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近岸沉积物对~(90)Sr(~(85)Sr),~(137)CS,~(60)CO及~(106)Ru的吸附性能 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文应用同位素示踪和γ能谱分析方法,就近岸沉积物对放射性同位素~(90)Sr((~85)Sr),~(137)Cs,~60Co及~(106)Ru的吸附性能进行了研究。对同种类型的沉积物,吸附分配系数Kd值的变化顺序大致为~(137)Cs>~(60)Co>~(106)Ru>~(90)Sr;对同种放射性同位素,吸附分配系数Kd值与沉积物的粒度系数(Mdφ)存在正相关关系;在低活度示踪条件下,Kd值不变。实验结果与相应海区的实际调查结果相符,沿岸核企业在设计排污方案时,亦应考虑沉积物对放射性同位素的吸附及其污染影响。 相似文献
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<正>"13146-K,目标350米。感应雷达自动关闭。"领航员3号报告。"13146-J,目标350米。感应雷达自动关闭。"领航员3号继续报告,十分轻松。"1313 9-I,目标3 5 0米。感应雷达自动关闭。"领航员5号报告,揉揉疲惫的眼睛,继续跟踪下一个目标讯息。面前的显示屏上,代表13139-g的亮点却一动不动。"13139-g,13139-g,13139-g?"领航员5号睁大眼睛,连声呼唤,不断按动鼠标,那亮点却像粘牢在屏幕中了一样,领航员5号拍打键盘。显示屏一分为二,出现13139-g的视野,画面来自13139-g携带的水下摄影仪。视野中尽是混浊黑暗近乎 相似文献
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本文应用同位素示踪和γ能谱测定方法,就海水对近岸沉积物中放射性同位素~(90)Sr(~(85)Sr)、~(137)Cs、~(60)Co及~(106)Ru的解吸性能进行了初步研究。海水对沉积物中四种同位素解吸性能的变化顺序为~(90)Sr(~(85)Sr)>~(106)Ru>~(60)Co>~(137)Cs,沉积物吸附的~(90)Sr(~(85)Sr)易被海水解吸,而~(137)Cs和~(60)Co则易被沉积物吸附固定。 相似文献
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本工作使用一次培养法初步研究了Cr(VI)对菱形硅藻和隐藻的毒性,实验结果表明,当Cr(VI)浓度大于16ppb时,则对其生长率产生抑制作用,其72小时EC_(50)值分别为260ppb和230ppb.根据活性点位模式计算了Cr(VI)与藻体的结合常数,约为2×10~5藻体中Cr含量与培养液中Cr浓度有关,两者近似指数关系,根据藻体中Cr含量和溶液中Cr的浓度,估计每个硅藻细胞与Cr最大结合容量约为5×10~(-17)mol/cell. 相似文献
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鱼类摄取的蛋白质,首先用于维持体重,其次才用于增加体重。只用体重增加量表示的是蛋白质效率,把维持体重也同时考虑在內的 相似文献
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对2018年1月在广东环雷州半岛近海海域采集的海底表层沉积物、鲬鱼(Platycephalus indicus)进行汞含量的测定,分析比较了鲬鱼不同部位汞含量的差异,并采用单因子污染指数法对沉积物和鲬鱼的汞污染状况进行了风险评价。结果表明,环雷州半岛海域表层沉积物中汞含量范围为0.005×10-6～0.359×10-6,平均值为0.081×10-6,雷州半岛东部海域表层沉积物汞含量高于南部和西部海域。鲬鱼的鳃中汞含量范围为0.032×10-6～0.034×10-6,平均值为0.033×10-6;肌肉中的汞含量范围为0.065×10-6～0.080×10-6,平均值为0.073×10-6;肝脏中的汞含量范围为0.228×10-6～0.270×10-6,平均值为0.249×10-6。鲬鱼样品的汞含量都呈现出肝脏＞肌肉＞鳃。单因子污染指数评价结果显示,雷州半岛海域鲬鱼受到汞的轻微污染,雷州半岛东部海域表层沉积物存在汞污染生态风险,而其南部、西部海域尚未受到汞污染的威胁。 相似文献
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Macoma inquinata, a detritus feeding clam, was exposed for 60 days to coarse-grained, and Abarenicola pacifica, a burrowing polychaete, to fine-grained, sediment. Each sediment contained 14-C-labelled phenanthrene, chrysene or benzo(a)pyrene. Over 70% of the chrysene and benzo(a)pyrene, but only 8% of the phenanthrene, remained in the coarse sediment during the exposure. Essentially all of the chrysene and benzo(a)pyrene and 70% of the phenanthrene remained in the fine sediment. The concentrations of chrysene