共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
Clay minerals in the <2 fraction of the four deep-sea cores collected from the northeast and central North Pacific are studied. In the surface layers of the cores, illite is more dominant in the pelagic samples than in the near-shore ones, and montmorillonite is vice versa. Chlorite in the near-shore sample is relatively abundant in the areas of higher latitude than in those of lower latitude. Kaolinite content is less than 10 percent in all samples. The presence of particles of amphibole in the clay-size was confirmed by X-ray analysis in the whole of the core-st. 18 taken from the northeastern portion of the area. This fact suggests that, for a long time probably since the Tertiary age, particles of amphibole have been supplied from source areas. In the three cores except the core-st. 18 it is shown that montmorillonite clearly increases downward. It is suggested that montmorillonite has been derived from volcanic glassy material by a diagenetic change. Montmorillonite in the bottom layer (400–405 cm) of the core-st. 9 is particularly rich in iron. 相似文献
2.
This study tracks changes in metal distribution in estuarine sediments as a result of leakage from acid sulphate (AS) soil landscapes in the Boreal Zone (Finland). The main objective was to identify the impact of these nasty soils on sediment geochemistry in a biologically sensitive and shallow brackish-water estuary. In order to do this four sediment cores were sampled in a profile extending seawards from the mouth of the Vörå River, which is one of the most heavily AS soil-impacted rivers in Finland and Europe. Two of the cores were rather deep (2.5 m and 4.0 m) and the others were shallow (0.4 m and 0.8 m). The results showed that an appreciable amount of aluminium (Al), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) were elevated in the surface and sub-surface of the sampled bottom sediments compared to the deeper sediment background levels. These metals are all known to be abundantly leached from the AS soils. At the site approximately 4 km away from the river mouth, the concentrations of Cd, Co, Mn, Ni and Zn were elevated 5–100 times as compared to the background levels and showed an intriguing cyclic pattern, most likely reflecting seasonal leaching dynamics in the AS soil landscapes. In contrast, metals that are not abundantly leached from AS soils, i.e. chromium (Cr), iron (Fe) and vanadium (V) had consistently low concentrations throughout all sediment cores. The elevated metal concentrations in the top layers of the sediments in the estuary are alarming. The continuous land uplift of the region combined with the episodic rapid declines in pH may result in short and long term extensive release of metals. This, in turn, may have significant effects on the trace-metal contents in the Gulf of Bothnia and the entire Baltic Sea. 相似文献
3.
Sediment cores from a transect of sealochs, Etive, Sunart, Nevis, Duich, Broom and Torridon in N.W. Scotland were analysed for the trace metals lead, copper, and zinc. In addition, sediment cores from the Clyde Sea Basin (Loch Fyne, the Gareloch, Clyde dumpsite) and from the Irish and Celtic Seas were analysed as possible source areas for contaminated particles. The sediment cores were dated using excess 210Pb and 137Cs, and Al normalisation was used to correct for sediment compositional effects. All cores showed increased concentrations of all trace metals (and M/Al) towards the surface, with a maximum of 280–500% above background being observed in Loch Etive. Only cores from Duich and Torridon (Zn/Al and Pb/Al) and Etive (Zn/Al) did not continue to show an increase in trace metals to the uppermost samples. The burden of atmospherically derived trace metals accumulated over the past 100 years was compared with similar published burdens from a series of freshwater lochs adjacent to the sealochs. Plots of excess 210Pb (used to correct for sediment focusing) against atmospherically derived Pb showed a series of linear relationships of systematically decreasing gradient towards the north-west, away from potential urban sources of lead. It was calculated that 49% (15–77%) of the Pb but only 3% (1–4%) of the Zn and 2% (0–3%) of the Cu reached the sealochs from atmospheric sources. The remaining trace metals deposited in the sealochs came from marine particles. Using trace metal ratios as an indicator of pollutant provenance, it was shown that the trace metals came predominantly from the Irish Sea. There was no evidence of trace metals derived from the Firth of Clyde basin. It was concluded that trace metal contamination from the Clyde and the surrounding industrialised urban area was mainly deposited in the estuary and the Clyde Sea basin with its adjoining sealochs, such as the Gareloch and Loch Fyne. 相似文献
4.
