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1.
地球系统、成矿系统到勘查系统   总被引：22，自引：2，他引：20  
翟裕生 《地学前缘》2007,14(1):172-181
面对21世纪,矿床学和矿业发展有两大趋势(1)全球化;(2)矿产开发和环境保护的协调发展。矿床研究要扩展到全球背景。在简述地球系统和地球系统科学的基础上,提出了地质突发事件具有灾害和资源的两重性的观点。强调要从地球系统的大背景来研究成矿环境和成矿过程,也即将矿床成因和成矿系统研究提高到地球系统科学的层次,这是新世纪中矿床学发展的一个显著特点。成矿系统是一个有特色的地质系统,文中提出成矿系统论的5个要点(1)根据构造动力体制划分成矿系统大类;(2)多因耦合、临界转换的基本成矿机制;(3)矿床系列和地质-物探-化探-遥感异常系列共同构成的矿化网络;(4)矿床形成—变化—保存的全过程;(5)成矿系统的资源-环境双重效应。成矿系统论对于指导矿产勘查有重要意义。文中提出了成矿系统研究向勘查系统转化的原则和方法。通过对成矿系统的整体分析、空间分析、时间分析和历史分析,有助于明确找矿方向和目标。西藏朱诺斑岩铜矿的实践表明,勘查选区的核心问题是对找矿信息的分析、理解和把握。要将筛选关键找矿信息与分析成矿地质环境、控矿因素二者有机结合,赋予各种信息以客观、准确的地质内涵,是勘查选区成功的必要条件。最后,用“三环图”表示了地球系统、成矿系统和勘查系统的辩证关系。  相似文献   

2.
The Southern Alps of New Zealand is an actively rising mountain belt which displays a thermal anomaly adjacent to the Alpine Fault, the Australian-Pacific plate boundary. Extensive fluid movement occurs in this uplift zone, resulting in metallic vein mineralization. Gold mineralization is confined to greenschist facies rocks, while younger veins in amphibolite facies rocks near the Alpine Fault are enriched in copper. Transport and deposition of metals in this complex hydrothermal system is governed by interaction between rising metamorphic fluids and downward-percolating meteoric fluid. Metamorphic fluids have equilibrated with graphitic schist country rock and are relatively reduced. Infiltration and mixing of meteoric water increases oxygen activity and decreases sulphur activity in the fluid. Oxidised meteoric water heats up and dissolves Cu during downward percolation. This Cu is deposited as the fluid becomes more reduced. Hence, there is a progressive increase in copper content in the middle portions of the hydrothermal system, especially in the more permeable highly fractured rocks near the Alpine Fault.  相似文献   

3.
Discovery of diamondiferous kimberlites in the Mainpur Kimberlite Field, Raipur District, Chhattisgarh in central India, encouraged investigation of similar bodies in other parts of the Bastar craton. The earlier known Tokapal ultramafic intrusive body, located beyond the 19-km milestone in Tokapal village along the Jagdalpur–Geedam road, was reinterpreted as crater-facies kimberlite. Its stratigraphic position in the Meso-Neoproterozoic intracratonic sedimentary Indravati basin makes it one of the oldest preserved crater-facies kimberlite systems. Ground and limited subsurface data (dug-, tube-wells and exploratory boreholes) have outlined an extensive surface area (>550 ha) of the kimberlite. The morphological and surface color features of this body on enhanced satellite images suggest that there is a central feeder surrounded by a collar and wide pyroclastic apron. Exploration drilling indicates that the central zone probably corresponds to a vent overlain by resedimented volcaniclastic (epiclastic) rocks that are surrounded by a 2-km-wide spread of pyroclastic rocks (lapilli tuff, tuff/ash beds and volcaniclastic breccia). Drill-holes also reveal that kimberlitic lapilli tuffs and tuffs are sandwiched between the Kanger and Jagdalpur Formations and also form sills within the sedimentary sequence of the Indravati basin. The lapilli tuffs are commonly well stratified and display slumping. Base surges and lava flows occur in the southern part of the Tokapal system. The geochemistry and petrology of the rock correspond to average Group I kimberlite with a moderate degree of contamination. However, the exposed rock is intensely weathered and altered with strong leaching of mobile elements (Ba, Rb, Sr). Layers of vesicular fine-grained glassy material represent kimberlitic lava flows. Tuffs containing juvenile lapilli with pseudomorphed olivine macrocrysts are set in a talc–serpentine–carbonate matrix with locally abundant spinel and sphene. Garnet has not been observed, and phlogopite is very rare. Very limited microdiamond testing (two 18-kg samples) proved negative; however, the composition of chromite grains indicate crystallization in the diamond stability field.  相似文献   

