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常规的油气化探方法一般是应用烷烃类作为油气勘探的基本指标,但是烷烃类易受人类活动和生物活动的干扰,使常规的化探技术在油气勘探中一直受到限制。人们开始考虑采用直接的生物标记化合物来预测油气藏,如芳烃系列中的苯系化合物苯(benzene)、甲苯(toluene)、乙苯(ethylbenzene)、二甲苯(xylem),简称BTEX。国内外研究表明,BTEX基本不受人类活动和生物活动的干扰,对油气藏具有良好的指示作用。依据南海某区的实测资料,采用自主研发的油气化探可视化评价软件进行数据处理,剥离背景异常,圈出有效的BTEX异常,并与靶区地层剖面进行了对比,结果证实了BTEX对海域油气藏具有良好的指示作用。 相似文献
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SUN Peiyan BAO Mutai GAO Zhenhui LI Mei ZHAO Yuhui WANG Xinping ZHOU Qing WANG Xiulin 《海洋学报(英文版)》2006,25(5):55-62
1 IntroductionWith the development of industry, more andmore petroleum energy sources are needed. The ex-ploitation of, especially benthal, develops quickly.The spilled oil accidents occur inevitably during oilexploitation and transportation. For example, in theBohai Sea, there are more than 1 000 oil wells andthe spilled oil accidents occur almost every year. Allkinds of dissension arose since the accidents couldnot be dealt with effectively in time. The key stepwhich affects the accidents … 相似文献
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渤海海域的上第三系油气研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
综述了渤海湾盆地沉积与构造活动在时间与空间上的迁移与演化、烃源岩与储盖层的空间分布规律，结合盆地内的勘探现状分析了渤海湾海域上第三系的油气远景。认为盆地内凸起、低凸起以上第三系为主体，伴有东营组和前第三系油气藏的复式油气聚集带是目前渤海油气勘探最现实的有利目标。 相似文献
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渤中A区位于渤海海域的渤南低凸起北部斜坡带,前期勘探重点为潜山与古近系,而新近系的含油气性日益引起重视.从油气输导体系研究入手,明确了断层垂向输导油气是新近系成藏的关键,通过断层样式、断层活动性的分析,认为背形负花状构造及断层活动差异共同控制新近系差异成藏,并指示构造脊部位是油气优势的运移方向.另外,利用分形几何学原理,对研究区断层分形特征进行研究,构造脊部位断层分形分维数值较高,表明构造脊部位油气运移效率较高,佐证了常规方法的论断且对断层输导体系进行半定量-定量的评价.近期钻井在构造脊部位的新近系有良好发现,证实了断层输导分析的正确性. 相似文献
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The Yuqi block is an important area for oil and gas exploration in the northern Akekule uplift, Tarim Basin, northwestern China. The Upper Triassic Halahatang Formation (T3h) within the Yuqi block can be subdivided into a lowstand system tract (LST), a transgressive system tract (TST), and a highstand system tract (HST), based on a study of initial and maximum flood surfaces. Oil in the lowstand system tract of the Halahatang Formation is characterized by medium to lightweight (0.8075 g/cm3–0.9258 g/cm3), low sulfur content (0.41%–1.4%), and high paraffin content (9.65%–10.25%). The distribution of oil and gas is principally controlled by low-amplitude anticlines and faults. Based on studies of fluorescence thin sections and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions, reservoirs in the T3h were formed in at least two stages of hydrocarbon charge and accumulation. During the first stage (Jurassic–Cretaceous) both the structural traps and hydrocarbon reservoirs were initiated; during the second stage (Cenozoic) the structural traps were finally formed and the reservoirs were structurally modified. The reservoir-forming mechanism involved external hydrocarbon sources (i.e. younger reservoirs with oil and gas sourced from old rocks), two directions (vertical and lateral) of expulsion, and multi-stage accumulation. This model provides a theoretical fundament for future oil and gas exploration in the Tarim Basin and other similar basins in northwestern China. 相似文献
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南海北部陆缘盆地与坎坡斯盆地 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
