ali R. Tabrez David I. M. Macdonald Peter D. Clift 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2012,33(3):251-267
We present results from the first high-resolution seismic reflection survey of the inner Western Indus Shelf, and Indus Delta, Arabian Sea. The results show major regional differences in sedimentation across the shelf from east to west, as well as north to south, both since the Last Glacial Maximum (~20?ka) and over longer time scales. We identify 10 major regional reflectors, interpreted as representing sea level lowstands. Strong compressive folding is observed underlying a reflector we have called Horizon 6 in the north-western shelf, probably compression associated with the transpressional deformation of the Murray Ridge plate boundary. Downslope profiles show a series of well developed clinoforms, principally at the shelf edge, indicating significant preservation of large packages of sediment during lowstands. These clinoforms have developed close to zones of deformation, suggesting that subsidence is a factor in controlling sedimentation and consequently erosion of the Indus Shelf. These clinoforms fan out from dome features (tectonic anticlines) mostly located close to the modern shoreline. 相似文献
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Preliminary research on sea-level changes of the South China coast since late Epipleistocene 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Several views on sea-level changes of the South China coast are briefly introduced in this paper. On the basis of 236 samples whose ages are determined by 14C chronological method and their sites are corrected with ancient water depth and crustal deformation, a basic model about sea-level changes of the South China coast since late Epipleistocene is set up. This model basically accords with the general cognitions of predecessors, i. e. it not only represents the common characteristics of sea-level changes of the East China coast but has some features of the South China coast itself. In general, this model is relatively close to the Fairbridge's curve, indicating that the sea-level undulations exist since 6 ka ago but the ranges of undulations are slightly larger than those of Fairbridge's curve. 相似文献
7.
The sediment transport parameter helps determining the amount of sediment transport in cross-shore direction. The sediment transport parameter therefore, should represent the effect of necessary environmental factors involved in cross-shore beach profile formation. However, all the previous studies carried out for defining shape parameter consider the parameter as a calibration value. The aim of this study is to add the effect of wave climate and grain size characteristics in the definition of transport rate parameter and thus witness their influence on the parameter. This is achieved by taking the difference in between “the equilibrium wave energy dissipation rate” and “the wave energy dissipation rate” to generate a definition for the bulk of sediment, dislocating within a given time interval until the beach tends reach an equilibrium conditions. The result yields that empirical definition of transport rate parameter primarily governs the time response of the beach profile. Smaller transport rate value gives a longer elapsed time before equilibrium is attained on the beach profile. It is shown that any significant change in sediment diameter or wave climate proportionally increases the value of the shape parameter. However, the effect of change in wave height or period on sediment transport parameter is not as credit to as mean sediment characteristics. 相似文献
8.
在南海东北部广泛发育沉积物波。通过高分辨率多波束数据、地震剖面以及重力柱状样,对沉积物波的形态特征、粒度特征、物源以及形成机制进行了分析。研究表明大致以台湾浅滩南海底峡谷为界,北侧为近北东向展布,南侧为近南北向展布。对其分布规律、地貌和形态特征及重力柱状样粒度分析表明这些沉积物波为浊流成因。沉积物波的发育与新生代晚期研究区的构造活动密切相关,自距今6.5 Ma以来台湾造山运动使台湾岛强烈抬升剥蚀,这些剥蚀物为研究区提供了大量的陆源物质,而在南海东北部陆坡区大量发育的峡谷-冲沟系统为陆缘物质向下陆坡的输送提供了良好的通道。研究区西侧的东沙隆起长期处于抬升剥蚀状态,这种抬升剥蚀也为研究区沉积物波的发育提供了部分物源。随着坡度的减缓,浊流沉积物开始堆积,在台湾浅滩南海底峡谷的北侧形成了展布方向与冲沟垂直的沉积物波,而在南侧由于台湾浅滩南海底峡谷发生转向,浊流从水道中漫溢出来,沉积物堆积下来,形成了与原先水道近于垂直的近南北向的沉积物波。 相似文献
9.