南沙群岛海区有机碳沉积作用与古生产力估算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据南沙群岛海区５个沉积柱样和大量表层样的分析资料讨论了有机碳的沉积作用。深海有机碳含量一般为０．２％－１．３％。水柱深度对其分布的控制作用不明显。分析结果发现冰期、间冰期，尤其是本次冰期有机碳含量变化明显，４个柱样晚第四纪的质量堆积速率在末次冰期时最大。有机碳保存的主要控制因素是溶解氧浓度、粘土矿物含量、水柱深度和底栖混合强度，其中溶解氧浓度是最重要因素。底栖有孔虫的相对丰度，如Ｕｖｉｇｅｒｉｎａ和Ｂｕｌｉｍｉ－ｎａ，可用来指示溶解氧和有机碳含量。有机碳含量与海洋生产力关系极为密切，它可用来重建海洋古生产力的长期变化。采用Ｍｌｌｅｒ和Ｓｕｅｓｓ方程以及Ｓａｒｎｔｈｅｉｎ方程的计算结果与目前生产力值结果比较表明，后一种方法因充分考虑了溶解氧浓度和水柱深度而更接近现代值。 相似文献
5.
冲绳海槽黑色与白色浮岩特征及其对岩浆演化的指示 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了认识黑色与白色浮岩的岩石特征及成因,使用人工重砂、元素地球化学等分析技术,研究冲绳海槽两类浮岩中元素及矿物组成特征。研究显示,冲绳海槽黑色和白色浮岩具有相似全岩化学组成,都落入流纹岩区,稀土配分曲线明显呈右倾,具负Eu异常,富集不相容元素,岩石物理性质差别是导致其颜色差异的主要因素。两类浮岩岩石学特征的不同主要体现在:(1)白色浮岩锆石和辉石都具有两种类型,黑色浮岩仅具有其中一种;(2)黑色浮岩中发育钛铁矿、钛磁铁矿与基质构成的珠状构造,且基质玻璃中密集分布磁铁矿雏晶,而白色浮岩不具备上述岩石学特征。综合分析海槽两类浮岩岩石学特征所蕴含的岩浆演化信息,推测两类浮岩具有相同的玄武质岩浆源区,富挥发组分的玄武质母岩浆上升进入地壳,形成初级岩浆房,房内结晶分异后残留的酸性岩浆,沿海槽构造薄弱带向上运移,岩浆运移过程中有少部分进入分支断裂系统形成次级岩浆房,期间初级岩浆房接受多次基性岩浆注入;初级和次级岩浆房中的酸性岩浆分别独立喷出海底,前者形成白色浮岩,后者形成黑色浮岩。此外,演化过程中岩浆性质逐渐由氧化性向还原性转变。 相似文献
6.
Results from 1110 paired CaCO3 and bulk density measurements from cores raised from the eastern equatorial Pacific permit formulation of well constrained CaCO3-DBD relationships for that region. The cores lie along a N-S transect at 110°W from 10°N to 3°S underneath the different currents of the equatorial current system and along an E-W transect from 110° to 90°W, at approximately 3°S. Two distinct, crescent-shaped dry bulk density-CaCO3 relationships are observed. For equal CaCO3 percentages, sediments from those sites at 110°W, which are situated in the high productivity zone, have lower dry bulk density. Cores raised from closer to shore have relatively greater DBD. 相似文献
7.
基于2010年10月国家自然科学基金委东海调查公共航次所获得的数据和悬浮体样品,使用ICP-AES、ICP-MS仪器对悬浮体中的主、微量元素含量进行了测定,对悬浮体中元素组成、空间分布及其影响因素进行了研究,结果表明:长江口及邻近海域悬浮体中主量元素铝、镁、铁、钙等含量为1%~30%,含量以铝为主;微量元素镉、铬、钴、铜、锰、镍、铅、钒等含量为n×10-6~n×10-9,以锰最高;铝与铁、锰以及大部分的微量元素都有良好的相关性,指示这些主量元素以陆源输入为主和微量元素被细颗粒物质吸附为主的特征。水团对长江口及邻近海域颗粒态地球化学组分的空间分布具有重要的影响,其中铝、铁及铬、钴、铜、锰、镍、钒等元素受水团的制约更加显著。 相似文献
8.
We have determined the azimuth of bottom-current flow in drift deposit sediments recovered at ODP Sites 1095 and 1101, Antarctic Peninsula, using paleomagnetic reorientation of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) ellipsoids. A total of 38 cores from the two ODP sites have been measured, providing spatial and directional information on the physical record of the ACC (Antarctic Circumpolar Current) in the Plio-Pleistocene. Declination and inclination of the paleomagnetic vector of each core segment were used to reorient the AMS principal axes to the geographic coordinates. The cores were reoriented using the measured direction of the characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) with respect to a common reference line for the core, from which we are able to determine the orientation of the paleocurrent flow for Sites 1095 (Drift 7) and 1101 (Drift 4) relative to the geographic coordinates. Both sites have paleocurrent directions trending ~ NW-SE, which in the former locality are parallel to a sediment wave field. Our study shows that a combination of magnetic fabric analysis and paleomagnetism allows deep-sea sedimentary fabric to be used as a long-term proxy of bottom-current flow history. 相似文献
9.