4.
 Surface contamination with radioactive caesium introduced into the environment after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear plant was high enough in the Crimean Mountains to allow using radiocaesium as an indicator of penetration of radioactive contamination into a karst system. Caesium concentrations have been studied in soils above Marble Cave, Tchatyrdag Plateau, in percolation waters and in sediments transported by percolation waters within the cave. Contamination of the daylight surface with 137Cs is about 30 kqB m–2 which is approximately 13 times higher than the density of global fallouts. Besides 137Cs, almost all samples showed presence of 134Cs with the 137Cs/134Cs ratio close to that of Chernobyl contaminations. Concentrations of 137Cs range from 9 to 15 mBq l–1 in the present percolation waters in the cave. In sediments related to percolation waters 134Cs is detected in some samples besides 137Cs, although the effect of 228Ac is not ruled out. Surprisingly, the highest concentrations of radiocaesium were measured in "old" sediments in the cave's lower series. These sediments are not associated with modern percolation and are represented by a clay/moonmilk alternating sequence deposited in an old dried cave lake. Moonmilk layers have higher caesium content than clay. It is assumed that Chernobyl caesium was transported into the cave with aerosols which were then deposited mainly in areas where condensation occurs. The sampling site is located just in the boundary between two microclimatic zones with a temperature gradient of 0.5  °C. Active condensation processes occur in this area. Caesium was not detected in another similar sampling site (old lake deposits) located within homogeneous microclimatic conditions. If the above interpretation is correct, these results show the geochemical significance of the aerosol-condensation mechanism of mass transport and localisation. Received: 1 June 1995 · Accepted: 4 December 1995  相似文献   

5.
By definition, a crisis is a situation that requires assistance to be managed. Hence, response to a crisis involves the merging of local and non-local emergency response personnel. In this situation, it is critical that each participant: (1) know the roles and responsibilities of each of the other participants; (2) know the capabilities of each of the participants; and (3) have a common basis for action. For many types of natural disasters, this entails having a common operational picture of the unfolding events, including detailed information on the weather, both current and forecasted, that may impact on either the emergency itself or on response activities. The Consequences Assessment Tool Set (CATS) is a comprehensive package of hazard prediction models and casualty and damage assessment tools that provides a linkage between a modeled or observed effect and the attendant consequences for populations, infrastructure, and resources, and, hence, provides the common operational picture for emergency response. The Operational Multiscale Environment model with Grid Adaptivity (OMEGA) is an atmospheric simulation system that links the latest methods in computational fluid dynamics and high-resolution gridding technologies with numerical weather prediction to provide specific weather analysis and forecast capability that can be merged into the geographic information system framework of CATS. This paper documents the problem of emergency response as an end-to-end system and presents the integrated CATS–OMEGA system as a prototype of such a system that has been used successfully in a number of different situations.  相似文献   

6.
在江西赣州西北部蛤湖地区发现1条韧性拆离断层，宽1～3km，倾向南东。该断层以震旦系砂页岩的构造片岩化和中酸性火山岩的糜棱岩化为特征。其上盘由5～6条铲式正断层组成，正断层的倾向与拆离断层一致，其中最上部的1条正断层控制了箕状断陷盆地的形成和分布；下盘为笔架山穹隆状复式花岗岩杂岩体及其外接触带的震旦系浅变质地层。这些构造构成了一个在成因上与拆离断层形成有关的伸展构造体系。该体系的形成与区域北东向地垒式隆起局部地段的强烈隆升有关，发生于侏罗纪至晚白垩世，其活动对内生成矿起着重要的控制作用。  相似文献   

