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1.
Standing stocks and production rates of phytoplankton and planktonic copepods were investigated at 15 stations in the Inland Sea of Japan during four cruises in October–November 1979, January, April and June 1980. The overall mean of phytoplankton biomass was relatively constant during the study period, ranging from 2.3 mg chl.a m–3 in April to 3.6 mg chl.a m–3 in October–November. Primary production was low in January (mean: 90 mg C m–2 d–1), but higher than 375 mg C m–2 d–1 on the other occasions. Integrated annual primary production was 122 g C m–2 yr–1. In terms of carbon weight,Paracalanus parvus was the most important copepod species. The variation of the mean copepod biomass (range: 7.6 mg C m–3 in April to 20.2 mg C m–3 in June) was smaller than that of copepod production, which was estimated by the Ikeda-Motoda's physiological method. Copepod producion was low in cold seasons (0.6 and 0.9 mg C m–3 d–1 in January and April, respectively), and increased, following the elevation of primary production, to 4.9 mg C m–3 d–1 in June. Annual copepod production was 33.7 g C m–2 yr–1, of which herbivore (secondary) production was 26.4 g C m–2 yr–1 (21.7% of primary production). The ratios of pelagic planktivorous fish catch and total fish catch to the primary production were 0.82 and 1.8%, respectively, indicating very high efficiency in exploiting fishery resources in the Inland Sea of Japan.  相似文献   

2.
为了研究海洋生物污损对船体和海洋工程的影响,作者将热喷涂镀钴基、镍基及含铜氧化钛基膜的船用厚钢板试样片放置在海水中,利用振荡培养箱模拟海洋环境,进行晃片培养。分离纯化镀膜钢片表面上的细菌,研究早期污损细菌的生长规律,通过革兰氏染色、生理生化实验对细菌进行鉴定,伯杰氏系统细菌学手册查证。采用纸片法测定抑菌圈,研究铜、钴、镍3种金属离子对污损细菌的影响,观察不同离子浓度的抑菌圈。研究结果表明:早期海洋污损细菌有G~+芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、G~+芽孢乳杆菌属(Sporolactobacillus)、G~+无芽孢杆菌(Bacilli)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、G~+无芽孢丝状菌、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)6类;其中G~+细菌首先吸附; Cu~(2+)的最佳抑制质量浓度为30 g/L, Co~(2+)的最佳抑制质量浓度为80 g/L, Ni~(2+)的最佳抑制质量浓度为110 g/L。  相似文献   

3.
以多形拟绿球藻(Pseudochlorococcum polymorphum UTEX 1791)和模式拟绿球藻(Pseudochlorococcum typicum UTEX 1792)为材料,采用BG-11培养基,研究其在0.3、0.5、1.0和1.5g·L-1等4个硝酸钠浓度条件下的生长和总脂含量。结果表明：适宜多形拟绿球藻生长的硝酸钠浓度范围为0.3—1.0g·L-1,其最终生物质干重在3.7g·L-1左右;模式拟绿球藻在1.0g·L-1的硝酸钠浓度条件下生长最好,可获得4.35g·L-1的生物质干重。在培养过程中两株绿藻的叶绿素a含量与总脂的含量关系密切,在培养初期各实验组叶绿素a含量增加,藻体的总脂含量增长不明显,而在培养中期藻细胞叶绿素a的含量增长平缓,总脂含量增长较明显,其中在0.3g·L-1的硝酸钠浓度实验组总脂增长最为显著,多形拟绿球藻增长了11.65%,模式拟绿球藻增长了24.99%。两株绿藻在0.3g·L-1的低氮实验组总脂含量最高,多形拟绿球藻和模式拟绿球藻总脂分别为细胞干重的44.35%和26.28%,在此条件下两株藻的最大总脂收获量分别为0.98g·L-1和1.61g·L-1。  相似文献   

