共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
K. A. Gorshkov I. A. Soustova D. A. Sergeev 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2007,43(6):785-793
On the basis of the perturbation theory developed previously by the authors for localized hydrodynamic vortices, the influence of a specified jet flow and of the structure of individual vortices on the stability of the Karman street is investigated. It is shown that, for a street of vortices with a power law of decrease in the azimuthal velocity, the jet flow suppresses instability only with respect to perturbations with wavelengths from a certain range determined by the parameters of the flow. At the same time, for streets formed from vortices with a Gaussian profile of the azimuthal velocity, even in the absence of a specified flow, there is a certain region of the street’s parameters in which the street is stable against perturbations of all scales. Thus, for the purposes of modeling quasi-two-dimensional flows in a stratified fluid by a sequence of localized vortices, which is discussed in this study, vortices with a Gaussian profile of the azimuthal velocity turn out to be preferable. The results of this study are consistent with numerous experiments on the structure of a quasi-two-dimensional wake behind a body in a stratified fluid at large Reynolds and Froude numbers. 相似文献
2.
O. A. Druzhinin V. V. Papko D. A. Sergeev Yu. I. Troitskaya 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2006,42(5):615-626
The far-wake flow past a sphere towed in a fluid with high Reynolds and Froude numbers and with a pycnocline-form salt-density stratification is studied in a laboratory experiment based on particle image velocimetry and in numerical and theoretical modeling. In the configuration under consideration, the axis of sphere towing is located under a pycnocline. Flow parameters, the profiles of density and average velocity, and the initial field of velocity fluctuation in numerical modeling are specified from the data of the laboratory experiment. The fields of fluid velocity at different times and the time dependences of integral parameters of wake flow, such as the average velocity at the axis and the transverse width of the flow, are obtained. The results of numerical modeling are in good qualitative and quantitative agreement with the data of the laboratory experiment. The results of the laboratory experiment and numerical modeling are compared to the predictions of a quasi-linear and quasi-two-dimensional theoretical model. The time evolution of both the average velocity at the axis and the transverse width of the wake is obtained with the model and is in good agreement with the experimental data. The results of numerical modeling also show that, under the effect of velocity fluctuation in the wake, internal waves whose spatial period is equal to the characteristic period of the wake’s vortex structure are excited efficiently in the pycnocline. 相似文献
3.
Peter R. Payne 《Ocean Engineering》1981,8(5):489-496
The skin friction of a two-dimensional planing flat plate is made up of two opposing components; a drag force from the flow aft of the stagnation line and an opposing thrust force from the jet flow. This paper is concerned only with the drag term and the wake velocity defect which it causes in the water behind the transom.It is concluded that the skin friction is less than would be expected from a flat plate at ambient static pressure (Dfo say) and is approximately equal to Dfo (1 ? CR), where CR is the normal force coefficient based on wetted area. The wake velocity decrement due to this drag is found to be significant, particularly for surface piercing propellers. 相似文献
4.
It was shown based on laboratory experiments in a Large Thermally Stratified Tank (LTST) at the Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences that a turbulent axisymmetric jet in a stratified fluid with a sharp density drop (a pycnocline) intensively generates internal waves. An axisymmetric oscillation mode, for which a sufficient condition of stability in the parallel flow approximation is met, served as their source. This paper studies the stability of a nonparallel flow (with self-similar velocity profiles) that simulates a jet flow in the lower part of the pycnocline with respect to the axisymmetric mode. The estimates of the axisymmetric mode near the pycnocline are in agreement with the experimental data. The signs of the self-oscillating mode of the jet were experimentally revealed and the possibility of self-oscillations was theoretically proved: it was shown that the flow in the pycnocline vicinity is absolutely unstable. 相似文献
5.
S. V. Shagalov V. P. Reutov G. V. Rybushkina 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2009,45(5):629-645
The mechanisms of the large-scale vortex structures formation in zonal jet flows (atmospheric blockings, cyclonic, and anticyclonic
vortices) is investigated. Nonlinear perturbations formed during the onset of barotropic instability of a long-wave mode in
weakly-dissipative and weakly supercritical jet flows with a symmetric velocity profile are considered in the β-plane approximation.
This analysis is performed within the framework of the asymptotic theory based on the concept of a nonlinear critical layer.
The equations describing the interaction of a wave with vorticity perturbations in a critical layer are derived. The regimes
of a quasi-stationary and nonstationary nonlinear critical layer are considered separately. Combined equations of evolution
covering the principle regimes of instability development are proposed. The existence of autowave-type structures characterized
by a balance between the energy receipt to the wave and its dissipation are obtained within the framework of a numerical simulation.
The dependence of the parameters of generated autowave structures on the shape of the zonal jet profile and the flow supercriticality
level is studied. 相似文献
6.