7.
Continental China is a mosaic of numerous tectonic blocks, which amalgamated from Neoarchean to Cenozoic broadly coeval with the cycles of global supercontinents such as Kenorland, Columbia, Rodinia, Gondwana, and Pangaea. By reviewing the long-lasting geological evolution in the different tectonic blocks, it reveals that more than two episodes of tectonic events, including accretionary and collisional orogeny, and dismantling, as well as mantle plume, occurred successively or simultaneously within a single tectonic belt. This is called superimposed orogeny in this study. Examples of the dominant types of superimposed orogeny in China include: (1) Cenozoic continental collision superimposed on Paleo- to Mesozoic accretionary orogeny in the Tibet and Sanjiang orogenic belts; (2) Reactivation of Paleozoic accretionary orogen in later Mesozoic oceanic subduction in the eastern part of Qinling–Qilian–Kunlun and Central Asian orogenic belts; (3) Mesozoic oceanic subduction under the paleo-suture in the South China Block; (4) Mesozoic demantling along the Paleo- and Neoproterozoic, and Paleozoic sutures in the eastern part of North China Craton; and (5) mantle plume rising through metasomatized lithospheric mantle or stagnant oceanic slab in the Emeishan large igneous province. A comprehensive review of the spatial-temporal distribution of ore deposits and their salient features shows that the superimposed orogeny has exerted significant control on metallogeny in China. The giant porphyry and skarnore deposits, as well as orogenic gold deposits were preferentially formed along previous tectonic suture, craton margin, and arc during later orogenesis due to the remobilization of previously enriched metals. Superimposed orogeny has reworked the lithospheric structure with concomitant granitoid-associated metallogeny. The mixing of magmas from juvenile lower crust, ancient lower crust, and middle crust, which tends to induce the different mineralization of Cu–Au, Mo, and Pb–Zn–W–Sn deposits respectively, was considered to generate a wide variety of combinations of metal species. The superimposed orogeny caused the overlapping of diverse genetic types of deposit formed in different tectonic periods in the same tectono-metallogenic belt. The stratiform ore deposit, including BIF, VMS, SEDEX, or sedimentary sulfide layers, formed from Neoarchean to Paleozoic, were modified by later mineralization, resulting in the enrichment of the various metal species and enhancement of ore resources. This study brings up the concept of composite metallogenic system to summarize the regional metallogeny driven by superimposed orogeny. The composite metallogenic system was dominantly characterized by the multi-episodic and diverse mineralization concomitant with one or more features, including mineralization evolved from the previous metal enrichment, later overlapping or modification on previous ore belt, and diversifying of metal species derived from reworked lithosphere.  相似文献   

8.
Integrated geophysical techniques including resistivity image, vertical electrical sounding (VES), and seismic refraction have been conducted to investigate the Wadi Hanifah water system. The groundwater in Wadi Hanifah has problems caused by the high volumes of sewage water percolating into the ground. The combination of VES, resistivity image, and seismic refraction has made a valuable contribution to the identification of the interface between the contaminated and fresh water in Wadi Hanifah area. The contaminated groundwater has lower resistivity values than fresh groundwater due to the higher concentration of ions which reduces the resistivity. Resistivity image and sounding in this area clearly identified the nature of the lithological depth and proved useful at identifying water-bearing zones. Fresh groundwater was found in the study area at a depth of 100 m within the fractured limestone. Water-bearing zones occur in two aquifers, shallow contaminated water at 10 m depth in alluvial deposits and the deeper fresh water aquifer at a depth of about 100 m in fractured limestone. The interface between the contaminated water (sanitary water) and fresh water marked out horizontally at 100 m distance from the main channel and vertically at 20 m depth.  相似文献   

