共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
I. S. Robinson 《Geophysical Journal International》1980,62(1):77-95
Summary. An analytical model of one-dimensional long wave propagation is developed for a wedge-shaped estuary, with bottom friction included in the momentum equation. The model is applied to the M2 tidal propagation in the Bristol Channel. It appears to represent the amplitude and phase of both elevation and velocity better than the earlier models of Taylor and Bennett. Estimates of energy flux into the estuary are seen to depend critically on the boundary conditions chosen to tune the model. Conditions at Spring and Neap tides are also reproduced by the analytical solution, and the response of the tides to the introduction of a solid barrier at different location is evaluated using the model. 相似文献
2.
3.
I. S. Robinson 《Geophysical Journal International》1981,65(3):611-626
Summary. The analytical wedge-shaped model of tidal propagation with friction described in an earlier paper which has complex Bessel function solutions, has been applied to the Bristol Channel with the introduction of a power-generating barrier. An analytical solution is possible for a linear flow condition at the barrier, assuming time variation at a single dominant tidal frequency, which requires symmetrical lunar operation of the barrage. Having obtained an analytical expression for the available power, the flow condition at the barrier is optimized to maximize the available power. If a phase lag is introduced between the water head and the flow at the barrier, significant increases in power are attainable. Variation of the upper end boundary condition indicates that closing off the upper Severn Estuary to tidal propagation would enable more power to be extracted at the barrage. Modification of the mouth boundary condition to take into account the response of the external sea to variations of flow across the mouth indicates a small reduction in available power. The model is intended as a simple indicator of the overall dynamics, rather than a prediction of the detailed response to the introduction of a barrier. 相似文献
4.
ABSTRACT. Meteorological tsunamis, or meteo‐tsunamis, are long‐period waves that possess tsunami characteristics but are meteorological in origin, although they are not storm surges. In this article we investigate the coast of southern Britain‐the English Channel, the Bristol Channel, and the Severn Estuary‐for the occurrence of tsunami‐like waves that, in the absence of associated seismic activity, we recognize as meteo‐tsunamis. The passage of squall lines over the sea apparently generated three of these events, and two seem to have been far‐traveled, long‐period waves from mid‐North Atlantic atmospheric low‐pressure systems. The remaining three wave events appear to have been associated with storms that, among possible explanations, may have induced large‐amplitude standing waves‐such as seiches‐or created long‐period waves through the opposition of onshore gale‐force winds and swells with high ebb tidal current velocities. This coastal hazard has resulted in damage and loss of life and should be considered in future coastal defense strategies and in beachuser risk assessments. 相似文献
5.
T. F. Baker 《Geophysical Journal International》1980,62(2):269-290
Summary. Tidal tilt measurements in a disused lead mine at Llanrwst, North Wales, are used to examine the magnitudes of the local strain—tilt coupling perturbations that can be expected in mine and tunnel installations. From the spatial variability of the tilt signal and comparisons with tidal loading calculations on radially stratified Earth models, it is concluded that typical strain—tilt coupling perturbations are at the ± 10 per cent level. The general problem of using tidal loading tilt and strain measurements to investigate the elastic parameters of layered models of the crust and upper mantle is studied by examining the sensitivities of the load Green's functions to these parameters. It is shown that the load tilt essentially gives information on Young's modulus whereas the load strain, although more sensitive to the structure, depends on both Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio. These investigations show that, if load tilt or load strain can be measured to an accuracy of 1 or 2 per cent, then they can be used to improve models of the crust and upper mantle. It is concluded that due to the local strain—tilt coupling perturbations this accuracy cannot be achieved in mines or tunnels and that future measurements should be made in boreholes or near surface trenches. The tidal loading models are also used to examine the spatial variation of the M2 loading tilt in Europe. 相似文献
6.