G. Lastras M. Canals D. Amblas M. Ivanov B. Dennielou L. Droz A. Akhmetzhanov 《Geo-Marine Letters》2006,26(4):225-233
After obtaining full-coverage swath bathymetry data in 1995 and very high-resolution acoustic profiles in 2002, four slides at the Balearic Margin of the Eivissa Channel in the western Mediterranean Sea were revisited in 2004 when side-scan sonar data were collected using a MAK-1M deep-towed acoustic system. These new findings, higher in resolution than those for the swath bathymetry, show two main features previously undetected within these submarine landslides: (1) a series of step-forming inclined and detached slabs oriented perpendicular to the slide movement and located in the uppermost part of the slides, and (2) arcuate regular positive ridges oriented also normal to the slide movement and located in the depositional lobes of some of the slides. The former are interpreted as extensional ridges, suggesting a retrogressive post-failure evolution of the slides. The latter are interpreted as compression ridges, related to plastic deformation of the sediment before movement freezing. Moreover, the new data show that fluid escape features are even more widespread in the Eivissa Channel than previously thought, dozens of new pockmarks less than 20 m in diameter having been identified. 相似文献
10.
The Mediterranean Ridge is an arcuate ridge of deformed sediment caught up in the convergent plate margin between the African plate and the Aegean. An intensive campaign of SeaMARC I and SeaBeam surveys followed by piston coring has been conducted along the contact between undeformed turbidites of the Sirte Abyssal Plain and folded and faulted sediments of the Mediterranean Ridge. Along the outer edge of the Ridge, surficial sediments have been deformed into sinusoidal ridges and troughs (wavelengths 0.5–2 km, amplitude 20–150 m), which we interpret as folds. In plan view, the ridge and the trough fabric parallels the NW-SE trending regional contours, suggesting that the folds formed in response to compression orthogonal to the Mediterranean Ridge. The outermost ridge is shedding a debris apron out onto the abyssal plain, implying that uplift and deformation are ongoing. We show that the geometry of the outermost folds can be produced by elastic bending of a packet of 5–10 relatively strong layers, each 10–20 m thick, interbedded between weaker layers; we equate the strong layers with gypsum beds in the Messinian upper evaporites. Folding the seafloor from a flat layer into the observed ridge and trough topography would shorten the layer by less than 2%. Two percent shortening (equals two percent thickening) is insufficient to create the observed relief of the Mediterranean Ridge even if the entire sediment column down to basement were involved; we infer that additional shortening/thickening is accommodated by thrust faulting above a decollement at the top of the Messinian salt layer. At distances > 15 km from the deformation front and more than 500 m from the abyssal plain, sharp-edged, fine-grained side-scan lineations with very little vertical relief cut across the kilometer-scale ridge and trough topography. These fine-grained lineations fall in two groups trending N/S to NNE/SSW and ~ENE. We interpret these lineaments as traces of conjugate strike-slip faults formed in the same compressional regime which formed the NW/SE trending folds. The onset of strike-slip faulting may coincide with the cessation of imbricate thrust fan development above the initial salt-controlled decollement surface. The following characteristics of the Mediterranean Ridge are attributed to the presence of evaporites in the incoming sedimentary section: (1) initial deformation by folding rather than thrust faulting; (2) narrow taper; (3) rapid rate of outward growth; (4) karstification. 相似文献
11.