4.
Contents of90Sr,137Cs and60Co in surface sediments were investigated in and around Urazoko Bay, Fukui Prefecture, where a nuclear power plant has been operating since 1969 and the waste effluent has been released into the sea. The main source of90Sr and137Cs was recognized to be radioactive fallout, whereas60Co was considered to originate from the nuclear power plant. Using the137Cs concentration as an indicator of sorption capacity of the sediment, the behaviour of60Co was investigated. No seasonal variation was observed in the distribution pattern of60Co/137Cs ratio and the retention of the heavy initial discharge in 1969 was considered to dominate the radionuclide level in the sediment. Correlation of60Co/137Cs ratio in the sediment and the distance from the discharge outlet was expressed by a simple exponential function of the distance. It was suggested that the contamination is spreading out gradually to the outer region of Urazoko Bay.  相似文献   

5.
The study site located in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea was visited nine times in 2005–2006 to collect water samples from the epi- (5 m), meso- (200, 600 m), and bathypelagic (1000, 2000 m) zone. Total abundance of prokaryotes and viruses was determined by flow cytometry (FCM). Prokaryotic abundance in the epi-, meso-, and bathypelagic varied between 0.9 and 15.9×105, 0.6 and 2.1×105, and 0.3 and 1.3×105 ml−1, respectively. Variation of viral abundance in the epi-, meso-, and bathypelagic was between 1.2 and 57.5×106, 0.5 and 3.5×106, and 0.4 and 1.3×106 ml−1, respectively. The fraction of low (LNA) and high (HNA) nucleic acid prokaryotes averaged 42.9% and 57.1% throughout the water column and did not differ between depth layers. Throughout the water column the fraction of low, medium, and high fluorescent viruses (Vir-LF, Vir-MF, Vir-HF) averaged 66.3%, 30.2%, and 3.5%. Vir-LF and Vir-MF did not differ between depth layers; however, Vir-HF showed a preference for surface waters. The fraction of LNA cells decreased in the epi- and increased in the bathypelagic with decreasing stratification. The fraction of Vir-LF viruses increased in the epipelagic and decreased in the bathypelagic with increasing prokaryotic abundance. Also, the relationship between viral abundance and the bacterial community was different in surface and deep waters. The data suggest that different mechanisms of interaction between viruses and their prokaryotic hosts prevail at the surface and in deep waters.  相似文献   

6.
The activity concentrations of dissolved137Cs have been determined in the water column and137Cs and134Cs in the sediments and the sediment porewaters of the southern Baltic Sea. The mean activity concentration of dissolved137Cs in the Gdansk Deep declined from 109 Bq m−3in June 1986 to 61 Bq m−3in 1999. In sediments, the activity concentrations of137Cs (33-231 Bq kg−1) were highest in muds and the activity concentrations of134Cs were about 6% of the total Cs activity. The Chernobyl contribution to137Cs activity was between 43% and 77%. The porewater activity concentrations of137Cs in muddy sediments were in the range 71 to 3900 Bq m−3and were higher than those in the overlying seawater. The diffusive flux of dissolved137Cs from the muddy sediments was estimated in the range 5 to 480 Bq m−2year−1. The flux of137Cs from sediment porewaters of the southern Baltic Sea was about 45% of the total, including fluxes of137Cs from wet and dry atmospheric deposition and the fluvial inputs. The results were used to elucidate the rate of recovery of the sediments and the waters of the southern Baltic from Chernobyl-derived137Cs.  相似文献   

7.
氯离子和硫酸根离子是海水中重要的无机阴离子,在研究海洋生态变化、海洋循环作用过程与海洋全球气候变化等领域具有重要的指示意义。其测定方法较多,但缺少相应的测试方法。本文对测定海水中Cl-,SO42-的离子色谱方法进行了优化,选用IonPacAS14碳酸盐选择性离子色谱柱,以3.5 mmol/L Na2CO3+1 mmol/L NaHCO3为流动相,可消除海水样品中碳酸盐及其他阴离子的干扰。该方法对Cl-检出限为0.29 mg/L,线性相关系数r2=0.999 2,对SO42-检出限为0.42 mg/L,线性相关系数r2=0.997 9。样品的加标回收率在95%~102%,Cl-和SO42-的相对标准偏差分别为1.92%和4.18%。该方法简便、迅速、灵敏、准确度高,可满足批量海水样品中Cl-与SO42-的准确测试。  相似文献   