M. Amin 《Geophysical Journal International》1982,68(1):57-78
Summary. Long-period tidal records from eight ports on the west coast of Great Britain are analysed, using both the harmonic method and the response function. Time series up to 9.5 yr were used so that fine structure of certain regions of high energy in the tidal residual spectrum may be examined. This also assisted in accurate separation of tides from surges. According to the currently accepted formulation of M1 , its composition is not compatible with its actual composition in the real tide and, as such, has no useful purpose to serve in computation of predictions. Constituents Sa, Ssa, MA, and MB, are adversly affected by weather and long records are essential for their accurate separation. It has been observed that annual perturbations of S2 , similar to those confirmed in recent years for M2 , also exist but these are not readily recognisable because their speeds are the same as those of constituents T2 and R2 . These perturbations, being highly sensitive to meteorological forces, are mainly responsible for cusps or humps in the vicinity of major tidal constituents in tidal residual spectra. The relationship of radiational and gravitational tides is found to be in very good agreement with theoretical results. In summer months non-predictable variance reduces to about half of the annual variance, reflecting the regional weather conditions of summer and winter. 相似文献
7.
根据石码站1980年以来多年潮位统计资料,分析九龙江口南港潮位变化及其原因．结果表明,近十多年来,南港低潮位持续下降,而高潮位变化不大,2005年平均潮差达4．0m以上．大量挖取砂和径流量减少是导致低水位下降的主要原因．南港已成为受潮汐影响明显的河口潮流段,其深度基准面应按照海区性质,选用理论最低湖面． 相似文献
8.
长江口水域多光谱遥感水深反演模型研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用Landsat-7 ETM 遥感影像反射率和实测水深值之间的相关性可以探测水深。该文介绍单波段、双波段比值和多波段3种线性回归模型以及动量BP人工神经网络水深反演模型。选择长江口北港河道上段作为研究区,利用上述模型,分两种情况进行水深反演:一是以河道全部历史样本建模;二是将河道按自然水深划分为浅水区和深水区分别建模。结果表明:神经网络模型预测精度高于线性回归模型;水深分区后线性回归和神经网络模型预测误差均有所减小。 相似文献
9.
长江河口最大浑浊带水沙输运机制分析 总被引：33，自引：0，他引：33
本文根据大量的实测资料，运用机理的分析方法，讨论了长江口最大浑浊带中各输沙项的作用。结果表明，平均流输沙、斯托克斯漂流效应、潮汐捕集以及垂向不流是净输沙的主要部分。 相似文献
10.
黄河三角洲潮沟网络形态特征的时空分异规律及其发育过程 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
潮沟是陆海生态系统交互作用的主要通道,具有高度的时空动态性。以黄河三角洲新旧河道为界,划分黄河北岸（Ⅰ区）、南岸东（Ⅱ区）、南岸西（Ⅲ区）为对比研究区,选择1998—2018年5个关键时间节点的遥感影像为数据源,利用GIS空间分析功能,定量表征了潮沟发育程度的典型形态特征参数,剖析了黄河改道、湿地恢复工程和外来物种入侵等因子对潮沟发育过程的影响,挖掘潮沟网络的时空演变规律。结果表明：① 潮沟的形态特征具有明显的时空异质性。从1998年黄河改道初期至2004年湿地恢复初期,Ⅰ区各等级潮沟数量大幅减少;由于潮滩淤进和互花米草固滩作用,Ⅱ区潮沟数量、密度、分汊率呈现增长趋势,在2013年互花米草的快速扩张期,潮沟曲率、分汊率明显增大;Ⅲ区潮沟发育的等级、长度、密度最大,等级间的转化频率最高,湿地恢复工程导致低等级潮沟数量、长度明显减少,较强的海洋动力抑制了潮沟曲流的发育。② 黄河改道和侧弯丁坝建设导致平均归槽长度（OPL）增大,潮沟网络的排水效率减少。互花米草的快速扩张使排水效率增大,OPL不断降低;潮沟发育程度Ⅲ区>Ⅱ区>Ⅰ区。③ 潮沟系统由快速变化青年期整体进入缓慢变化中年期,发育状态趋于动态平衡。研究成果有助于了解大范围潮沟的发育过程及演变机制,为沿岸潮滩开发与利用提供科学的决策支撑。 相似文献
11.