The stress system induced the weight of a sediment and the pore fluid it contains, termed the passive stress system, is capable of deforming the sediment. This volumetric deformation is examined with respect to the evolution of porosity and permeability during burial. The effect of this self deformation on the shape of growth faults and normal faults in extensional terrains is considered. 相似文献
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为研究工程区海域水沙特征的时空分布、运动规律,采用不同时期的现场水文泥沙资料,对射阳港拦门沙航道工程建设前后的水流、含沙量、悬沙粒径和底质特征进行了对比分析。研究表明:射阳港一期航道工程建设后航道内潮波发生变形,涨潮流速大、历时短;落潮流速小、历时长,进入到航道内泥沙很难被带出航道,容易导致航道淤积。工程区海域整体含沙量较大,一期工程建设后导堤内涨潮含沙量明显增大,口门净输沙向口内,通过口门进入到航道的高含沙水体是航道淤积的重要沙源之一。导堤间边滩表层存在部分淤泥,且具有一定流动性,在水流及自身重力作用下,边滩淤泥可归入航道内。 相似文献
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《Journal of Sea Research》2004,51(2):93-107
In this study we present in-situ measurements of pore water flow velocities in a coastal sandy sediment (permeability=3.65×10−10 m2). The advective pore water flows were driven by the interaction of oscillating boundary flows with sediment wave ripples, (amplitude=7 cm, wavelength=30 to 50 cm). The measurements were carried out in the Mediterranean Sea at 50 to 70 cm water depth during a phase of very low wave energy (max. wave amplitude=10 cm). An optode technique is introduced that permits direct pore water flow measurements using a fluorescent tracer. Near the sediment surface (0.5 cm depth) pore water reached velocities exceeding 40 cm h−1. Thus, advective transport exceeded transport by molecular diffusion by at least 3 orders of magnitude. Based on the pore water velocity measurements and ripple spacing, we calculate that 140 L m−2 d−1 are filtered through the sediment. Pore water visualisation experiments revealed a flow field with intrusion of water in the ripple troughs and pore water release at the ripple crests. The wave-driven water flow through the sediment, thus, was directly linked to the wave-generated sediment topography, and its spatial dimensions. These results show that surface waves cause water filtration through permeable sediments at water depths smaller than half the wavelength. We conclude that surface gravity waves constitute an important hydromechanical process that may convert large areas of the continental shelves into expansive filter systems. Surface gravity waves thereby could affect suspended particle concentration and cycling of matter in the shelf. 相似文献
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利用多种先进室内外测量仪器进行河口现场观测和室内电镜扫描获得相关资料,对长江河口北槽河道细颗粒泥沙絮凝的水沙环境、絮团的微观形态结构、絮团的粒径组成及其主要影响因素进行了综合分析和讨论。结果表明,北槽河道具有非常适宜细颗粒泥沙絮凝的潮流、盐度、含沙量和悬沙颗粒粒径等基本环境条件。北槽河道悬沙絮团形态多样,主要包括松散状絮团、蜂窝状絮团和密实状絮团。絮团主要由细粉砂和黏土类细颗粒泥沙组成,表面多粗糙不平,结构或密或疏。絮团粒径变化与潮周期动力过程密切相关,具有周期性变化特征。涨、落憩时絮团粒径较大,涨、落急时絮团粒径较小。絮团粒径涨憩大于落憩,小潮大于大潮。垂向上,絮团粒径由表层至底层逐渐增大。周期性潮流流速对北槽河道悬沙絮团粒径变化起到了控制作用。北槽细颗粒泥沙絮凝作用,是导致疏浚航道发生回淤的主要原因之一。 相似文献
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通过9组室内水槽试验，系统分析了不同周期和波高波浪作用下粉砂质细砂的悬移特性。试验结果表明，在波浪作用下，细颗粒泥沙在水体中悬浮产生明显的三层混浊结构：近底高浓度混浊层、中部混浊层和上部低浓度混浊层。其混浊度的大小与波浪动力条件相关，波浪周期的延长和波高的增加都会使近底层悬沙浓度显著增大，悬沙浓度的波动性在近底层表现得最为突出和复杂；波浪动力条件的改变对上层水体的悬沙浓度基本不产生影响。当波浪作用停止，悬沙开始静水沉降时，近底层水体含沙浓度的变化与波浪要素的比值相关，当波浪要素的比值大于临界值时，底层含沙浓度在一定时间段内反而增加，出现浓度返起现象。 相似文献
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Seismic features and origin of sediment waves in the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Tao Jiang Xinong Xie Zhenfeng Wang Xushen Li Yingzhao Zhang Hui Sun 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2013,34(3-4):281-294
Sediment waves have been documented around the world for several decades, and their origins are still debated because of their various characteristics in different settings. Based on numerous high-resolution seismic profiles and two boreholes, sediment waves are identified in deepwater areas of the eastern Qiongdongnan Basin, and their distribution and seismic features are illustrated. Combined with the bathymetry, the potential origins of these sediment waves are discussed. Drilling in the central canyon revealed that the channel infill comprises some along-slope fine-grained turbidites, which are good reservoir for gas plays. The sediment waves are distributed on the banks of the central canyon and their seismic features indicate that most of them are caused by turbidity current overflows along the canyon. Although previous researches on these sediment waves suggested that they were of westward-flowing contourite origin, detailed topographic map derived from the seafloor reflector on seismic data shows that there is a N–S trending ridge at the east part of sediment wave zones, which could block and divert the bottom current. According to the geometry of sediment waves, the flow thicknesses across the entire wave field are calculated as 280–560 m, and the current velocity falls in the range of 30–130 cm/s, which would favor a fine-grained composition and could be a good reservoir because of the better sorting of turbidites than contourites or other gravity flow deposits. 相似文献
17.