我国南海是西太平洋最大的边缘海,其北部陆缘盆地深水区位于琼东南与珠江口盆地南侧.通过对该地区烃源条件、储层条件、圈闭条件及成藏模式等的初步研究,认为其具有良好的石油地质条件,有效勘探面积和勘探潜力巨大,具有良好的勘探前景.坎坡斯盆地位于巴西大西洋大陆边缘,是一个中生代到古新近纪含油气盆地,其内部的Garoupa, Carapeba, Namorado, Roncador, Marlim等深水油田的地质储量十分丰富,随着各个油田开发的深入,对该地区的深水含油气系统有了更加清晰的了解.本文通过两个地区在构造演化,烃源条件,储层条件,圈闭条件以及成藏模式的对比研究,对南海北部陆缘盆地深水区有了进一步的认识. 相似文献
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The identification of reservoir oil–gas–water layers is a fundamental task in petroleum exploration and exploitation, but is difficult, especially in cases of complex hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. In such cases, hydrocarbon remigration and dysmigration take place very commonly, leading to the presence of residual or paleo-oil accumulations and layers, which cannot be easily identified or misinterpreted as oil layers by conventional logging and geophysical data. In this paper, based on a case study in the Luxi area of the central Junggar Basin, NW China, we seek to characterize such layers in terms of organic geochemistry. We suggest specific indicator parameters of organic geochemistry such as the chloroform bitumen content of reservoir extracts, which is usually >1.0% in oil layers. We explore the application of grains containing oil inclusions (GOI) (the ratio of mineral grains containing oil inclusions to the total number of mineral grains) for the identification of oil–gas–water layers in the Junggar Basin for the first time; this method has been used elsewhere. The maximum GOI values for the oil layers, oil–water layers, water layers and dry layers are >11%, 7%–11%, 6%–7% and <6%, respectively. In addition, gas layers and heavy-oil layers that are difficult to identify by conventional organic geochemical parameters were identified using biomarkers. The typical characteristics of the soluble reservoir bitumen in the gas layers include a much greater abundance of tricyclic terpanes (two times in general) relative to pentacyclic terpanes and a tricyclic terpane distribution of C20 > C21 > C23. In contrast, the typical characteristic of the heavy-oil layers is the presence of 25-norhopanes in reservoir bitumen extracts. These specific indicators can be applied in the Junggar Basin and in similar settings elsewhere. 相似文献
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平湖油气田主力含油气区位于平湖主断裂以东区域,油源主要来源于东部生烃凹陷的半封闭海湾暗色泥岩和煤层.公司于2011年11月在主断裂西部钻了一口探井XY井,目的是为探测主断裂西部含油气情况,扩大油气储量.结果钻遇油气层12m,测试获日产气14.66×104m3,日产油107.8 m3,取得了一定突破.为进一步评价西部含油气规模,钻后进行了油源对比研究,认为西部的油气主要是东部运移聚集的结果,西部源岩也有一定贡献.西部有形成一定规模油气藏的潜力. 相似文献
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生烃是地层有机质生成油气的化学平衡。由于油气的密度低于干酪根,它是典型的体积增大化学反应。与实验室开放系统不同,地层有机质生烃反应能等于活化能加排烃能。成熟阶段的地层比较致密,排烃能较大,与开放系统相比,形成了欠生烃。构造运动形成裂隙网,大大降低地层排烃能,使欠生烃的有机质短时间集中生烃,笔者称之为构造生烃。成熟地层通常较致密,排烃能较高,较多欠生烃有机质成为页岩气的物质基础。致密地层在过成熟条件下还有大量欠生烃有机质。经典生烃理论认为Ro大于2.0就基本不生烃,而许多Ro达到3.0,个别甚至4.0的页岩气发现,证明欠生烃的存在。分子越小,排烃能越低,相对致密地层生气的反应能通常最低,更多的有机质形成了页岩气,页岩气资源潜力巨大。页岩气的开采速度比地层自然排烃速度高出多个数量级,天然气排出最快的,最有利于生成天然气的化学平衡。勘探开发实践表明页岩含气量与其TOC成正比,笔者认为这正好预示着页岩中存在游离气、吸附气和有机质的化学平衡。游离气压降低,吸附气就会解吸附;吸附气解吸附,有机质就会生烃。有些过成熟岩石存在未—低成熟度Tmax值。这样低的Tmax值预示着,有机质能够在地层被压裂后随着排烃能的降低而满足反应条件,而成为潜在资源。页岩气的开采与普通气层相比更复杂、更漫长、更巨大。 相似文献
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油气盆地内潜在的油气地质资源量（烃聚集量）一直是油气资源定量评价工作的关键。通过综合研究发现，传统的正演计算虽可解决生烃潜力问题，却难于解决烃的排聚系数这个难题，而以统计分析为基础的反演预测法唱避开了烃的排聚系数的求取问题，却又未能回答盆地内的生烃潜力这一基本问题。本文通过许多实际资料并结合勘探实例的研究，提出在具有一定勘探程序的地区，利用正反演结合进行综合预测，既可解决生烃潜能及烃的排聚系数的问 相似文献