为了更好地理解在潮水和植被交互作用梯度上有机质、全氮和全磷分布的特殊性,分别于生长季和非生长季在苏北盐沼沿近潮沟带和远潮沟带2条样线布设9个固定采样区,采集土壤样品,测定土壤有机质、全氮和全磷的含量。结果表明：植被和潮水的交互作用是决定土壤有机质、全氮和全磷时空变化的关键因素。相对于潮水,植被的影响更为稳定和持久;盐沼土壤有机质和全氮含量具有显著的空间和月份变化,空间变化主要包括植被带（潮水）梯度上和样带间（潮流）的差异,在植被带（潮水）梯度上植被带高于光滩,而植被带间呈现由海向陆的递减趋势,即互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)>盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)>獐茅(Aeluropus littoralis)>芦苇( Phragmites australis);有机质样带间差异表现为在低位盐沼远潮沟带大于近潮沟带,而中位盐沼却是近潮沟带大于远潮沟带,全磷含量时间和空间变化上均不具显著性;pH、土壤含水量和盐分含量等与潮水作用直接相关的因子与距海距离呈负相关关系,土壤有机质、全氮和全磷与距海距离也表现为负相关关系,而土壤有机质、全氮和全磷含量与pH、土壤含水量及盐分含量等因子为正相关关系,一定程度上诠释了潮水对土壤有机质、全氮和全磷含量变化的影响。 相似文献
12.
基于非结构三角形网格的FVCOM(Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model)海洋数值模式,对白令海峡及其邻近海域的潮汐、潮能进行数值模拟研究。模拟结果同验潮站和实测海流资料符合良好,较好地反映了白令海峡及其邻近海域的潮汐、潮流分布特征和运动状况。根据计算结果绘制了主要分潮的同潮图和潮流椭圆图,对该海域潮汐潮流特征进行了系统分析。结果表明,白令海陆架区、白令海峡和楚科奇海主要以M2分潮为主,而在诺顿湾海域以K1分潮为主,M2分潮潮流在白令海陆架东南部及阿纳德尔湾较强,K1分潮潮流在诺顿湾潮流达到最大值。在此基础上,对其潮汐能的传播与耗散进行分析,结果发现研究海域潮能通量较小,主要分潮在研究海域潮能耗散总量约为751 MW,M2潮能耗散占该总量的52%,K1潮能耗散占38%,潮能进入白令海陆架后,M2分潮主要在圣劳伦斯岛以南陆架区耗散,K1分潮主要在诺顿湾海区耗散。 相似文献
13.
Summary. Results from eight seismic refraction lines, 35–90 km long, in the Bristol Channel area are presented. The data, mostly land recordings of marine shots, have been interpreted mainly by ray-tracing and time-term modelling. Upper layer velocities through Palaeozoic rocks usually fall within the range 4.8–5.2 km s−1 . Below the Carboniferous Limestone with a normal velocity of 5.1–5.2 kms−1 , the Old Red Sandstone with a velocity of 4.7–4.8 kms−1 acts as a low velocity layer, as do parts of the underlying Lower Palaeozoic succession. In the central South Wales/Bristol Channel area and the Mendips, a 5.4–5.5 km s−1 refractor is correlated with a horizon at or near the top of the Lower Palaeozoic succession. Under the whole area, except for north Devon, a 6.0–6.2 km s−1 basal refractor has been located and is correlated with Precambrian crystalline basement rocks. In general, this refractor deepens southwards from a series of basement highs, which existed before the major movements of the Variscan orogeny in South Wales, resulting in a southerly thickening of the pre Upper Carboniferous supra-basement sequence. In north Devon, a 6.2 km s−1 refractor at shallow depth, interpreted as a horizon in the Devonian or Lower Palaeozoic succession, overlies a deep reflector that may represent the Precambrian crystalline basement. 相似文献
14.