Internal tidal currents are the likely cause of erosional features such as current ripples, sand waves, and truncated bedding horizons on the sediment cap of Horizon Guyot. Current meter data obtained over a 9 month period in 1983–1984 at about 213 m above the guyot show that the tidal currents are anomalously strong for mid-oceanic depths, probably the result of topographically induced generation of internal tidal waves. An analysis of the initiation of motion of the foraminiferal sand by the internal tidal currents indicates that these currents, particularly during the months of March–May, are likely to transport the surficial sediment and generate the observed bedforms. 相似文献
18.
《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,62(1-2):161-168
This study examines the deposition of highly laminated muddy sediment in vibrocores recovered from a depth of 40–55 m of water and located 120 km east of the Yangtze River mouth. X-radiographs show numerous sharp-based sedimentary rhythmics with nearly parallel and undulated laminations, interbedded with silty lenses and interbeds. The laminated sediment varies from clayey silt to silty clay. AMS radiocarbon dates on well-preserved bivalves are primarily younger than 5500 y BP, indicating the formation of the laminated sediment under the present sea-level conditions. Macro- and microfossils in the sediments are consistent with the modern offshore sedimentary setting. The laminated sediment originated from the Yangtze estuary, but the sedimentation processes were not deltaic. The highly laminated sediment that lies below the normal wave base of 10 m was deposited on the seaward margin of the Yangtze subaqueous delta, closely associated with submarine tidal and storm-generated currents. 相似文献
19.
Wim van Leussen 《Geo-Marine Letters》1991,11(3-4):119-126
The behavior of fine-grained sediment transport under tidal action is reviewed. Erosion/sediment cycles are the characteristic
features, indicating the suspended sediment concentration is primarily governed by local phenomena. The long-term transports
cannot be understood without insight into the strongly variable short-term transports. The distribution of fine-grained sediment
deposits within an estuary and the properties of the top layer of the bed are essential. The amount of fine-grained sediment
in the bottom, potentially available for resuspension under specific conditions, can vary enormously within an estuary. Accurate
fine-grained sediment transport predictions often fail because of insufficient knowledge of this factor. 相似文献
20.
Albert Palanques Pere Puig Mikel Latasa Renate Scharek 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2009,56(3):425-434
Downward particle fluxes and hydrodynamics in the northwestern Mediterranean basin were measured by a sediment trap and a current meter deployed at 2350 m depth, 250 m above bottom, from November 2003 to April 2005. During the winter of 2003–2004 there were high river discharges, two strong E–SE storms and several moderate storms and short periods of moderate dense shelf-water cascading during which dense shelf water did not reach the deep basin. Downward particle fluxes at the basin site were low during most of this winter but increased above one order of magnitude as a consequence of the strong storm and moderate cascading event that occurred in late February 2004. During the winter of 2004–2005, neither important river floods nor strong storms occurred but there were very intense and persistent dense shelf-water cascading events from February to April 2005. Dense shelf water, mixed with offshore convection water, reached the basin site in early March 2005, increasing downward particle fluxes by more than two orders of magnitude for more than 1 month. These observations indicate that events of significant sediment transport to the northwestern Mediterranean basin can be caused by severe winter E–SE storms associated with moderate cascading events or by exceptionally intense and persistent dense shelf-water cascading episodes alone. On the other hand, river floods, severe storms during water column stratification conditions (without cascading) and moderate storms concurrent with moderate dense shelf-water cascading did not generate sediment transport events able to reach the basin. 相似文献