8.
田川  王树新  徐霄阳 《海洋科学》2015,39(1):110-115
利用在台湾海峡附近的下放式声学多普勒流速剖面仪(Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler,LADCP)观测资料和温盐观测资料,通过对连续站的两个季节观测进行正压和斜压潮流分析从而去除潮流得到准定常流,并在此基础上计算了南海和东海之间通过台湾海峡输运的水体及热盐通量。结果表明:台湾海峡大部分海域是半日潮海区(正规半日潮及不正规半日潮海区),半日潮主要分量为太阴半日分潮M2;台湾海峡的水体输运及热盐通量呈现明显的季节变化:夏季台湾海峡内表现为一支东北流向的海流,即台湾海峡暖流,存在3.3 Sv(1Sv=106 m3/s)的东北向水体输运,冬季东北季风较强,西南方向的海流加强,混合层可达到底部,存在1.8 Sv的东北向水体输运。与此对应的热盐通量分别为:夏季热通量为0.34×1015 W,盐通量为118.6×109 g/s;冬季热通量为0.14×1015 W,盐通量为72.9×109 g/s。该结果对台湾海峡通量的研究给出了一个直接观测的准确值,并为相关的数值研究提供了参考。  相似文献   

9.
We measured abundance and biomass of 3 major groups of microzooplankton, i.e. tintinnids, naked ciliates and copepod nauplii, at 21 stations in the Inland Sea of Japan in October 1993, January, April and June 1994. The average abundance of the microzooplankton over the entire Inland Sea of Japan ranged from 2.39×105 indiv. m–3 in January to 4.00×105 indiv. m–3 in April. Ciliated protozoans, i.e. tintinnids plus naked ciliates, numerically dominated the microzooplankton. The average biomass of the microzooplankton was exceedingly high in October (8.62 mg C m–3) compared to that in the other months (2.06, 2.79 and 2.68 mg C m–3 in January, April and June, respectively). The ciliated protozoans also dominated in terms of biomass except in October, when copepod nauplii were more important. Estimated production rate of the microzooplankton was highest in October (average: 6.02 mg C m–3d–1) and followed in order by June, April and January (1.94, 1.14 and 0.54 mg C m–3d–1, respectively). Due to higher specific growth rate, the production rate by the ciliated protozoans far exceeded that by the copepod nauplii. The trophic importance of the microzooplankton in the pelagic ecosystem of the Inland Sea of Japan was assessed by estimating carbon flow through the microzooplankton community.  相似文献   

10.
The biology, population dynamics, and production of Talorchestia brito were studied at two sandy beaches located on the Atlantic (Portugal) and on the Mediterranean (Tunisia) coasts, respectively. The seasonal variation in abundance and the overall densities were similar in both populations. Reproduction occurred from February to September in the Atlantic, and from March to early November in the Mediterranean. The sex ratio was male biased in the Atlantic, and female biased in the Mediterranean. Based on data from the Atlantic population, both abundance and the proportion of reproductive females were positively correlated with temperature, while the proportion of juveniles in the population was positively correlated with temperature and sediment moisture. On average, individuals from the Atlantic were larger than the ones from the Mediterranean. Life span was estimated at six to nine months in the Atlantic, and five to eight months in the Mediterranean. Talorchestia brito was shown to be a semiannual species, with iteroparous females producing two broods per year, and exhibited a bivoltine life cycle. The minimum age required for males' and females' sexual differentiation and for female sexual maturation was shorter in the Mediterranean. Growth production (P) was estimated at 0.19 g m−2 y−1 ash free dry weight (AFDW; 4.3 kJ m−2 y−1) in the Atlantic population, and 0.217 g m−2 y−1 AFDW (4.9 kJ m−2 y−1) in the Mediterranean one. Elimination production (E) was estimated at 0.35 g m−2 y−1 AFDW (7.9 kJ m−2 y−1) in the Atlantic, and 0.28 g m−2 y−1 AFDW (6.3 kJ m−2 y−1) in the Mediterranean. The average annual biomass ( ) (standing stock) was estimated at 0.032 g m−2 in the Atlantic beach, and 0.029 g m−2 in the Mediterranean one, resulting, respectively, in ratios of 5.9 and 7.5 and ratios of 10.8 and 9.6. Like other talitrids, T. brito exhibited geographic variation in morphometrical characteristics, sex ratio, growth rates, life span, and reproduction period, with the Atlantic population presenting a slower life history.  相似文献   