The submerged 3D turbulent jet flow behavior around a pile on a rigid bed and on a scoured bed was studied experimentally and numerically. ADV was used to obtain the jet velocity distributions and Realizable k–ε turbulence model was used for the prediction of flow field around a pile. The jet flow area was three-dimensional and thus numerical model was a three-dimensional model. The numerical results were used to predict the velocity close to the pile and bed shear stress on the bed. In general, the results indicated that the flow field was also in agreement with the findings of previous experiments in literature and the related principles in the subject area. The experimental results demonstrated that Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) measurements were almost identical with the Realizable k–ε turbulence model results for turbulence intensity I=10%. 相似文献
7.
Peter R. Payne 《Ocean Engineering》1981,8(5):541-545
The skin friction of a two-dimensional planing flat plate is made up of two opposing components; a drag force from the flow aft of the stagnation line and an opposing thrust force from the jet flow. This paper is concerned only with the drag term and the wake velocity defect which it causes in the water behind the transom.It is concluded that the skin friction is less than would be expected from a flat plate at ambient static pressure (Dfo say) and is approximately equal to Dfo (1 − CR), where CR is the normal force coefficient based on wetted area. The wake velocity decrement due to this drag is found to be significant, particularly for surface piercing propellers. 相似文献
8.
S. M. Churilov 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2010,46(2):159-168
In stably stratified media with a Prandtl number Pr ≫ 1, vertical scales of the density (ℓ) and horizontal velocity variation (L) are quite different, ℓ/L = O(Pr−1/2) ≪ 1, and this influences the flow stability. In particular, shear flows without inflection points on the velocity profile
are unstable even in an ideal incompressible fluid. The maximum instability growth rate for sufficiently small ℓ/L is of the same order as in homogeneous mixing layers, with mainly three-dimensional rather than two-dimensional oscillations
increasing in a wide range of parameters. This paper focuses on the three-dimensional instability of such flows. It is shown
that the spectrum of unstable oscillations is essentially anisotropic in the case of a relatively weak stratification when
the bulk Richardson number J ≤ O[(ℓ/L)3/2]. The results of the asymptotic analysis are illustrated by calculations for a model flow in a two-layer medium (ℓ = 0) as well as for flows with values of ℓ/L corresponding to a temperature or salinity stratification of the water. 相似文献
9.
A numerical study of the decay of an alongshore baroclinic jet (ABJ) formed by transient wind stress favorable for upwelling and downwelling is carried out. The study is based on the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) applied to a circular stratified basin with a constant depth. In the case of a fully developed upwelling (downwelling), the alongshore jet is subjected to baroclinic instability, and its decay is predominantly accompanied by selective formation of cyclonic (anticyclonic) mesoscale eddies. If the upwelling or downwelling is not fully developed, the necessary condition for the baroclinic instability of the ABJ in a basin with a constant depth is the presence of the β-effect. The β-effect causes separation of the ABJ from the shoreline in the eastern part of the basin and thereby stimulates baroclinic instability. As a result, mesoscale meanders and eddies can be generated in the eastern part of the basin only if the diameter of the basin D is large enough to satisfy the inequality D > $\sqrt {{{R_I f} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{R_I f} \beta }} \right. \kern-0em} \beta }} $ , where R I is the baroclinic Rossby radius, f is the Coriolis parameter, and β = df/dy. 相似文献
10.
Ponomarev V. M. Khapaev A. A. Yakushkin I. G. 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2008,44(1):45-52
An approximate theory is constructed to describe quasi-two-dimensional viscous incompressible flows. This theory takes into account a weak circulation in the vertical plane and the related divergence of the two-dimensional velocity field. The role of the nonlinear terms that are due to the interaction between the vortex and potential components of velocity and the possibility of taking into account the corresponding effects in the context of the concept of bottom friction are analyzed. It is shown that the nonlinear character of friction is a consequence of the three-dimensional character of flow, which results in the effective interaction of vortices with vertical and horizontal axes. An approximation of the effect of this interaction in quasi-two-dimensional equations is obtained with the use of the coefficient of nonlinear friction. The results based on this approximation are compared to the data of laboratory experiments on the excitation of a spatially periodic fluid flow. 相似文献
11.