Sedimentation processes in Golfo Dulce, a periodically anoxic fjord-like embayment on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, have been investigated by analyses of surface sediments and 3.5-m-long sediment cores. The large proportion of non-biogenic material (>90%) reflects the dominance of terrigenous sediment input to Golfo Dulce. Biogenic components such as organic carbon and carbonate are also supplied from terrigenous sources. The two components, however, originate from different parts of the coast surrounding the gulf. The sediment cores did not show any laminated sections. The sediments can be divided into turbiditic basin deposits and almost undisturbed, hemipelagic slope deposits. 相似文献
10.
The distribution and composition of four benthic foraminifera assemblages from the Guaymas Basin are depicted through Q- and R-mode Factor Analysis. One of these assemblages is distributed near hydrothermal vents,* another developed away from the influence of the vents, and the other two assemblages are found in the subbottom sediments.Biostratigraphic analysis of five cores collected within the hydrothermal region suggest that the foraminiferal remains have been affected by aselective dissolution process. Only small species, such asBulimina spinosa andBolivina sp 2, have been preserved in the subbottom sediments which have been influenced by the hydrothermal activity. 相似文献
11.
Natural iron fertilization processes are occurring around the Crozet Islands (46°26′S–52°18′E), thus relieving the water masses from the normally encountered High Nutrients Low Chlorophyll (HNLC) conditions of the Southern Ocean. During austral summers 2004/2005 and 2005/2006, iron and aluminium concentrations were investigated in large particles (> 53 µm) collected from just below the mixed layer at stations under the influence of island inputs, and also in adjacent HNLC waters. These large particles are anticipated to sink out of the mixed layer, and to reflect the net effects of input and cycling of these elements in the overlying mixed layer. Labile and refractory fractions were determined by a two-stage leaching technique. Data showed that water masses downstream of the islands were enriched in total iron and aluminium (0.25–2.68 nmol L− 1 and 0.34–3.28 nmol L− 1 respectively), relative to the southern HNLC control sites (0.15–0.29 nmol L− 1 for Fe and 0.12–0.29 nmol L− 1 for Al), with only a small fraction (typically < 1%) being acid leachable in both environments. Particulate iron predominantly derived from the island system represents a significant fraction of the total water column iron inventory and may complement dissolved Fe inputs that help support the high summer productivity around the Crozet islands. 相似文献
12.
综合大洋钻探计划(IODP) 334和344航次在U1381站位处的两个钻孔(A孔和C孔)获得了中美洲西海岸外科科斯脊基底拉斑玄武岩，对其岩浆过程开展研究可为理解其岩石成因提供重要依据。本文对科科斯脊玄武岩中斜长石斑晶和微晶进行了详细的原位主微量元素分析，结果表明，斜长石种属为培长石、拉长石及少量中长石。部分斜长石斑晶具有正环带结构；但多数斜长石斑晶不具有明显环带，仅从核部到边部存在微弱的成分变化。斜长石斑晶与微晶的微量元素差别较大:斜长石斑晶富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素，且具有明显的Eu正异常；斜长石微晶不相容元素含量通常高于斜长石斑晶。根据斜长石温度计计算获得斜长石斑晶结晶温度为1 050～1 253℃，斜长石微晶结晶温度为866～1 033℃。基于以上特征，推测斜长石斑晶核部是相对原始岩浆的产物，而斑晶边部以及微晶是演化岩浆的结晶产物。斜长石斑晶的成分变化及熔蚀麻点结构是由于岩浆补给及岩浆减压上升造成的。最后，本研究推测科科斯脊基底玄武岩来自于开放的岩浆房，且岩浆房内可能存在原始岩浆的不断注入及岩浆对流。 相似文献
13.