11.
A study was made of the 239Pu, 240Pu, 238Pu and 137Cs concentrations in tidal marsh sediments of the Savannah River estuary. Tidal marshes are identified as special locations for plutonium deposition because of the high biological productivity and relative stability of sediments as compared to channel sediments. The 239,240Pu deposition averaged 3·2 mCi km−2, which is higher than land-based fallout values of about 2 mCi km−2. The 239,240Pu to 137Cs ratio was about three times higher than fallout deposition estimates, indicating a more rapid desorption of 137Cs from sediment in the saline waters of the area.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

The water chemistry, flora, and fauna of Lake Rotokawa (38° 37.8’ S, 176° 11.2'E) was studied in 1975–76. The mean pH is 2.1 and thermal inflows may elevate the mean summer temperature of the surface waters 4.2°c above that of nearby cold water Lake Rotongaio (18.9°c). The temperature range of surface water was from 10.1 °c in winter to 23.1°c in summer. The major anions were SO4 2? 679 g.m?3, and Cl‐ 314 g.m?3. Mean concentrations of major cations were Na+ 224 g.m?3, K+ 28.9 g.m?3, Ca2+ 13.3 g.m?3, and Mg2+ 2.6 g.m?3.

Two species of flagellate algae were recorded, of which Euglena anabaena was predominant. Only two benthic macroinvertebrates were found, larvae of Chironomus zealandicus, mean density 253 per square metre, and Helobdella sp., 1.3 per square metre.

The Parariki Stream was influenced by thermal springs in its upper and lower reaches, being cooler (24–25°c) about halfway along its length than near its source (27.8–39.0°c) or confluence (26.5°‐28.0°c) with the Waikato River. In the cooler stretch of the stream where unidentified benthic algae were not limited by high temperature, chlorophyll and total pigment increased from 3.9 to 377.9 mg.m?3 and from 17.5 to 534.4 mg.m?3 respectively, and nutrient levels fell (NO3‐N, 22–10.5 mg.m?3; NH4‐N, 6440–230 mg.m?3; and PO4‐P, 51–19 mg.m?3).  相似文献   

13.
The contents of plutonium isotopes (239Pu and238Pu), thorium isotopes (232Th,230Th and228Th) and protactinium-231 in sea water collected in the North Pacific, the East China Sea and the Japan Sea were determined. These nuclides were sequentially analyzed byα-ray spectrometry after separating them mainly with solvent extraction technique. The contents of239Pu in surface sea water ranged from 0.6 to 1.6 pCi/10001,238Pu/239Pu activity ratios being 0.2～0.7. The228Th/232Th activity ratios for the North Pacific waters varied between 7.6 and 30, whereas the sample from the East China Sea showed the very high value, 65. The contents of231Pa are less than 6 percent of that in equilibrium with its parent235U. Furthermore, the analysis of plutonium isotopes in recent coral from Yoron Island was carried out and it was confirmed that plutonium isotopes have concentrated in recent coral with the concentration factor of about 1～2×103.  相似文献   

14.
L-DOPA对西施舌眼点幼虫附着变态诱导的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
采用试验水体中添加化学诱导物的方法研究L-DOPA(L-多巴)对西施舌(Coelomctraantiquata)眼点幼虫附着变态的诱导作用。结果表明,L-DOPA能诱导西施舌眼点幼虫变态,但对其附着的诱导效果不明显。用直径小于1 mm的细沙为附着基质,1×10-6mol/L的L-DOPA处理西施舌眼点幼虫12 h,变态率为73.3%,对照组为62.6%。浓度为1×10-7mol/L的L-DOPA处理西施舌幼虫12 h,生长速率为25.6%,对照组为14.7%,表明适当浓度的L-DOPA能促进西施舌幼虫的生长。在无沙附着的条件下,西施舌幼虫可正常附着变态,但生长速率较低且变态后死亡率高。  相似文献   

