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1.
南沙群岛海区有机碳沉积作用与古生产力估算 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据南沙群岛海区５个沉积柱样和大量表层样的分析资料讨论了有机磷的沉积作用。深海有机碳含量一般为０．２％－１．３％。水柱深度对其分布的控制作用不明显。分析结果发现冰期、间冰期，尤其是末次冰期有机碳含量变化明显，４个柱样晚第四纪的质量堆积速率在末次冰期时最大。 相似文献
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3.
南海北部4万年以来有机碳和碳酸盐含量变化及古海洋学意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
南海北部陆坡的17937柱状样上部4万年来有机碳和碳酸盐的含量分布特征显示：有机碳含量总体显示出冰期高、间冰期低的特征，碳酸盐则相反。C／N元素比分布范围和二组分分析说明该站位的有机碳以海洋自生有机碳为主，全新世达80％以上。根据海洋沉积物中总有机碳含量和两类不同来源有机碳所占比例计算得出的海洋自生生物产生的有机碳含量在MIS2时期最高，说明末次冰期海洋生产力提高。冰期冬季风强化，海水混合程度加强，营养物质利用更充分以及陆源输入增多导致营养物质增加。碳酸盐含量主要受陆源物质稀释的影响，为“大西洋型”旋回。碳酸盐旋回在全新世早中期存在低碳酸钙事件，可能与该时期的强降雨冲刷所致陆源稀释作用增强、海水溶解作用增强以及海洋表层生产力的降低等综合作用相关。 相似文献
4.
南沙海洋柱状沉积物的有机地球化学研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
研究了南沙海域ＮＳ９０－１０３柱样有机碳含量，各类生物标志化合物的组成和分布及其地球化学意义。结果表明，该柱样中有机碳含量高于南沙海域其他沉积环境，这表明南沙海域中大陆坡最适合于有机质的聚集。各类生物标志化合物组成和分布指示了沉积有机质主要起源于海洋浮游生牧细菌，其次为陆源高等植物，气溶胶输入可能是后者来源的途径之一；沉积环境具有强原还性；有机质处于未成熟阶段，并存在较好的成岩变化。 相似文献
5.
南海东北部晚第四纪古生产力变化 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15
通过对南海东北部、吕宋岛西北岩外１７９２８柱状样吕浮游、底栖有孔虫丰度及其与生产力有关和属种含量变化的研究,发现该柱状样在末次冰期（氧同位素２～４期）和氧同位素６期时,浮游、底栖有孔虫丰度增高,高生产力的有孔虫含量也在这两个时期出现高值,说明此时该区具有同的生力水平,这种现象可能与冰期时陆营养盐输入量增加、东亚冬季风增强并在此形成上升流有关。 相似文献
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选取位于南海西部越南岸外上升流区的17954-2沉积柱状样为研究对象,通过对底栖有孔虫属种含量变化的分析,并与该站位已有的有孔虫研究结果对比,获得该海区MIS 3时期海洋古生产力的变化记录.结果表明,柱状样中的底栖有孔虫堆积速率和指示生产力的底栖有孔虫属种(Bulimina aculeata,Uvigerina per... 相似文献
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选取长江口外赤潮多发区沉积物柱状样,在高分辨率测年基础上,通过有机碳、有机碳同位素(δ13C)、生物硅、绿素等多项指标的分析获得了调查海区古生产力的变化信息。并结合近几十年来营养盐浓度及组成结构的变化探讨了海洋浮游藻类组成结构的变化在海洋古环境中的记录。柱状样年代可追溯到20世纪40年代初。δ13C值在柱中的分布为-26.15×10-3~-19.5×10-3,表明有机碳为陆源与海生的混合。生物标志物在柱状样中的分布可大致分为三个阶段,50年代以前含量均较低;50年代至80年代含量均增加,表明海洋浮游藻类活动强烈且以硅藻为主,与此阶段长江口营养盐浓度迅速增加相对应;80年代以后,生物硅的含量下降至整个柱中最低水平,绿素有所降低,但高于50年代前的水平,而有机碳含量增加,表明在该时段硅藻生物量降低,其他藻类生物量有所增加,这与长江口营养盐氮盐持续增加而硅酸盐逐年降低、氮与磷的含量比值、磷与硅的含量比值迅速增大有关。沉积记录还表明此阶段陆源有机碳的贡献增强。 相似文献
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白令海西部柱样沉积物中有机碳的地球化学特征与埋藏记录 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于2012年中国第5次北极科学考察专项调查获得的样品资料,重点探讨了百年来白令海西部柱样沉积物中有机碳(TOC)的地球化学特征及其埋藏记录,结果显示,基于两柱样210 Pbex随深度的指数衰变趋势,整体能反映出调查区相对稳定的现代沉积环境,可获得两沉积柱约70年以来的海洋沉积环境序列。陆架区BL16柱样中TOC的垂向分布与TN及粒度具有较好的一致性,反映出有机质来源较为一致,粒度可能对沉积有机碳的赋存起控制作用;而陆坡区BL10柱样粒度相对略粗,且TOC与TN、粒度无明显相关关系,这可能与该区复杂的沉积水动力环境、有机质输入和较强的细菌微生物作用有关。两柱样上层样品(近20年以来)都不同程度表现出TOC含量增加和CaCO3含量下降,这可能指示了近期北极地区变暖和海洋酸化加剧等过程对沉积有机质的影响。计算得到两柱样沉积有机碳的埋藏通量分别为3 100mmol C·m-2·a-1(BL16)和1 400mmol C·m-2·a-1(BL10),通过对有机碳埋藏保存效率的分析和区域对比,认为该区较高的有机碳埋藏通量,可能主要受控于较高的上层水体初级生产力和有机碳输出效率,较为有利的沉积有机碳保存代谢机制以及较快的沉积速率等因素的共同作用。 相似文献
9.