9.
The Central Aldan ore district (CAOD) is considered as an integral ore-forming magmatogenic system (IOMS) consisting of ore-forming systems of different ranks. The epicenter of the IOMS is occupied by the main (head) magma conduit expressed at the present erosion level as the Western El’kon magmatic area. The systematic radial position of the main ore-bearing zones relative to the IOMS’s epicenter is considered as an indication of their relation to the head magma conduit. There are daughter ore forming systems of the first order (the El’kon (EOS), Kuranakh (KOS), and Tommot (TOS)), as well as ore systems of higher orders. Ore zoning distinctly observed in the EOS and KOS and outlined in the TOS consists of the change of the gold or molybdenum (EOS) mineralization for gold-uranium mineralization toward the head of the magma conduit. The ore objects are derivatives of magmatic reservoirs (chambers) located at different levels of the staged magmatogenic system. The gold and uranium mineralization is mainly related to the pervasive potassic metasomatism. The CAOD is considered as a superproductive area promising for revealing new large ore deposits and recommended as a priority object for large scale gold and uranium exploration.  相似文献   

10.
The availability of fluids and drill cuttings from the active hydrothermal system at Roosevelt Hot Springs allows a quantitative comparison between the observed and predicted alteration mineralogy, calculated from fluid-mineral equilibria relationships. Comparison of all wells and springs in the thermal area indicates a common reservoir source, and geothermometer calculations predict its temperature to be higher (288°C ± 10°) than the maximum measured temperature of 268°C.The composition of the deep reservoir fluid was estimated from surface well samples, allowing for steam loss, gas release, mineral precipitation and ground-water mixing in the well bore. This deep fluid is sodium chloride in character, with approximately 9700 ppm dissolved solids, a pH of 6.0, and gas partial pressures of O2 ranging from 10?32 to 10?35 atm, CO2 of 11 atm, H2S of 0.020 atm and CH4 of 0.001 atm.Comparison of the alteration mineralogy from producing and nonproducing wells allowed delineation of an alteration pattern characteristic of the reservoir rock. Theoretical alteration mineral assemblages in equilibrium with the deep reservoir fluid, between 150° and 300°C, in the system Na2O-K2O-CaO-MgO-FeO-Fe2O3-Al2O3-H4SiO4-H2O-H2S-CO2-HCl, were calculated. Minerals theoretically in equilibrium with the calculated reservoir fluid at >240°C include sericite, K-feldspar, quartz, chalcedony, hematite, magnetite and pyrite. This assemblage corresponds with observed higher-temperature (>210°C) alteration assemblage in the deeper parts of the producing wells. The presence of montmorillonite and mixed-layer clays with the above assemblage observed at temperatures <210°C corresponds with minerals predicted to be in equilibrium with the fluid below 240°C.Alteration minerals present in the reservoir rock that do not exhibit equilibrium with respect to the reservoir fluid include epidote, anhydrite, calcite and chlorite. These may be products of an earlier hydrothermal event, or processes such as boiling and mixing, or a result of errors in the equilibrium calculations as a result of inadequate thermochemical data.  相似文献   

11.
Mower County is in southeastern Minnesota in an area underlain by sedimentary bedrock. These rocks are karsted Middle Devonian and Middle Ordovician limestone and dolomite. The karst features of the county were inventoried. These features include sinkholes, disappearing streams, caves, dry valleys, and springs. Previous karst mapping efforts for other counties in Minnesota have produced sinkhole probability maps and a springshed map. In Mower County, we have developed a new type of karst map using a geographic information system (GIS) to produce a karst unit map. Karst units are discrete three-dimensional bodies in which solution of the bedrock has resulted in the integration of surface water and groundwater. The field mapping and hydrologic investigations were done with conventional methods. The karst unit delineation was done using GIS technology, which allowed us to examine the county's karst using two-dimensional and three-dimensional views. Many different overlays of the karst elements were combined to better understand the landscape dynamics. Ultimately, it was the overlay of the karst features, hydrologic information, and depth-to-bedrock mapping on a shaded relief landscape morphology map which allowed us to best delineate the individual karst units.  相似文献   