and benzo(a)pyrene in the clams rose steadily, reaching levels 11·6 and 5·2 times as high as those in the sediment. The tissue phenanthrene concentration rose for 3 days, then fell to one-eighth of the initial concentration. The concentrations of each of the aromatic hydrocarbons in Abarenicola tissue increased for 2 weeks to four to six times the sediment levels. The tissue concentration of chrysene remained constant thereafter, but the levels of phenanthrene and benzo(a)pyrene fell to three-quarters of their peak values. No intermediate degradation products of any of the hydrocarbons were identified in extracts of sediment from either exposure system, or in solvent extracts of tissue or of tissue digestates.Significant 14C-activity, associated with non-solvent extractable compounds, remained in tissue digestates of individuals of both species exposed to phenanthrene. 相似文献
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多肽菌素作为一类具有抗菌活性的生物短肽,是一种可以替代抗生素的生物肽。为了推广多肽菌素在水产养殖中的应用,本研究以长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)人工育苗为基础,以添加2×10_(–6) mol/L青霉素钠为对照组,以添加5个不同浓度(2×10_(–6)、4×10_(–6)、6×10_(–6)、8×10_(–6)、10×10_(–6) mol/L)多肽菌素为实验组,研究多肽菌素在长牡蛎人工育苗生产中的应用。结果显示:(1)在长牡蛎种贝培育方面,培育前8天各组差异不显著(P 0.05),培育后期添加6×10_(–6) mol/L多肽菌素组存活率均最高,对照组最低,且培育至32天时该实验组均显著高于其他组(P0.05)。(2)在长牡蛎幼虫培育方面,幼虫壳高日增长量在添加6×10_(–6) mol/L多肽菌素组中最大,为11.57μm/d,而对照组仅为9.61μm/d;幼虫存活率方面对照组始终最低,而添加6×10_(–6) mol/L与8×10_(–6) mol/L多肽菌素组均保持较高存活率,显著高于对照组(P 0.05)。(3)在长牡蛎幼虫附着变态方面,添加6×10_(–6) mol/L多肽菌素组附着率最高、附着时间最短,且均与对照组差异显著(P0.05)。(4)在长牡蛎稚贝培育方面,稚贝壳长日增长量实验组均高于对照组,且随添加浓度的上升,日增长量也随之增加;稚贝存活率在添加6×10_(–6) mol/L多肽菌素组达到最高,与对照组差异显著(P0.05)。结果表明,使用多肽菌素与使用青霉素钠相比,多肽菌素显著提高了整个牡蛎培育过程中的存活率、生长速度、及附着变态率,这也为多肽菌素在贝类育苗生产中的推广提供了基础依据。 相似文献
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利用本实验室首创的双特异分子探针技术对胶州湾常见的3种硅藻-旋链角毛藻(Chaeto-ceros curvisetus Cleve)、尖刺拟菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia pungens(Grunowex Cleve)Halse)和中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum(Greville)Cleve)进行定性与定量分析。结果表明,无论是对实验室样品还是自然样品进行检测,本技术均有较好的适用性,对3种目标藻的最低检测细胞数分别为4.2×104、9.4×103和6.0×104个细胞。统计分析表明,双特异分子探针技术对3种目标藻的分析结果与经典的显微镜镜检结果没有显著性差异。本技术利用了多孔酶标板进行检测,整个实验过程约7h,可在较短时间内分析大量样品中的多种微藻,为同时监测多种赤潮藻开辟了一条新途径。 相似文献