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黄河口凹陷是渤海湾盆地的富烃凹陷之一,近几年勘探发现原油超过2×108m3,天然气超过100×108m3,成果显著。但成功的背后,仍存在众多疑问：地质条件良好的构造上竟然钻了干井,同一个油源的相似构造,钻井结果有的以油层为主,而有的井含气层位多;同一深度段的油层,在不同井中原油密度却存在较大差异。为解决这些疑问,笔者运用差异聚集原理,首先对黄河口凹陷渤中28-2E空圈闭的形成原因进行了分析,建立了本区油气运移的模式。在此模式的指导下对渤中29-4构造开展了评价,准确预测了该构造含油气区域的分布范围,结果证明黄河口凹陷的油气运聚符合差异聚集原理。该原理能够很好的指导本区下一步的勘探,可以取得很好的经济效益。 相似文献
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The quality of source rocks plays an important role in the distribution of tight and conventional oil and gas resources. Despite voluminous studies on source rock hydrocarbon generation, expulsion and overpressure, a quality grading system based on hydrocarbon expulsion capacity is yet to be explored. Such a grading system is expected to be instrumental for tight oil and gas exploration and sweet spot prediction. This study tackles the problem by examining Late Cretaceous, lacustrine source rocks of the Qingshankou 1 Member in the southern Songliao Basin, China. By evaluating generated and residual hydrocarbon amounts of the source rock, the extent of hydrocarbon expulsion is modelled through a mass balance method. The overpressure is estimated using Petromod software. Through correlation between the hydrocarbon expulsion and source rock evaluation parameters [total organic carbon (TOC), kerogen type, vitrinite reflectance (Ro) and overpressure], three classes of high-quality, effective and ineffective source rocks are established. High-quality class contains TOC >2%, type-I kerogen, Ro >1.0%, overpressure >7Mpa, sharp increase of hydrocarbon expulsion along with increasing TOC and overpressure, and high expulsion value at Ro >1%. Source rocks with TOC and Ro <0.8%, type-II2 & III kerogen, overpressure <3Mpa, and low hydrocarbon expulsion volume are considered ineffective. Rocks with parameters between the two are considered effective. The high-quality class shows a strong empirical control on the distribution of tight oil in the Songliao Basin. This is followed by the effective source rock class. The ineffective class has no measurable contribution to the tight oil reserves. Because the hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of source rocks is controlled by many factors, the lower limits of the evaluation parameters in different basins may vary. However, the classification method of tight source rocks proposed in this paper should be widely applicable. 相似文献
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在已了解的松辽盆地登娄库—永安地区构造和沉积演化特点的基础上,利用现有钻井的岩心资料、测井资料和地震资料,对该地区的成藏模式特征从运移方式和生储盖空间组合两个方面上进行了研究和分类,分析了各自形成的主控因素.研究表明,该区域地层具有断坳双层结构,按油气运移类型划分,在断陷期主要发育两种油气成藏模式,分别为原生油气成藏模式和次生油气成藏模式;在坳陷期主要发育次生油气成藏模式和混生油气藏.从储层与烃源岩的空间组合上来看,区域内主要发育有上生下储、下生上储和自生自储这三种油气成藏模式.形成这些不同成藏模式的主要因素是该区深至基底的大型断裂构造和继承性断裂、反转构造以及固有沉积环境等. 相似文献
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天然气水合物研究的新进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
天然气水合物的调查评价刚刚起步，有关其成藏机理等许多问题有待解决。最近国际上关于天然气水合物资源和成藏机理的研究有新的进展，现根据大量的实际调查资料重新估算了天然气水合物资源量，并认为过去报道的资源量过高；海底天然气水合物的聚集与烃流体的垂向运移有关，泥火山底辟构造控制了海底天然气水合物的聚集和分布；天然气水合物的开采方式与常规油气藏开发不同，宜采用简单加热法、抑制剂法和减压法开采；近期应主要进行海底及浅层的天然气水合物勘探。 相似文献
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针对渤海海域PL油田新近系明化镇组原油密度大,常规叠后烃检方法效果不佳的特点,利用储层含油气后高频端能量吸收衰减原理,在高精度频谱分解基础上,采用能量系数法和高频斜率衰减地震属性预测油气,效果一般;结合研究区地质特点,以神经网络多种成熟算法为基础算法,优选对油水有不同响应的地震属性作为训练参数,以含油饱和度曲线作为目标曲线,对全区地震数据体进行反演,用验证井与饱和度数据体有效响应比对,主力油层含油砂体吻合率高达75％以上.利用该方法结合其它成藏条件优选了显示很好的多套砂体作为进一步勘探潜力靶区. 相似文献