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天然气水合物目前已经成为世界范围的一个研究热点，而我国的天然气水合物研究起步则相对较晚，通过阅读国内外有关文献，总结了天然气水合物在海底的分布特征，聚集和形成机制，产状及其形成机理，甲烷羽的形成过程，天然气水合物在沉积物中的聚集位置通常有两种情况：一是较浅的沉积物（海底以下几米）中，受控于泥底辟，泥火山，断层等；二是较深的沉积物（海底以下几十米，甚至更深）中，受控于流体，当断层延伸至海底时，通常在水合物聚集处的上部发现甲烷羽，天然气以溶解气，游离气或分子扩散的形式运移，在温，压适宜的沉积物中，即水合物稳定带内聚集并形成水合物，水合物的形成过程是：最初形成晶体，呈分散状分布于沉积物中，之后逐渐聚集，生长成结核状，层状，最后形成块状，在细粒的浅层沉积物中，通常以较慢的速度生长，形成分散状的水合物；而在粗粒沉积物中，水合物通常呈填隙状，并且这种产状可能位于较深层位中，我国南海在温度，压力，构造条件，天然气来源等方面都能满足天然气水合物的形成条件，并且在南海也发现了一些水合物存在的标志，如似海底反射层（BSR）以及孔隙水中氯离子浓度的降低。因此，天然气水合物在我国南海海域可能有很好的前景。 相似文献
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南海北部陆坡深水区的浅层天然气藏是一种伴随天然气水合物的新型油气藏, 具有埋藏浅、规模大的特点, 其埋藏深度一般小于300m。浅层天然气藏由深部裂解气沿断裂上升被天然气水合物封盖而形成, 识别似海底反射(BSR)是寻找浅层天然气藏有效方法。浅层天然气藏的气源主要有热解气、生物气和混合气, 陆坡张性断裂是气体运移的主要通道, 水合物下部的砂层是浅层天然气藏的主要储集层, 水合物层则是封盖层。从南海发现的天然气水合物分布特征看, 浅层天然气藏在陆坡深水区广泛分布且气藏厚度大, 潜在资源量非常可观, 是一种新型的开采成本相对低廉的油气藏。 相似文献
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天然气水合物资源潜力评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
作为一种新型能源的天然气水合物越来越引起人们的重视。研究表明，在永冻区水合物主要存在于地下130～2000m，海洋中的水合物主要存在于海底以下100～1100m，水合物矿层的厚度可从几厘米到30m左右。目前海相和极地永冻区水合物资源量估计约为20000万亿m^3。近些年来，很多国家包括日本、印度和美国投入大量的资金进行水合物资源的研究。虽然在有些基础性问题的研究上，如对已证实的含水合物地层中水合物聚集的资源量的估算等方面存在差异，但这些研究项目的开展可以帮助我们了解水合物储层的属性、开采体系的设计以及更为重要的开采成本及经济效益等关键性问题。 相似文献
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南海北部陆坡区具备天然气水合物形成聚集的地质条件,神狐海域的海底沉积层温度和压力条件符合水合物成藏的要求;源岩生烃潜力巨大且烃类运移条件良好,可以为水合物成藏提供充足的气源和通畅的运移通道。然而,钻探结果揭示了神狐海域天然气水合物在相似地质背景地区聚集分布的差异性,其机理及控制因素并不清楚。基于研究区8口钻探井的成藏地质条件,综合对比分析了成功获取及未获取水合物站位处的地震、测井、钻井、地球化学等数据,并以此探究南海北部神狐地区天然气水合物分布不均匀性的控制和影响因素。 相似文献
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海底天然气水合物的开发利用对于国家能源安全与环境保护具有重要意义。然而,作为一种新型深海能源,海底天然气水合物至今仍未实现商业化生产。除开发技术等因素外,天然气水合物开发投入、产出的成本问题也是制约海底天然气水合物大规模开发的另一关键因素。文章从经济可行性的视角分析海底天然气水合物目前开采成本、未来开采成本的变化以及未来的价格优势,从而对天然气水合物开发的前景进行相关研究。研究结果显示,虽然目前天然气水合物的开采成本要高于常规天然气,但随着今后开采技术的改进,天然气水合物开采的总成本、边际成本和平均成本都会相应降低,当天然气水合物的价格低于常规天然气价格时,天然气水合物的商业化生产便可能实现。 相似文献
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天然气水合物被认为是世界上各沉积盆地中大量聚集在一起的甲烷。人们普遍认为，似海底反射（BSR）与天然气水合物之间具有依存关系。但根据钻井资料，没有BSR分布的地区，同样也发现有天然气水合物的存在，且钻遇到了天然气水合物；而有BSR的地区，却可能发现不了天然气水合物。似乎BSR与天然气水合物的关系显得有些模糊不清。 相似文献
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南海北部陆坡天然气水合物成藏机理研究：意义、现状与问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
天然气水合物是近三十多年重视起来的一种新型能源，被誉为21世纪洁净替代燃料，已逐步引起越来越多国家政府、企业、科学家的广泛关注和高度重视。以南海北部陆坡作为研究案例，充分利用我国海域天然气水合物调查评价和钻探工程资料的优势，重点开展天然气水合物成藏机理和分布规律理论研究，通过成藏理论创新，提高成藏预测能力，具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。
围绕海洋天然气水合物成藏系统，国际上在物质来源及成因机理、物理化学特征、形成环境及成藏模式、分布规律和资源评价等方面取得了显著进展。我国南海北部陆坡天然气水合物调查评价发现了一系列天然气水合物存在的地质、地球物理、地球化学和生物证据，钻探发现并取得了天然气水合物实物样品，但尚有许多关键科学问题需要解决，包括天然气水合物成藏系统中气、水、沉积物和水合物间的相互作用，天然气水合物的物理、化学响应机理及构造运动和沉积作用对我国海域天然气水合物的控矿机理等。 相似文献
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Megan Elwood Madden Shannon Ulrich Phillip Szymcek Scott McCallum Tommy Phelps 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009
In order for methane to be economically produced from the seafloor, prediction and detection of massive hydrate deposits will be necessary. In many cases, hydrate samples recovered from seafloor sediments appear as veins or nodules, suggesting that there are strong geologic controls on where hydrate is likely to accumulate. Experiments have been conducted examining massive hydrate accumulation from methane gas bubbles within natural and synthetic sediments in a large volume pressure vessel through temperature and pressure data, as well as visual observations. Observations of hydrate growth suggest that accumulation of gas bubbles within void spaces and at sediment interfaces likely results in the formation of massive hydrate deposits. Methane hydrate was first observed as a thin film forming at the gas/water interface of methane bubbles trapped within sediment void spaces. As bubbles accumulated, massive hydrate growth occurred. These experiments suggest that in systems containing free methane gas, bubble pathways and accumulation points likely control the location and habit of massive hydrate deposits. 相似文献