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本文研究探索了一种快速简单易行的海洋防污剂室内评价筛选方法。将待测防污剂均匀分散于凝胶溶液中,然后均匀涂布到一定面积的玻璃板上,固化得到含防污剂凝胶测试板,将其置于接种有三种分离自舟山以东海域的优势海洋菌种(编号为Y-16,W-1和F-6)的人工加富海水中,连续培养24h后显微镜下可发现凝胶板表面上细菌菌落,将凝胶板表面细菌淋洗、定容,测定其光密度(optical density,OD)值,计算平均抑菌率,得到吡啶硫酮锌(ZPT)为38.87%,吡啶硫酮铜(CPT)为41.24%,三甲基氧化锡(TBTO)为65.19%,N,N-二甲基-3,4-二氯苄胺(DCDMA)为30.88%,敌草隆(Diuron)仅为15.29%,抑菌性大小为TBTOCPTZPTDCDMADiuron。实验结果表明5种受试防污剂的抑菌性大小为TBTOCPTZPTDCDMADiuron。采用绘制OD-t生长曲线法,分别得到5种防污剂对3种海洋细菌的最小抑制浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC),TBTO对三种菌的MIC均为0.5×10–3mg/mL;CPT对W-1和F-6的MIC为0.97×10–3mg/mL,对Y-16的MIC为1.93×10–3mg/mL;ZPT对W-1和Y-16的MIC为1.91×10–3mg/mL,对F-6的MIC为0.96×10–3mg/mL;DCDMA对W-1和F-6的MIC为8.46×10–3mg/mL,对Y-16的MIC为×10–342.29mg/mL。其中,Diuron对细菌的生长几乎没有抑制作用。其抑菌性与室内短期挂板结果具有一致性,表明经OD-t生长曲线得到的MIC可作为溶剂可溶型防污剂评价的辅助方法。另外,将本文中室内短期挂板方法应用于不同粒径的氧化亚铜的防污评价,也取得了与文献一致的结果。 相似文献
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L-DOPA对西施舌眼点幼虫附着变态诱导的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用试验水体中添加化学诱导物的方法研究L-DOPA(L-多巴)对西施舌(Coelomctraantiquata)眼点幼虫附着变态的诱导作用。结果表明,L-DOPA能诱导西施舌眼点幼虫变态,但对其附着的诱导效果不明显。用直径小于1 mm的细沙为附着基质,1×10-6mol/L的L-DOPA处理西施舌眼点幼虫12 h,变态率为73.3%,对照组为62.6%。浓度为1×10-7mol/L的L-DOPA处理西施舌幼虫12 h,生长速率为25.6%,对照组为14.7%,表明适当浓度的L-DOPA能促进西施舌幼虫的生长。在无沙附着的条件下,西施舌幼虫可正常附着变态,但生长速率较低且变态后死亡率高。 相似文献
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胶州湾微微型浮游植物丰度及其与环境因子的相关性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用流式细胞仪对胶州湾微微型浮游植物4个季节的丰度分布进行了研究,并分析了微微型浮游植物与环境因子的相关性。结果表明,聚球藻的丰度在2.17×102—2.329×104个/ml之间,高值区主要分布在湾内西部和湾口海域;仅夏季、冬季丰度之间有显著性差异;夏季在垂直分布上差异显著,在B3、C4、D5连续站昼夜变化趋势基本一致,分别在13:00和3:00出现峰值。微微型真核浮游植物的丰度分布在1.028×103—8.651×104个/ml之间,主要活跃于湾内西部海域;四季丰度在垂直分布上差异不显著;春、夏季丰度明显高于秋、冬季;夏季连续站昼夜变化趋势与聚球藻基本一致。通过主成分分析表明,聚球藻和微微型真核浮游植物丰度在不同季节受不同环境因子的影响,在冬季与温度有关,温度升高,二者的丰度增高。在其它季节,二者丰度主要受营养盐等环境因子的影响。 相似文献
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Stress proteins (heat shock proteins, hsps) form part of the cellular protein repair system, and are induced by a wide variety of Stressors. To determine their suitability as tools for assessing sublethal sediment toxicity, we measured levels of members of the stress protein families hsp60 and hsp70 in benthic estuarine amphipods (Ampelisca abdita) exposed to sediments from 23 different sampling sites in San Francisco Bay for 10 d. Concentrations of sediment-associated xenobiotics were determined. Per cent survival was recorded and surviving animals were analysed for stress proteins using western blotting techniques. An inverse correlation (r2 = 0.44) was seen between amphipod survival and hsp64 levels, and hsp64 levels were positively correlated with concentrations of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (r2 = 0.5). Principal component analysis revealed that amphipod mortality was linked to a combination of several