A flat plate in pitching motion is considered as a fundamental source of locomotion in the general context of marine propulsion. The experimental as well as numerical investigation is carried out at a relatively small Reynold number of 2000 based on the plate length c and the inflow velocity U∞. The plate oscillates sinusoidally in pitch about its 1/3 − c axis and the peak to peak amplitude of motion is 20°. The reduced frequency of oscillation k = πfc/U∞ is considered as a key parameter and it may vary between 1 and 5. The underlying fluid-structure problem is numerically solved using a compact finite-differences Navier–Stokes solution procedure and the numerical solution is compared with Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements of the flow field around the pitching foil experimental device mounted in a water-channel. A good agreement is found between the numerical and experimental results and the threshold oscillation frequency beyond which the wake exhibits a reverse von Kármán street pattern is determined. Above threshold, the mean velocity in the wake exhibits jet-like profiles with velocity excess, which is generally considered as the footprint of thrust production. The forces exerted on the plate are extracted from the numerical simulation results and it is shown, that reliable predictions for possible thrust production can be inferred from a conventional experimental control volume analysis, only when besides the wake's mean flow the contributions from the velocity fluctuation and the pressure term are taken into account. 相似文献
12.
The flow patterns in the near wake of a cylinder (either circular or square in shape, D=25 mm) placed in the proximity of a fully developed turbulent boundary layer (thickness δ=0.4D) are investigated experimentally using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The effects of changing the gap height (S) between the cylinder bottom and the wall surface, over the gap ratio range S/D=0.1–1.0, have been investigated. The results show that both the ensemble-averaged and instantaneous flow fields are strongly dependent on S/D. The flow patterns for the two types of cylinders share many similarities with respect to the change in S/D, such as the reduced recirculation length and increased velocity fluctuation in the near wake with increasing S/D, as well as the trend of suppression of vortex shedding at small S/D and onset of vortex shedding at large S/D. However, developments of the shear layers, in terms of wake width, flow curvature, etc., are considerably different for these two types of cylinders. In general, the wake development and momentum exchange for the square cylinder are slower those for the circular cylinder at the same gap ratio. Correspondingly, it is shown that the periodic vortex shedding is delayed and weakened in the case of square cylinder, as compared to that of the circular cylinder at the same S/D. 相似文献
13.
The characteristics of the flow over the rudder’s pintle gap are investigated by using the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. The propeller and rudder models are scaled down to 1/28.5. Highly accelerated leakage outflows are separated at the discontinuities of the gap and generate strong cavitation at the suction side of the rudder. In the rudder and propeller configuration, the propeller wake sheet ahead of the gap entrance region starts to induce leakage flow over the lower pintle gaps of the suction side. The gap flow has a velocity magnitude as high as 0.4U0 in the high leakage flow condition, where the wake sheet locates over the gap entrance. The cross-flow of the propeller wake sheet interferes the gap entrance region and triggers gap cavitation. As the propeller wake sheet moves downstream and weakens, the gap flow velocity decreases over the gap entrance. 相似文献
14.
将仿生机器鱼的C-型转向机动划分为弯曲阶段、保持阶段和伸展阶段,首先基于计算流体力学（CFD）方法建立了鱼体与流体相互作用的耦合求解方法,其次通过二次开发FLUENT实现机器鱼在C-型转向机动过程中鱼体的大变形运动,最后数值计算了机器鱼在C-型转向机动过程中的运动性能、水动力性能和流场涡结构。计算结果表明：仿生机器鱼在弯曲阶段和保持阶段进行快速的转向;在伸展阶段,机器鱼的艏向角速度和侧向速度快速的减小至零值,而前进速度则快速的增加,在伸展阶段结束时获得一个较大的前进速度;在滑行阶段,仿生机器鱼以获得的纵向速度向前滑行,并且纵向速度缓慢的减小。机器鱼的C-型转向机动能够实现小范围内的大角度转向;在弯曲阶段和伸展阶段鱼体的快速弯曲和伸展运动各产生一个涡环,每个涡环产生一个射流,射流产生作用于机器鱼上的水动力和力矩。 相似文献
15.
V. G. Bondur Yu. V. Grebenyuk E. V. Ezhova V. I. Kazakov D. A. Sergeev I. A. Soustova Yu. I. Troitskaya 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2009,45(6):779-790
In a large test reservoir with artificial temperature stratification at the Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy
of Sciences, we have performed a major laboratory simulation of the nonstationary dynamics of buoyant turbulent jets generated
by wastewater flows from underwater collector diffusers. The interaction of buoyant jets with the pycnocline leads to an active
generation of internal waves. An analysis of the dependence of wave amplitude on the control parameter proportional to the
rate of liquid flow from the collector diffuser has indicated that this dependence is adequately described by a function that
is characteristic for the presence in the Hopf bifurcation system, which occurs for a soft actuation mode of self-oscillations
of the globally instable mode. To check the conditions for the actuation of the globally instable mode, we have performed
an auxiliary experiment in a small reservoir with a salt stratification formulated similar to the experiment in the big reservoir.
