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《海洋湖沼通报》2017,(2)
本文以海带(Saccharina japonica)配子体、配子体克隆及幼孢子体为实验材料,研究了不同发育时期的海带对草甘膦、草丁膦、氯霉素的敏感性,经SPSS软件计算出一定时间内3种选择试剂对不同发育时期海带的半致死剂量(LD50)。结果表明:海带配子体及配子体克隆对草甘膦和草丁膦极为敏感,对氯霉素较为敏感。4d时,草甘膦和草丁膦对海带配子体的LD50分别为8.19μg/mL和19.27μg/mL,对海带配子体克隆的LD50分别为73.69μg/mL和39.08μg/mL;而氯霉素对海带配子体及配子体克隆4天的LD50则高达742.00μg/mL和701.51μg/mL。海带幼孢子体仅对草甘膦极为敏感,4d的LD50为40.93μg/mL;对草丁膦和氯霉素较为敏感,4d的LD50分别为214.51μg/mL和907.86μg/mL。该结果说明草甘膦和草丁膦适合作为以海带配子体和配子体克隆为实验材料的基因工程选择试剂,草甘膦则更适合以海带幼孢子体为实验材料的基因工程选择试剂。 相似文献
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《海洋湖沼通报》2017,(5)
以日本三陆地区的裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida)配子体为实验材料,采用双因素完全交叉分组实验,研究了温度(18℃、21℃、24℃、27℃)、光照强度(50μE·m~(-1)·s~(-1)、80μE·m~(-1)·s~(-1)、110μE·m~(-1)·s~(-1)、140μE·m~(-1)·s~(-1))、培养方式(静置培养、磁力搅拌培养、充气悬浮培养)、接种密度(0.1g/L、0.2g/L、0.4g/L、0.6g/L、0.8g/L、1.0g/L)对裙带菜配子体生长的影响。结果显示,光强和温度等环境因素以及两者的交互作用对配子体生长有较大影响。21℃、50μE·m~(-1)·s~(-1)的条件组合是实验中配子体培养的最佳条件。在培养的第5d到第10d之间,裙带菜配子体克隆的细胞增长率最大,可在第10d对配子体进行继代培养,使其保持较高的增长率。培养方式和初始接种密度以及两者的交互作用对配子体生长有较大影响,初始接种密度为0.1~0.2g/L的充气培养条件是配子体培养的最佳条件组合。本实验得出,日本三陆裙带菜雌配子体克隆扩培的最适培养条件为:温度21℃、光强50μE·m~(-1)·s~(-1)、接种密度0.1~0.2g/L,充气悬浮培养。 相似文献
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为优化大黄鱼(Larimichthyscrocea)麻醉运输技术,提高保活率,以不同浓度MS-222麻醉剂对其运输存活率、呼吸代谢、鱼体生理生化指标的影响展开研究。结果显示:(1) 12 h模拟运输后,10mg/L麻醉组大黄鱼存活率显著高于其他实验组(P<0.05),30mg/L麻醉组积累死亡率已高于50%;(2)呼吸频率随麻醉剂浓度的升高显著降低(P<0.05),各组水体溶解氧含量随运输时长增加均呈下降趋势;(3) 10和20 mg/L麻醉组大黄鱼复苏率分别为89%±10%和63%±19%,且均显著高于30 mg/L麻醉组(P<0.05);(4)随麻醉剂浓度的升高,大黄鱼血清中皮质醇、谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶水平逐渐降低,其肌肉乳酸水平显著降低(P<0.05),其肌糖原水平显著升高(P<0.05)。结果表明:高浓度(30mg/L)MS-222处理会引起大黄鱼呼吸抑制,造成运输存活率下降,不适合应用于大黄鱼的保活运输;低浓度(10mg/L)MS-222处理可以达到降低鱼体拥挤胁迫、应激反应及呼吸代谢的效果,并可以有效降低大黄鱼死亡率,保活... 相似文献
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浒苔(Ulva prolifera)是构成黄海绿潮的优势种,通过构建浒苔稳定转化系统,可以为相关基因功能验证提供有力工具。本文以浒苔原生质体再生苗为材料,试验了对除草剂草丁膦和6种抗生素的敏感性,发现浒苔对氨苄青霉素、卡那霉素、硫酸链霉素、Zeocin 4种抗生素不敏感,对氯霉素、潮霉素较敏感,对除草剂草丁膦极为敏感,进一步统计得出草丁膦对浒苔的半致死剂量(LD50)和95%可信限,发现敏感性与光周期明显相关。上述结果为进一步筛选转化子、构建浒苔稳定转化系统打下了基础。 相似文献
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本文对裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida)配子体丰富培养的氮源进行了研究,结果发现裙带菜配子体能够有效利用氨态氮和硝态氮进行扩增,在30μmol/L氮离子浓度条件下,裙带菜配子体的日生长率能达到25%,可以满足配子体快速扩增的需要。裙带菜配子体在同时含有硝态氮和氨态氮的培养液中培养时,同时吸收两种氮源,并没有出现相互抑制的现象;配子体对氨态氮的吸收速率略大于硝态氮的吸收;对裙带菜配子体的氮吸收速率进行了测定,吸收速率最高分别可达24.3μmol/(g·h)和20.73μmol/(g·h),吸收速率随着氮浓度的增加而升高。 相似文献
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三唑磷对泥蚶急性毒性及血清SOD,CAT酶活性的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
三唑磷对泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)的48h LC50为21．0mg／L,96h LC50为10．2mg／L,依此设计三唑磷对泥蚶的胁迫质量浓度(1．1,2．2,4．4,22mg／L),分别于胁迫后第0．5,1,2,4,8天及解除胁迫后第4天采样,研究三唑磷胁迫后泥蚶血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化情况。结果表明,随三唑磷胁迫浓度和时间的不同,泥蚶血清蛋白质质量浓度无显著性差异;在0.5,1d时各处理组的SOD无显著影响,从第2天起,SOD活性显著下降,48h的LC50为3．62mg／L;CAT的活性在第1天显著升高,而后逐渐降低。三唑磷胁迫下,SOD,CAT活性呈现一定的剂量效应与时间效应。胁迫解除后,蛋白质、SOD和CAT均得到不同程度的恢复,表明泥蚶具有一定的生理调节机能。 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献