PAHs (phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)pyrene) and di-n-butylphthalate at southern San Francisco Bay sites. At northern San Francisco Bay sites, negative correlations were found between hsp64 levels and organotin compounds (MBT, DBT, TBT), and between hsp71 levels and the PAHs, benzo (b,k)fluoranthene and benzo(G,H,I)perylene, suggesting an inhibitory effect of these compounds on stress protein expression. 相似文献
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Impacts of CO2-driven seawater acidification on survival, egg production rate and hatching success of four marine copepods 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ecological experiments were conducted to examine the effects of seawater containing elevated par- tial pressure of carbon dioxide (p CO2 800 × 10 -6 , 2 000 × 10 -6 , 5 000 × 10 -6 and 10 000 × 10 -6 ) on the survival and reproduction of female Acartia pacifica, Acartia spinicauda, Calanus sinicus and Centropages tenuiremis, which are the dominant copepods in the southern coastal waters of China. The results show that the effects of elevated p CO2 on the survival rates of copepods were species-specific. C. sinicus, which was a macro-copepod, had a higher survival rate (62.01%-71.96%) than the other three species (5.00%-26.67%) during the eight day exposure. The egg production rates of C. sinicus, A. spinicauda and C. tenuiremis were significantly inhibited by the increased p CO2 and the exposure time duration. There were significantly negative impacts on the egg hatching success of A. spinicauda and C. tenuiremis in the p CO2 2 000 × 10 -6 and 10 000 × 10 -6 groups, and, in addition, the exposure time had noticeably impacts on these rates too. This study indicates that the reproductive performances of copepods were sensitive to elevated p CO2 , and that the response of different copepod species to acidified seawater was different. Furthermore, the synergistic effects of seawater acidification and climate change or other pollutant stresses on organisms should be given more attention. 相似文献
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夏季南黄海主要环境因子对微微型浮游生物分布影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用流式细胞技术, 获取南黄海夏季微微型浮游生物丰度数据, 分析了其组成和分布规律, 并探讨了主要的影响因子。2011年夏季, 聚球藻、微微型真核藻、异养细菌在整个调查海区的平均丰度分别在1×104、1×103、1×106 cells/mL数量级上。在全调查海区, 聚球藻和微微型真核藻受温度和光照的限制明显, 主要集中分布在温跃层及其以上水层;而营养盐的限制较小, 它们的影响只有在沿岸流影响明显的西部海区才能较为明显的体现出来。结果表明在该海域浓度较高的营养盐能够促进微微型浮游生物的生长, 但不是其限制因素;异养细菌受环境因子限制较小, 即使在深海也保持着较高的丰度。 相似文献