Tidal creeks are the main channels of land-sea ecosystem interactions, and their high dynamics are an important factor affecting the hydrological connectivity of tidal flats.Taking the Yellow River Delta as the research area, we selected remote sensing images obtained during five periods from 1998 to 2018 as the data sources. Based on the spatial analysis function in GIS, the typical morphological characteristics of tidal creeks, such as the level,length, density, curvature, bifurcation ratio, and overmarsh path length(OPL), were extracted to characterize the degree of development of the tidal creeks in the Yellow River Delta wetlands. The spatio-temporal evolution of the tidal creeks was studied, and the development process and the characteristics of the tidal creeks during the different stages of development were investigated. The results revealed that(1) The number, density, and bifurcation ratio of tidal creeks exhibit an increasing trend, but the growth of the trend is slowing. The number of tidal creeks increased by 44.9% from the initial stage of the Yellow River diversion to the late stage of the wetland restoration, but it only increased by 26.2% from the late stage of the wetland restoration to the slow expansion of the Spartina alterniflora.(2) The curvature of the tidal creeks on the landward side is greater than that on the seaward side.(3) The development degree of tidal creek has spatial heterogenetiy, which is Area Ⅲ Area Ⅱ Area Ⅰ.(4)The drainage efficiency is significantly correlated with the tidal creak density and bifurcation ratio. Based on the analysis of the various morphological parameters and the drainage efficiency, it was found that after the rapid change in the tidal creek system in the early stage, the tidal creeks entered a state of slow change, and the development state of the tidal creeks tends to be in dynamic balance. The results of this study are expected to provide scientific support for the sustainable development and utilization of coastal tidal flats. 相似文献
15.
Summary. Three complementary methods for the extraction of the M2 ocean tide using SEASAT altimetry are presented and compared. The first method (that developed by Cartwright & Alcock), which provides 'point measurements'of the tide at the crossovers of the SEASAT repeat orbit ground track, has been applied to a study of the tide in tropical ocean areas. The other two methods involve spatial expansions of M2 in terms of either surface spherical harmonics (in the case of the method developed by Mazzega) or Platzman normal modes of the world ocean. The results obtained by each method from only one month of SEASAT data reproduce many features of the tide represented in recent tidal models, and promise well for satellite altimetry as a future source of tidal knowledge. 相似文献
16.
海南岛潮汐汊道的现代沉积特征研究* 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海南岛存在着大量港湾溺谷型和砂坝泻湖型潮汐汊道。本文以两类潮汐汊道的典型──三亚砂坝泻湖型潮汐汊道和洋浦港湾溺谷型潮汐汊道为例,分析了两类潮汐汊道的成因和地貌发育体系;研究了两类潮汐汊道的现代沉积特征(粒度、重矿、地球化学、有孔虫);对比了两类潮汐汊道的发育模式和沉积模式;探讨了两类潮汐汊道的稳定性。 相似文献
17.
D. J. Webb 《Geophysical Journal International》1982,70(1):261-271
Summary. A model of the tides in a hemispherical ocean is used to investigate the effect of changes in the Earth's rotation rate on the power dissipated by the ocean tides. The results obtained are then used in an idealized astronomical model to investigate how they affect the history of the Earth—Moon system.
Using the tidal model it is found that at rotation rates higher than that of the present Earth, the power dissipated by the semi-diurnal tides in the ocean drops off rapidly as a result of the increased tidal frequency. Thus if the Earth's rotation rate is doubled from its present value, then the rate of energy dissipation in the ocean is reduced to approximately one-third of its present value and the tidal torque is reduced by a factor of about 6.
The present value for secular acceleration of the Moon, calculated from the results of the tidal model is -30.5 arcsec century-2 . Using this value in the astronomical model, which has the Moon and Sun in circular orbits above the equator, and assuming that the tidal torque is independent of the tidal frequency, the Gerstenkorn event is predicted to have occurred 1.3 × 109 yr ago.