12.
A 1600-m-thick succession of the Miocene Horse Camp Formation (Member 2) exposed in east-central Nevada records predominantly terrigenous clastic deposition in subaerial and subaqueous fan-delta environments and nearshore and offshore lacustrine environments. These four depositional environments are distinguished by particular associations of individual facies (14 defined facies). Subaerial and subaqueous fan-delta facies associations include: ungraded, matrix-and clast-supported conglomerate; normally graded, matrix- and clast-supported conglomerate; ungraded and normally graded sandstone; and massive to poorly laminated mudstone. Subaqueous fan-delta deposits typically have dewatering structures, distorted bedding and interbedded mudstone. The subaerial fan-delta environment was characterized by debris flows, hyperconcentrated flows and minor sheetfloods; the subaqueous fan-delta environment by debris flows, high- and low-density turbidity currents, and suspension fallout. The nearshore lacustrine facies association provides examples of deposits and processes rarely documented in lacustrine environments. High-energy oscillatory wave currents, probably related to a large fetch, reworked grains as large as 2 cm into horizontally stratified sand and gravel. Offshore-directed currents produced uncommonly large (typically 1–2 m thick) trough cross-stratified sandstone. In addition, stromatolitic carbonate interbedded with stratified coarse sandstone and conglomerate suggests a dynamic environment characterized by episodic terrigenous clastic deposition under high-energy conditions alternating with periods of carbonate precipitation under reduced energy conditions. Massive and normally graded sandstone and massive to poorly laminated mudstone characterize the offshore lacustrine facies association and record deposition by turbidity currents and suspension fallout. A depositional model constructed for the Horse Camp Formation (Member 2) precludes the existence of all four depositional environments at any particular time. Rather, phases characterized by deposition in subaerial fan, nearshore lacustrine and offshore lacustrine environments alternated with phases of subaerial fan-delta, subaqueous fan-delta and offshore lacustrine deposition. This model suggests that high-energy nearshore currents due to deep water along the lake margin reworked sediment of the fan edge, thus preventing development of a subaqueous fan-delta environment and promoting development of a well-defined nearshore lacustrine environment. Low-energy nearshore currents induced by shallow water along the  相似文献   

13.
The National Flash Flood Prevention Project, which mainly consists of non-structural and supplementary structural measures, has been conducted for 6 years in China. Some preliminary achievements have contributed to the prevention of flash flood in China. Based on the latest information, this article introduces China’s flash flood prevention system, primarily from the perspective of its development process, components, investment, and characteristics. To date, the system has incorporated many distinguished large-scale features such as the largest rain gauge network (approximately 0.5 million stations) in the world, massive disaster observation and preparedness networks, people-and-expert combined monitoring and forecasting data integration system, and a vast implementation area. Based on its early achievements and some typical case investigations of such flash flood prevention system, the article also discusses China’s prospects for preventing flash flood disasters in the future.  相似文献   

14.
The ca 300 m thick Guaso system is the youngest part of the ca 4 km thick deep-marine fill of the Middle Eocene Ainsa basin, Spanish Pyrenees. It is overlain by 150 to 200 m of fine-grained slope, prodelta and deltaic sediments. The ca 25 discrete deep-marine sandbodies within the Ainsa basin accumulated over ca 10 Myr, making eustasy the most likely control for coarse sand deposition (probably the ca 400 kyr Milankovitch mode). The first-order control on basin-scale accommodation, however, was tectonically-driven subsidence. Previously, the Guaso sandbodies were interpreted as linked to deep erosional, canyon-like features, but here it is argued that they are laterally extensive sandbodies, built by lateral-switching of 3 to 10 m deep erosional channels, and confined only by basin structure during deposition. The Guaso system represents the end of deep-marine deposition in a structurally-confined, delta-fed, low-gradient clastic system. The critical end-signature of deep-marine deposition was a phase of differential tectonic uplift above the underlying (Boltaña) thrust creating a narrower and shallower basin morphology, thus allowing sedimentation to create a low-gradient clastic system. Then, the next eustatic sea-level fall was insufficient to permit the cutting of canyons or deeply-incised slope channels, as had been the case earlier when the topographic relief between shelf and basin was at least several hundred metres greater. Such low-gradient clastic systems may characterize the end-signature for the infill of other shallowing-up deep-marine basins where a tectonic driver on subsidence is removed and/or differential uplift/subsidence leads to reduced sea floor gradients, leaving eustasy and sediment flux as the principal control on sediment supply.  相似文献   