Briais Anne Sloan Heather Parson Lindsay M. Murton Bramley J. 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2000,21(1-2):87-119
We analyse TOBI side-scan sonar images collected during Charles Darwin cruise CD76 in the axial valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) between 27°N and 30°N (Atlantis Transform Fault). Mosaics of the two side-scan sonar swaths provide a continuous image of the axial valley and the inner valley walls along more than six second-order segments of the MAR. Tectonic and volcanic analyses reveal a high-degree intra-segment and inter-segment variability. We distinguish three types of volcanic morphologies: hummocky volcanoes or volcanic ridges, smooth, flat-topped volcanoes, and lava flows. We observe that the variations in the tectonics from one segment to another are associated with variations in the distribution of the volcanic morphologies. Some segments have more smooth volcanoes near their ends and in the discontinuities than near their mid-point, and large, hummocky axial volcanic ridges. Their tectonic deformation is usually limited to the edges of the axial valley near the inner valley walls. Other segments have smooth volcanoes distributed along their length, small axial volcanic ridges, and their axial valley floor is affected by numerous faults and fissures. We propose a model of volcano-tectonic cycles in which smooth volcanoes and lava flows are built during phases of high magmatic flux. Hummocky volcanic ridges are constructed more progressively, by extraction of magma from pockets located preferentially beneath the centre of the segments, during phases of low magma input. These cycles might result from pulses in melt migration from the mantle. Melt arrival would lead to the rapid emplacement of smooth-textured volcanic terrains, and would leave magma pockets, mostly beneath the centre of the segments where most melt is produced. During the end of the volcanic cycle magma would be extracted from these reservoirs through dikes with a low magma pressure, building hummocky volcanic ridges at low effusion rates. In extreme cases, this volcanic phase would be followed by amagmatic extension until a new magma pulse arrives from the mantle. 相似文献
14.
We got two cores from 10 miles east of Zhoushan islands about 29 m in water depth in 1979 and 1980.Dc1 core, 26 m long, can be divided into two layers; 0-19.4 m, brown-yellow, silty-clay, rich in foraminifera, 19.3-26 m, grey silt. DC1 core, 91 m long, 7 miles south of DC1 core. The colour for 0-16.6 m is the same as for 0-19.4 m of Dc2 core, brown silty-clay, rich in foraminifera too. The results of paleomagnetic measurements show: there are 464 specimens in DC1 and Dc2 cores altogether; AF demagnetization often shows that 95 % of all the specimens belong to normal polarity epoch, and the others are reversal ones.We consider that more stranger intensity may represent the warming period and transgression period, and vice versa. At least DC, and Dc2 cores provide such an evidence for this. It is obvious that glacial period should be low peak period of intensity, and interglacial period should be its high peak period. 相似文献
15.
F. E. Grousset J. L. Joron P. E. Biscaye C. Latouche M. Treuil N. Maillet J. C. Faugères E. Gonthier 《Geo-Marine Letters》1988,8(1):25-34
Data obtained from mineralogical and geochemical analyses of piston and gravity cores, recovered from an area off Lisbon (Portugal) to the Alboran Sea (Mediterranean), serve as a basis for better understanding the past 18,000 years of hydrological exchanges at Gibraltar. Tracers used in this study are smectite, kaolinite, Ta, Th, La. One of the primary sources of particles both into and out of the Mediterranean is the Guadalquivir River. These particles are transported back into the Atlantic in the Mediterranean outflow water, and deposited along the Iberian slope. No evidence for reversal of this outflow current was found in those cores, since 18,000 years B.P. 相似文献
16.
The compositional variability of ocean island basalts (OIBs) is thought to reflect partial melting of a lithologically-heterogeneous mantle source dominated by either pyroxenite or peridotite. The Pohnpei Island in Micronesia, which is associated with the Caroline hotspot, is suggested to have been generated from partial melting of a pyroxenite-rich mantle. To examine this hypothesis, we present new major- and trace-element compositions of olivine phenocrysts in basalts from the island. The olivines exhibit large systematic inter- and intra-crystalline compositional variability. In Sample DS1, olivines record compositional zonation, in which cores have relatively high Fo (77–85), Ni (550×10?6–2 392×10?6), and Fe/Mn ratios (66–82), whereas rims have lower Fo (71–78), Ni (526×10?6–1 537×10?6), and Fe/Mn ratios (51–62). By contrast, olivines within other samples preserve no clear compositional zonation, exhibiting similar or slightly lower Fo values (66–78), Ni contents (401×10?6–1 268×10?6), and Fe/Mn ratios (53–69) as the rims of zoned crystals. The distinct chemical contrast between the two different types of olivine suggests they formed in magma chambers at different depths. Analysis using forward petrological modeling and multi-element indicators (Fe/Mn, Zn/Fe, FC3MS (FeOT/CaO?(3×MgO/SiO2)), Mn/Zn, and Ni/(Mg/Fe)) of whole-rock samples and high-Fo olivines is inconsistent with a pyroxenite-rich mantle source. We suggest these inconsistencies reflect an influence on the partition coefficients of Ni and Mn between olivine and liquid during melting at variable pressures and temperatures. In addition, magma recharge and mixing within the magmatic plumbing system can change the composition of olivine. We suggest that identification of the mantle source of OIBs in volcanic islands such as the Pohnpei Island using olivine geochemistry should be treated with caution. 相似文献
17.