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Worldwide distribution of deep-water fluid venting and potential occurrences of gas hydrate accumulations 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Geological investigations of the World ocean during the last decade have revealed about 70 deep-water fluid vent sites and their sea-bottom indirect indications. We have reason to suppose that most of fluid vents located within a gas hydrate stability zone are associated with gas hydrate accumulations. This type of accumulation is of special interest because they are formed close to the seafloor; they are relatively free resources and possibly could become one of the first productive gas hydrate formations to be exploited. 相似文献
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Occurrence and exploration of gas hydrate in the marginal seas and continental margin of the Asia and Oceania region 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Ryo Matsumoto Byong-Jae Ryu Sung-Rock Lee Saulwood Lin Shiguo Wu Kalachand Sain Ingo Pecher Michael Riedel 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(10):1751-1767
Supplies of conventional natural gas and oil are declining fast worldwide, and therefore new, unconventional forms of energy resources are needed to meet the ever-increasing demand. Amongst the many different unconventional natural resources are gas hydrates, a solid, ice-like crystalline compound of methane and water formed under specific low temperature and high pressure conditions. Gas hydrates are believed to exist in large quantities worldwide in oceanic regions of continental margins, as well as associated with permafrost regions in the Arctic. Some studies to estimate the global abundance of gas hydrate suggest that the total volume of natural gas locked up in form of gas hydrates may exceed all known conventional natural gas reserves, although large uncertainties exist in these assessments. Gas hydrates have been intensively studied in the last two decades also due to connections between climate forcing (natural and/or anthropogenic) and the potential large volumes of methane trapped in gas hydrate accumulations. The presence of gas hydrate within unconsolidated sediments of the upper few hundred meters below seafloor may also pose a geo-hazard to conventional oil and gas production. Additionally, climate variability and associated changes in pressure-temperature regimes and thus shifts in the gas hydrate stability zone may cause the occurrence of submarine slope failures.Several large-scale national gas hydrate programs exist especially in countries such as Japan, Korea, Taiwan, China, India, and New Zealand, where large demands of energy cannot be met by domestic supplies from natural resources. The past five years have seen several dedicated deep drilling expeditions and other scientific studies conducted throughout Asia and Oceania to understand gas hydrates off India, China, and Korea. This thematic set of publications is dedicated to summarize the most recent findings and results of geo-scientific studies of gas hydrates in the marginal seas and continental margin of the Asia, and Oceania region. 相似文献
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《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2012,29(10):1751-1767
Supplies of conventional natural gas and oil are declining fast worldwide, and therefore new, unconventional forms of energy resources are needed to meet the ever-increasing demand. Amongst the many different unconventional natural resources are gas hydrates, a solid, ice-like crystalline compound of methane and water formed under specific low temperature and high pressure conditions. Gas hydrates are believed to exist in large quantities worldwide in oceanic regions of continental margins, as well as associated with permafrost regions in the Arctic. Some studies to estimate the global abundance of gas hydrate suggest that the total volume of natural gas locked up in form of gas hydrates may exceed all known conventional natural gas reserves, although large uncertainties exist in these assessments. Gas hydrates have been intensively studied in the last two decades also due to connections between climate forcing (natural and/or anthropogenic) and the potential large volumes of methane trapped in gas hydrate accumulations. The presence of gas hydrate within unconsolidated sediments of the upper few