15.
The paper presents data on the geographic and geological conditions of modern sedimentation in Lake Untersee, the largest lake in East Antarctica. Geochemical and sedimentation data indicate that the leading mechanism providing Al-Si sedimentary material to the surface layer of the bottom sediments is the seasonal melting of the Anuchin glacier and the mountain glacier on the southeastern face of the valley hosting the lake. The strongly reduced conditions in the lowermost 25 m of the water column in the smaller of the two depressions at the lake bottom were favorable for the enrichment of the bottom sediments in bacteriogenic organic matter, Mo, Au, and Pd. The H2S-contaminated water facilitates the significant enrichment of the sediments only in redox-sensitive elements able to migrate in the form of anionic complexes and precipitate (coprecipitate) as sulfides.  相似文献   

16.
Summary A simple system for the measurement of spectral reflectance has been developed specifically for ore mineral identification. It includes a monochromatizing device consisting of 16 narrow-band homogeneous interference-filters, contained in a steel slide. These filters, which provide peak-wavelengths from 400 to 700 nm are moved into the light-path of the microscope under computer control. The measured reflectance spectra are automatically identified by comparison with a large number of stored reference curves.
Ein einfaches, automatisches System zur Erzmineral-Bestimmung
Zusammenfassung Es wird ein einfaches, für die speziellen Zwecke der Erzmineraldiagnose zugeschnittenes Meß- und Auswertungssystem für spektrale Reflexionsmessungen beschrieben. Als Monochromator werden dabei 16 homogene Interferenzfilter mit Peak-Wellenlängen von 400 bis 700 nm in Schritten von 20 nm benutzt, die computergesteuert in den Lichtweg des Mikroskops geschoben werden. Die erhaltenen Reflexionsspektren können anhand einer großen Anzahl gespeicherter Referenzkurven automatisch identifiziert werden.

With 3 Figures

Contribution to the Ore Mineralogy Symposium (IMA/COM) at the 14th General Meeting of the International Mineralogical Association, at Stanford, California, in July, 1986.  相似文献   

17.
三江特提斯兰坪盆地构造-流体-成矿系统   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1  
西南三江中段兰坪地区经历了复杂的碰撞造山过程,导致成矿时间长、强度大、作用多样,复合叠加成矿突出;碰撞造山时空演化格架和成矿作用已有深入探索,而叠加成矿作用及其对碰撞造山过程的响应,构造控矿样式,及金属富集机理尚需研究。本文以碰撞造山过程与成矿系统研究为基础,选取金顶和金满等矿床为重点解剖对象,以盆地卤水和热液铅锌铜银成矿作用为主线,利用锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb和流体包裹体测试分析手段,解析兰坪盆地构造-流体-成矿系统。利用锆石U-Pb同位素定年获得兰坪盆地西侧片麻质花岗岩和二长花岗岩的上交点年龄和加权平均年龄为1067±20Ma和206±1Ma,分别代表了基底岩石前寒武时期变质事件的年龄,以及昌宁-孟连古特提斯洋后碰撞造山事件的年龄。在此基础上,构建了兰坪盆地的前寒武盆地基底形成、中二叠世-中三叠世前陆盆地、晚三叠世裂谷盆地、侏罗纪-白垩纪坳陷盆地、古新世-早渐新世前陆盆地和晚渐新世-中新世走滑拉分盆地等复杂的转化过程。三江特提斯兰坪盆地发育3个与碰撞造山盆地有关的Pb-ZnCu-Ag-Au-Sb-Hg成矿系统:(1)中低温热液脉型Cu-Ag多金属成矿系统,以金满-连城铜钼矿床为代表。成矿铜和铅锌矿化两期叠加,集中于早始新世(56~46Ma)和渐新世-中新世(32~21Ma)。成矿流体盐度变化于0.88%~20.51%NaC leqv之间,成矿温度较低,通常在210~270℃,显示以低温高盐度的盆地卤水为主的特征,可能受到来自富CO2的变质流体影响;(2)浅成低温热液Sb-Au-Hg-As多金属成矿系统,以笔架山锑矿床为代表。成矿时间集中于中-晚始新世。成矿流体盐度6.0%NaC leqv,成矿温度较低,通常在145~200℃,显示以大气降水为主的特征;(3)密西西比河谷型Pb-Zn多金属成矿系统,以金顶超大型铅锌矿床为代表。成矿时间集中于32~21Ma之间。成矿流体盐度变化于1.6%~18%NaC leqv之间,成矿温度较低,通常在80~190℃,显示以低温高盐度的盆地卤水为主的特征,可能有大气降水的贡献。文章最后解析了兰坪盆地构造-流体-成矿过程。研究对兰坪地区盆地卤水–岩浆热液型铅锌铜银成矿系统认识,为大陆碰撞过程及叠加成矿作用进一步研究提供理论支撑。  相似文献   