15.
An assessment of catch and effort in the Eastern Cape shore and skiboat linefisheries was undertaken between 1994 and 1996 by means of roving creel and access point surveys. Catch-and-effort data were obtained from direct observation of 3 273 shore-fishers, 172 recreational and 223 commercial skiboat outings. Total effort in the region was high at 903 186 fisher-days year?1 in the shore fishery and 64 266 and 24 357 fisher-days year?1 in the commercial and recreational skiboat sectors respectively. The fisheries are multispecies in nature. The shore fishery consisted of 66 species, the recreational skiboat fishery 44 species and the commercial skiboat fishery 48 species. Just 10 species accounted for 75, 83 and 90% of the catch of the shore, recreational and commercial skiboat fishery respectively. The average catch per unit effort (cpue) was low in all sectors, 1.15 kg fisher?1 day?1 in the shorefishery, 9.4 kg fisher?1 day?1 in the recreational skiboat fishery and 21.5 kg fisher?1 day?1 in the commercial skiboat fishery. Catch data showed that professional and club anglers are more successful fishers. Comparisons with historic records for Port Elizabeth revealed that the cpue in the shore fishery had declined markedly, whereas the total effort increase was negligible (0.1%). In addition, the species composition of the fishery has changed.  相似文献   

16.
本研究通过识别海洋气团特征及沿海城市大气受到海洋气团的影响方式与程度,为评价沿海城市空气环境质量提供科学依据。以青岛市为例,收集大气气溶胶样品中放射性核素~(210)Pb、40K数据及采集时段当地大气颗粒物数据;分析~(210)Pb活度浓度与气溶胶颗粒物浓度变化;对当地当时大气气团进行溯源分析。研究表明:(1)研究期间青岛沿岸地区2015年4月至2016年6月与2016年6月至2017年6月大气污染特征显著不同,前者~(210)Pb活度浓度与污染颗粒物浓度显著相关,而后者~(210)Pb活度浓度与污染颗粒物无相关关系;(2)穿越海洋的陆地气团呈现出高活度浓度、低颗粒物浓度的特征;来自海洋气团的气溶胶呈现出低活度浓度、低颗粒物浓度的特征;(3)海洋气团气溶胶中~(210)Pb活度浓度较低。临近大陆的海洋(黄海、东海)上层大气受到大陆气团的影响,其海洋气团的特征有所减弱。~(210)Pb活度浓度、颗粒物浓度(PM2.5)可作为判断海洋气团的指标,识别"来自海洋的气团"与"经过海洋的气团"。  相似文献   

17.
研究了深圳海域2008年4月、9月的水体弧菌数量、种类组成及其分布,探讨了弧菌总数及各优势类群的数量分布与环境因子间的相关关系。结果表明:弧菌总数分布具有季节性,东部海域春季(4月)的弧菌数量高于秋季(9月)的,其均值分别为1.50×104,8.89×102CFU/cm3;在西部海域秋季的略高于春季的,其均值分别为5.09×102,2.66×102CFU/cm3;弧菌数量最高值出现在大亚湾(4.40×104CFU/cm3)。弧菌的优势类群具有季节性分布特征:春季特有的优势类群有Vibrio gigantis类似种和V.splendidus类似种,秋季特有的优势类群有V.natriegens类似种;V.alginolyticus类似种是两个季节共有的优势类群,其数量春季高于秋季的。弧菌种类、数量与海水温度、盐度及细菌总数、Chl-a等环境因子有一定的相关性,其中盐度为弧菌种类及数量分布的主要影响因子。  相似文献   

18.
In this study, long-term, broad-scale zooplankton survey data were used to estimate the temporal and spatial distribution and abundance of gammarid amphipods present in the water column on Georges Bank. Delta-mean abundances computed from 10 years of data showed that gammarid amphipod abundances peaked in summer and again in fall. The amphipods were also most numerous in water less than 50 m deep. The statistical tests employed revealed no conclusive evidence for diurnal vertical migration. Interannual delta-mean abundances fluctuated approximately 5-fold between 1977 and 1986, ranging from 217 to 1181 amphipods 100 m−3. Peak amphipod biomass occurred in July and was estimated to be 2.8 kcal m−2. Using production-to-biomass ratios from the literature, mean annual production of amphipods in these samples was estimated to be between 1.6 and 9.8 kcal m−2. Production in shallow areas was especially high, 22 kcal m−2 year−1.  相似文献   