Using the particle image velocimetry (PIV) method, we have measured the velocity field in the buoyant jet and constructed
the profiles of transverse velocity in several sections. When the jet approaches the pycnocline, a counterflow is generated
at the edges. A stability analysis for the resulting profiles of flow velocities performed by the method of normal modes has
revealed that, for the jet portions with counterflow, the condition of absolute instability by the Briggs criterion for axisymmetric
jet oscillations is satisfied, which testifies to the fact that the globally instable mode is actuated. The estimates for
oscillation frequencies of the globally instable mode are well consistent quantitatively with the measured spectrum of jet
oscillations. 相似文献
16.
Ken Sasaki 《Journal of Oceanography》1971,27(4):137-141
The rotational instability of a thermally stratified, viscous, conducting, rotating fluid is investigated by means of linearized perturbation equations. It is assumed that the basic horizontal flow is vertically uniform and that the horizontal shear is confined in a thin layer. By solving a simplified boundary value problem as a model of rotational instability in the sea, we have shown that the vertical wave length of the neutral disturbance is of order 10 times as large as the laminar Ekman layer thickness, and that this scale is proportional to (L/N)1/3, whereL is the width of the shear layer andN is the Brunt-Vaisala frequency. 相似文献
17.
Flow characteristics of the hull wake behind a container ship model were investigated under different loading conditions (design and ballast loadings) by employing the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. Measurements were made at four transverse locations and two longitudinal planes for three Reynolds numbers (Re) (=U0Lpp/ν, where U0 is the freestream velocity, Lpp is the length between two perpendiculars of the ship model and ν is the kinematic viscosity) of 5.08×105, 7.60×105, and 1.01×106. It was observed that symmetric, large-scale, longitudinal counter-rotating vortices (with respect to centerline) of nearly the same strength were formed in the near wake. For the ballast-loading condition, the vortices appear at propeller plane below the propeller-boss. The vortex center exhibits a significant upward shift near the propeller-boss as the Reynolds number increase, and as the flow moves downstream. Under the design-loading condition, the vortices first appear at a further downstream location than that for the ballast-loading condition above the propeller-boss. This difference in the flow structure can significantly change the inflow conditions to the propeller blades, such as the streamwise mean velocity profiles and turbulence intensity distributions at the propeller plane. In particular, under the ballast-loading condition, asymmetric inflow may weaken the propulsion and cavitation performance of the marine propeller. 相似文献
18.
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - This paper investigates the stability of a jet flow with a piecewise linear velocity profile in a rotating stratified atmosphere. The linearized set of... 相似文献
19.
Understanding the flow field around horizontal axis marine current turbines is important if this new energy generation technology is to advance. The aim of this work is to identify and provide an understanding of the principal parameters that govern the downstream wake structure and its recovery to the free-stream velocity profile. This will allow large farms or arrays of devices to be installed whilst maximising device and array efficiency. Wake characteristics of small-scale mesh disk rotor simulators have been measured in a 21 m tilting flume at the University of Southampton. The results indicate that wake velocities are reduced in the near wake region (close behind the rotor disk) for increasing levels of disk thrust. Further downstream all normalised wake velocity values converge, enforcing that, as for wind turbines, far wake recovery is a function of the ambient flow turbulence. Varying the disk proximity to the water surface/bed introduces differential mass flow rates above and below the rotor disk that can cause the wake to persist much further downstream. Finally, the introduction of increased sea bed roughness whilst increasing the depth-averaged ambient turbulence actually decreases downstream wake velocities. Results presented demonstrate that there are a number of interdependent variables that affect the rate of wake recovery and will have a significant impact on the spacing of marine current turbines within an array. 相似文献
20.
导管桨的尾流不稳定性在其性能评价中非常重要,不但是其能否提供稳定推力的保证,而且也与螺旋桨的尾流噪声直接相关。为了改善导管桨的尾流,提高尾流稳定性,并优化导管桨的流场脉动,根据座头鲸鳍肢前缘结节的仿生原理,对导管桨叶片的导边进行改进,提出了两种仿生桨型,采用IDDES湍流模型对低进速系数下常规导管桨和仿生叶片导管桨进行数值模拟,探究叶片构型对导管桨性能和尾流不稳定性的影响。计算结果表明,前缘结节可以有效降低叶片受力波动的幅值和叶片所受合力的主频域峰值,具有较大结节的叶片对导管桨尾流有明显的优化作用,在尾流远场中扩大了流动稳定区,延后了尾流处涡破碎的发生,改善了能量谱密度的频域分布。进一步,大前缘结节叶片导管桨应用在低速工况下时,可以大量减少尾流泄涡区域的二次涡产生,这是由于前缘结节提升了相邻涡互感的强度,使得尾流更加稳定,而小结节叶片仿生桨型对导管桨尾流则无明显优化作用。研究方法和成果可为螺旋桨尤其是导管桨尾流不稳定性研究提供参考,不仅验证了前缘结节在导管桨叶片应用的合理性,而且揭示了其优化尾流稳定性的机理。 相似文献