When the astronomical model is run with a torque determined at all times from the tidal model, the reduction in the energy dissipated early in the history of the system, leads to a Gerstenkorn date of 5.3 × 109 yr ago. However, dissipation within the solid earth is found to be important early in the history of the system and when this effect is included it gives a date for the Gerstenkorn event of 3.9 × 109 yr ago. 相似文献
Using the tidal model it is found that at rotation rates higher than that of the present Earth, the power dissipated by the semi-diurnal tides in the ocean drops off rapidly as a result of the increased tidal frequency. Thus if the Earth's rotation rate is doubled from its present value, then the rate of energy dissipation in the ocean is reduced to approximately one-third of its present value and the tidal torque is reduced by a factor of about 6.
The present value for secular acceleration of the Moon, calculated from the results of the tidal model is -30.5 arcsec century
When the astronomical model is run with a torque determined at all times from the tidal model, the reduction in the energy dissipated early in the history of the system, leads to a Gerstenkorn date of 5.3 × 10
18.
长江口表层沉积物分布特征及动力响应 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
基于长江口2003 年2 月采集的58 个表层沉积物样品及以同步水动力资料的分析表明, 表层沉积物中值粒径自江阴-口外逐渐变细, 由江阴附近的217.8 μm 减少到南槽口外的12.1 μm; 浑浊带海域表层沉积物中值粒径北港最大, 平均为126.2 μm, 北槽其次, 平均为48.4 μm, 南槽最小, 平均为14.2 μm; 口外海域则北槽最大, 为22.4 μm, 北港其次, 为16.5 μm, 南槽最小, 为12.1 μm。沉积物分选性大多为中等-很差, 中值粒径越大, 分选系数越 小; 沉积物偏度大多是近对称-极正偏; 峭度表现为中等峭度-很窄尖。横沙以上区域表层 沉积物类型以砂为主, 口外海域沉积物类型以粘土质粉砂为主, 浑浊带海域表层沉积物类型复杂多样。长江口主槽表层沉积物中值粒径与落潮历时、Ve/Vf 值和余流值等动力参数呈正相 关关系, 落潮动力条件是决定长江口表层沉积物中值粒径大小的主要动力因素。 相似文献
19.
琼州海峡水沙输运特征研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
根据1995年2～3月在琼州海峡两岸12个站点的同步观测资料,本文集中分析研究了海峡的水沙输运特征。琼州海峡潮流作用活跃,流速平均在015～074ms-1(大潮)和012～051ms-1(小潮)之间。海峡悬沙浓度大小潮十分接近(分别为0028kgm-3、0026kgm-3),并具有明显的时间性和地域性。周日单宽悬沙输运量在30～11000kg之间。潮流和波浪产生的泥沙再悬浮对海峡含沙量有较大影响,潮流作用还造成底质沉积物的运动,海峡周日单宽推移质输运率最大可达16400kg。受潮波系统和地形地貌影响,海峡北岸输水、输沙方向以西向为主,南岸以东北、东南向为主,流速、余流、悬沙输运通量皆具有大潮强于小潮,北岸强于南岸的特点 相似文献
20.
Summary. Results are presented from five long seismic profiles in South Wales based on recordings of quarry blasts. Interpretation by means of planar layer modelling, time term analysis and ray tracing provides information on depths to an assumed Precambrian igneous/metamorphic basement and on the thickness of overlying concealed Lower Palaeozoic (? and Upper Proterozoic) sequences. Basement culminations are identified under the western part of the South Wales coalfield and in the Carmarthen Bay area; under parts of the coalfield the Lower Palaeozoic must be thin or absent. The basement is at a depth of 5 km or more under Cower and the Vale of Glamorgan and in adjacent parts of the Bristol Channel, and thick Lower Palaeozoic sequences must be present in these areas. The basement velocity of 6.0–6.3 km s−1 compares well with the low upper crustal velocities encountered along adjacent parts of the lithospheric seismic profile across Britain (LISPB 1974). 相似文献