中小河流对长江水下三角洲远端泥沉积的贡献:以椒江和瓯江为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
海洋沉积物的来源、输运过程及其归宿一直是海洋沉积学的重要研究课题。浙闽沿岸泥区的沉积物主要来自长江及浙闽沿岸的中小河流，对后者的贡献量进行定量化分析是相关研究比较薄弱的环节，这个问题的难点可能是缺乏同时指示"物源"和"供应量"两个指标的示踪物。本文以椒江和瓯江这两条河流对浙闽沿岸泥区的贡献为切入点，运用了粒度端元和黏土矿物两种示踪指标进行研究，目的有两个:一是综合评价两种示踪指标的效率，二是定量化地了解中小河流对浙闽沿岸泥区的贡献。借助端元粒度分析模型对浙闽沿岸泥区的表层样粒度数据进行分解，划分出4个不同的端元，结果显示，EM1端元表现出长江来源的属性，EM2端元表现出椒江和瓯江等沿岸中小河流来源的属性，EM3端元可能来源于研究区南部并有向北输送的趋势，EM4端元可能来源于陆架中部的残留砂沉积区。基于特征粒级的进一步分析表明，研究区6个站位的柱样沉积物中都出现了第一特征粒级，在3.91~9.29 μm之间，推测与长江口外悬浮颗粒物有关，并认为柱样所在的区域都会受到长江入海泥沙的影响。黏土矿物由于具有粒度依赖性，在定量探讨椒江与瓯江的泥沙贡献量时，只能指示小于2 μm的细颗粒物的贡献量，而粒度端元作为一种"全粒度"的指标，在相对封闭的系统内，可以同时解答"从哪里来"和"有多少"这两个示踪问题，是受限比较小的示踪物指标，未来在定量研究物源方面可能会有较大的作用。 相似文献
18.
19.
Bathmetric highs on the old crust proximal to ridge-transform intersections (RTIs), termed intersection highs, are common but poorly understood features at offsets of fast to intermediate rate spreading centers. We have combined new reflection seismic, photographic, and geochemical data with previously published Seabeam, SeaMARC I, and SeaMARC II data to address the nature of the intersection highs at the Clipperton Fracture Zone. The Clipperton Intersection Highs are both topped by a carapace of young lavas at least 100 m thick. These lavas, which were erupted on the intersection highs, are chemically similar to their adjacent ridge segments and different from the surrounding older crust. At least some of the erupted magma traveled directly from the adjacent ridge at a shallow crustal level. Ridge-related magma covers and intrudes at least the upper 500 m of the transform tectonized crust at the RTI. We suspect that additional magma enters the intersection highs from directly below, without passing through the ridge. The young oceanic crust near the western Clipperton RTI is not thin by regional comparison. The 1.4 m.y. old crust near the eastern Clipperton RTI thickens approaching the transform offset. If the thermal effects of the proximal ridge were negligible, the eastern intersection high crust would appear to be in isostatic equilibrium. We believe that thermal effects are significant, and that the intersection high region stands anomalously shallow for its crustal thickness. This is attributable to increased temperature in the mantle below the ridge-proximal crust. Although ridge magma is injected into the proximal old crust, plate boundary reorganization is not taking place. Intersection high formation has been an ongoing process at both of the Clipperton RTIs for at least the past 1 m.y., during which time the plate boundary configuration has not changed appreciably. We envision a constant interplay between the intruding ridge magma and the disrupting transform fault motion. In addition, we envision a nearly constant input of magma from below the high, as an extension of the magma supply to the ridge from the mantle. Because the proximal ridge profoundly affects the juxtaposed crust at the RTI, sea floor fabric along the aseismic extensions of this fast-slipping transform fault is primarily a record of processes at work at the RTI rather than a record of transform tectonism. 相似文献
20.
Eric Olausson 《Marine Geology》1991,100(1-4):45-51
Two cores from the Bannock Basin in the eastern Mediterranean have been analysed for δ180 and the δ13C in planktonic foraminifera. One core (02-PC) was extracted from the anoxic brine, the other (08-GC) from a plateau east of the brine.
The absence of sapropelic muds in Core 08-GC from the two Holsteinian euxinic cycles, together with the presence of isotopic spikes, suggests that the plateau has risen during the last ca. 200,000 years by ca. 2.5 mm/yr.
The δ180 amplitude of Globigerinoides ruber in eastern Mediterranean cores is only ca. 0.5%. larger than for this species in North Atlantic cores. This suggests that the surface oxygen isotopic composition of both bodies of water followed each other fairly closely during the Late Pleistocene, except during the stagnant phases. 相似文献