18.
通过大量钻井和露头资料的沉积学研究,确认了白垩纪—古近纪三水盆地存在冲积扇、扇三角洲、河流(辫状河)、三角洲、湖泊五大沉积体系,并详细描述了它们的特征和时空分布规律。根据五大沉积体系在纵向上的叠置关系,把三水盆地分为①早白垩世底部粗碎屑进积阶段;②晚白垩世初始湖泛阶段;③古新世—早始新世湖泊细碎屑加积阶段:④中始新世—晚始新世顶部粗碎屑填积阶段。最后,根据沉积演化过程中的生储盖匹配关系,指出盆地西部宝月地区为最有利的油气勘探区块,最有利的层位为古近系怖心组,最有利的沉积体系为发育在怖心组大岗段之上的冲积扇、扇三角洲和三角洲。  相似文献   

19.
广东三水盆地沉积体系研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
通过大量钻井和露头资料的沉积学研究,确认了白垩纪-古近纪三水盆地存在冲积扇、扇三角洲、河流(辫状河)、三角洲、湖泊五大沉积体系,并详细描述了它们的特征和时空分布规律.根据五大沉积体系在纵向上的叠置关系,把三水盆地分为①早白垩世底部粗碎屑进积阶段;②晚白垩世初始湖泛阶段;③古新世-早始新世湖泊细碎屑加积阶段:④中始新世-晚始新世顶部粗碎屑填积阶段.最后,根据沉积演化过程中的生储盖匹配关系,指出盆地西部宝月地区为最有利的油气勘探区块,最有利的层位为古近系怖心组,最有利的沉积体系为发育在怖心组大岗段之上的冲积扇、扇三角洲和三角洲.  相似文献   

20.
This paper is a companion to Clark (1988; hereafter Part I) which described the evolution of the Tejeda Magmatic System (TMS), a Miocene caldera complex, Gran Canaria, Spain, based on geochronologic, paleomagnetic and field data. In this study, petrochemical data are used to corroborate the history out-lined in Part I. Geochemical discriminant analysis shows that whereas the Extra-Caldera (EC) Mogan/Fataga volcanics are separated by a composition gap, no composition gap exists within the Intra-Caldera (IC) sequence. IC ignimbrites change rapidly but progressively from pantellerites and comendites to comenditic trachytes and finally to trachytes in a 0.47 Ma time interval. Significantly, the lower pantelleritic part of the IC series is similar to the EC pantellerites (units B, C and D) as expected based on results from Part I. The appearance of a compositional gap in the EC sequence is the result of flows having been trapped within the caldera during the 0.47 Ma Mogan-Fataga transition interval. The transitional IC sequence may be geochemically modelled by mixing of Mogan comendites and Fataga trachytes. The mixing was most probably induced by the high discharge of magma from the compositionally-zoned Tejeda magma body. The rate of change in erupted composition is best explained by imagining a continuous influx of Fataga or parental Fataga magma into a chamber whose previous silicic component (Mogan composition) was no longer being replenished and that the two magmas did not convectively mix prior to eruption. Repose times between successive eruptions in the lower to middle Mogan (from P1/T1 to A) were of order 30 000 a; the upper Mogan pantellerites and comendites/comenditic trachytes (B to F?) erupted once every 125 000 years or so. The longer repose time for the upper units is consistent with their more differentiated character.  相似文献   

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