hundred meters below seafloor may also pose a geo-hazard to conventional oil and gas production. Additionally, climate variability and associated changes in pressure-temperature regimes and thus shifts in the gas hydrate stability zone may cause the occurrence of submarine slope failures.Several large-scale national gas hydrate programs exist especially in countries such as Japan, Korea, Taiwan, China, India, and New Zealand, where large demands of energy cannot be met by domestic supplies from natural resources. The past five years have seen several dedicated deep drilling expeditions and other scientific studies conducted throughout Asia and Oceania to understand gas hydrates off India, China, and Korea. This thematic set of publications is dedicated to summarize the most recent findings and results of geo-scientific studies of gas hydrates in the marginal seas and continental margin of the Asia, and Oceania region. 相似文献
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海洋天然气水合物的地震识别方法研究 总被引：21，自引：2，他引：21
天然气水合物作为21世纪新的自然能源将为人类的生存发展服务。20世纪60年代证实，俄罗斯西伯利亚的麦索亚哈气田为典型的天然气水合物形成的气田，70年代又在海底发现了固体天然气水合物岩样。1971年，RStoll首先将地震剖面中的似海底反向层解释为海洋天然气水合物存在的标志，后来被深海钻探证实，从此地震方法成为大面积研究天然气水合物的重要手段。天然气水合物既是潜在能源，也是影响环境和形成灾害的因素之一，因此，研究天然气水合物是人类在21世纪的重要课题。探讨海洋天然气水合物的地震识别方法，由于这项工作刚刚起步，还没有做出具体的成果，在此只能根据我们仅有的工作和参照国外分开的出版物，以及出国访问得到的有关资料进行分析，提出我们的一些基本设想，与各位专家探讨。 相似文献
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Structural-stratigraphic control on the Umitaka Spur gas hydrates of Joetsu Basin in the eastern margin of Japan Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Antonio Fernando Menezes Freire Ryo Matsumoto Luiz Alberto Santos 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(10):1967-1978
Integrated geological, geochemical, and geophysical exploration since 2004 has identified massive accumulation of gas hydrate associated with active methane seeps on the Umitaka Spur, located in the Joetsu Basin on the eastern margin of Japan Sea. Umitaka Spur is an asymmetric anticline formed along an incipient subduction zone that extends throughout the western side of the Japanese island-arc system. Seismic surveys recognized chimney structures that seem strongly controlled by a complex anticlinal axial fault system, and exhibit high seismic amplitudes with apparent pull-up structures, probably due to massive and dense accumulation of gas hydrate. Bottom simulating reflectors are widely developed, in particular within gas chimneys and in the gently dipping eastern flank of the anticline, where debris can store gas hydrates that may represent a potential natural gas resource. The axial fault system, the shape of the anticline, and the carrier beds induce thermogenic gas migration to the top of the structure, and supply gas to the gas hydrate stability zone. Gas reaching the seafloor produces strong seepages and giant plumes in the sea water column. 相似文献
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《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2012,29(10):1967-1978
Integrated geological, geochemical, and geophysical exploration since 2004 has identified massive accumulation of gas hydrate associated with active methane seeps on the Umitaka Spur, located in the Joetsu Basin on the eastern margin of Japan Sea. Umitaka Spur is an asymmetric anticline formed along an incipient subduction zone that extends throughout the western side of the Japanese island-arc system. Seismic surveys recognized chimney structures that seem strongly controlled by a complex anticlinal axial fault system, and exhibit high seismic amplitudes with apparent pull-up structures, probably due to massive and dense accumulation of gas hydrate. Bottom simulating reflectors are widely developed, in particular within gas chimneys and in the gently dipping eastern flank of the anticline, where debris can store gas hydrates that may represent a potential natural gas resource. The axial fault system, the shape of the anticline, and the carrier beds induce thermogenic gas migration to the top of the structure, and supply gas to the gas hydrate stability zone. Gas reaching the seafloor produces strong seepages and giant plumes in the sea water column. 相似文献
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