19.
In the coastal and estuarine waters of Goa, particulate organic carbon (POC) varied from 0.52 to 2.51 mg l?1 and from 0.28 to 5.24 mg l?1 and particulate phosphorus (PP) varied from 0.71 to 5.18 μg l?1 and from 0.78 to 20.34 μg l?1, respectively. The mean values of chlorophyll and primary productivity were 1.94 mg m?3 and 938.1 mg C m?2 day?1 in the coastal waters and 4.3 mg m?3 and 636.5 mg C m?1 day?1 in the estuarine waters, respectively.POCchl ratios were low in June and October even when POC values were quite high. The POC in surface waters was linearly correlated with the chlorophyll content. Also PP increased when chlorophyll and primary productivity remained high. The results suggest that the phytoplankton was sharply increasing and contributed to POC and PP content. The percentage of detritus calculated from the intercept values of chlorophyll on POC varied from 46 to 76% depending on season. Results indicate that the major portion of POC and PP during postmonsoon (October–January) is derived from phytoplankton production while the allochthonous matter predominate during monsoon (June–September).  相似文献   

20.
As a contribution to the EC-OMEX-II program, sediment carbon and nitrogen budgets are presented for the Iberian Margin (northeastern Atlantic). The budgets for degradable organic carbon and associated nitrogen were calculated from sediment and pore water properties, using a steady-state version of a numerical coupled diagenetic model, OMEXDIA. Data were collected throughout the major upwelling period along five transects, four of which were located on the open margin and one positioned in a major submarine canyon, the Nazaré Canyon.A comparison of in situ oxygen profiles measured with monocathodic microelectrodes and with Clark type microelectrodes showed that monocathodic electrodes overestimate the oxygen concentration gradient near the sediment–water interface. This artifact probably results from the loss in sensitivity of the monocathodic microelectrode during profiling. Shipboard time course measurements with Clark type electrodes demonstrated transient conditions upon sediment retrieval on deck and indicated enhanced rates of oxygen consumption in the surface sediment, presumably as a result of lysis or exudation of oxidisable substrates by infauna. As a result, oxygen fluxes calculated from shipboard oxygen profiles overestimated in situ fluxes by up to a factor of 5 for water depths >1000 m.The sediments from the canyon and from a depositional area on the shelf were enriched in organic carbon (3–4.5 wt%) relative to the open margin stations (0.5–2 wt%) and showed C/N ratios exceeding Redfield stoichiometry for marine organic matter, indicating there was deposition of organic carbon of terrestrial origin in these areas. The oxidation of organic carbon on the open margin declined from ˜11 gCm−2y−1 on the shelf to 2 gCm−2y−1 at 5000 m water depth, and was dominated by aerobic oxidation. The reactivity of the degradable organic carbon at the time of deposition was <2.5 y−1 on the shelf, and declined to <0.5 y−1 offshore. The burial of refractory organic carbon at the stations along the open margin transects also declined with increasing water depth from ˜5 gCm−2y−1 on the shelf to <1 gCm−2y−1 at 2000 m depth, whereas the burial of particulate inorganic carbon declined from ˜20 gCm−2y−1 to <5 gCm−2y−1. A comparison of the estimated total organic carbon deposition and predicted delivery for the shelf suggest that 58 to 165 gCm−2y−1 is oxidized in the water column, laterally advected, or focused into one of the canyons.Anaerobic oxidation, denitrification and, therefore, total oxidation of organic carbon was enhanced within the canyon relative to the open margin. Total organic carbon oxidation decreased with water depth from 22 gCm−2y−1 at the head of the canyon to 3 gCm−2y−1 over its fan. The reactivity of the organic carbon deposited in the canyon was lower than those of the shelf stations, suggesting that the canyon is being enriched in older, laterally advected organic matter. The burial of refractory organic carbon in sediments from the Nazaré Canyon was considerably higher than in the sediments from the open margin; it also decreased with depth from 20 gCm−2y−1 at 343 m to ˜2.5 gCm−2y−1 at 4298 m water depth. The burial of particulate inorganic carbon was slightly lower than that of refractory organic carbon.The burial of refractory organic carbon and the deposition of degradable organic carbon were both positively correlated with the sedimentation rates for the Iberian Margin, and indicated burial efficiencies were 0.6 to 48%. A single trend for burial efficiency versus sedimentation rate for both the canyon and the open margin indicates that the sedimentation rate was the master variable for the geographical distribution of organic carbon oxidation and carbon preservation on the NW Iberian Margin.  相似文献   

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