实验研究海藻体中二甲基硫基丙酸酯（Ｄｉｍｅｔｈｙｌｓｕｌｆｏｎｉｕｍｐｒｏｐｉｏｎａｔｅ,ＤＭＳＰ）的简单测定方法。改进顶空进样方法灵敏度低的缺点,采用碱解和萃取吸收同时进行气相色谱火焰光度检测法测定不同种类的底栖藻中所含的ＤＭＳＰ。并以此测定不同季节胶州湾部分地区近岸表层水体浮游藻所含的ＤＭＳＰ,同时还测定水体中的磷酸盐浓度。结果表明在底栖藻中ＤＭＳＰ含量随季节呈现一定的规律性变化,不同藻体内ＤＭＳＰ含量相差可达两个数量级,而单位水体微藻中的ＤＭ－ＳＰ亦随季节呈现一定的规律性变化 相似文献
10.
虾池小型底栖动物的数量研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
提出１９８７年５月至１０月在黄岛养虾池对虾生长周期内对小型底栖动物数量逐月调查。指出：小型底栖动物总平均密度为１０９２．４ｉｎｄｓ·１０ｃｍ－２，自由生活海洋线虫和底栖桡足类是主要类群，其总平均密度分别为４６６．９和４５７．９ｉｎｄｓ·１０ｃｍ－２。８９．７％的小型底栖动物分布在沉积物表层２ｃｍ内。结果指明小型底栖动物被对虾捕食，并提出了捕食模式。 相似文献
11.
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a carbon reservoir that is as large as the atmospheric CO2 pool, and its contribution to the global carbon cycle is gaining attention. As DOC is a dissolved tracer, its distribution can serve to trace the mixing of water masses and the pathways of ocean circulation. Published proxy and model reconstructions have revealed that, during the last glacial maximum (LGM), the pattern of deep ocean circulation differed from that of the modern ocean, whereby additional carbon is assumed to have been sequestered in stratified LGM deep water. The aim of this study is to explore the distribution of DOC and its production/removal rate during the LGM using the Grid ENabled Integrated Earth system model (GENIE). Modeled results reveal that increased salinity of bottom waters in the Southern Ocean is associated with stronger stratification and oxygen depletion. The stratified LGM deep ocean traps more nutrients, resulting in a decrease in the DOC reservoir size that, in turn, causes a negative feedback for carbon sequestration. This finding requires an increase in DOC lifetime to compensate for the negative feedback. The upper limit of DOC lifetime is assumed to be 20,000 years. Modeled results derive an increase (decrease) in DOC reservoir by 100 Pg C leading to an atmospheric CO2 decrease (increase) of 9.1 ppm and a dissolved inorganic carbon δ13C increase (decrease) of 0.06‰. The DOC removal rate is estimated to be 39.5 Tg C year–1 in the deep sea during the LGM. The contribution of DOC to the LGM carbon cycle elucidates potential carbon sink-increasing strategies. 相似文献
12.
An oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) currently exists at intermediate water depths on the northern Japanese margin in the northwestern Pacific. The OMZ results largely from a combination of high surface–water productivity and poor ventilation of intermediate waters. We investigated the late Quaternary history (last 27 kyr) of the intensity of this OMZ using changes in benthic foraminiferal carbon isotopes and assemblages in a sediment core taken on the continental slope off Shimokita Peninsula, northern Japan, at a water depth of 975 m. The core was located well within the region of the present-day OMZ and high surface–water productivity. The benthic foraminiferal δ13C values, which indicate millennial-scale fluctuations of nutrient contents at the sediment–water interface, were 0.48‰ lower during the last glacial maximum (LGM) than during the late Holocene. These results do not indicate the formation of glacial intermediate waters of subarctic Pacific origin, but rather the large contribution of high-nutrient water masses such as the Antarctic Intermediate Water, implying that the regional circulation pattern during the LGM was similar to that of modern times. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages underwent major changes in response to changes in dissolved oxygen concentrations in ocean floor sediments. The lowest oxygen and highest nutrient conditions, marked by dysoxic taxa and negative values of benthic foraminiferal δ13C, occurred during the Bølling/Allerød (B/A) and Pre-Boreal warming events. Dysoxic conditions in this region during these intervals were possibly caused by high surface–water productivity at times of reduced intermediate–water ventilation in the northwestern Pacific. The benthic assemblages show dysoxic events on approx. 100- to 200-year cycles during the B/A, reflecting centennial-scale productivity changes related to freshwater cycles and surface–water circulation in the North Pacific. 相似文献
13.
南沙群岛海域溶解氧垂直分布最大值的季节特征 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
根据“八五”、“九五”国家科技专项南沙群岛海域综合科学考察的现场调查资料,对南沙群岛海域溶解氧垂直分布最大值现象的分布特征、季节变化规律作了较为全面的分析和研究,同时比较了东海、黄海海域春、夏季溶解氧垂直分布出现的最大值现象及其特征.研究结果表明南沙群岛海域溶解氧垂直分布的最大值现象与我国东海、黄海海域的溶解氧垂直分布最大值现象无论在地理分布、深度、强度、季节性变化还是存在条件的特征化方面,均有着较大的差别.反映影响南沙群岛海域溶解氧垂直分布最大值形成的原因,均与东海、黄海海域溶解氧垂直分布最大值形成的原因有所不同 相似文献
14.
南沙渚碧礁生态系有机碳的分布及周日变化特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
1999 年 4 月对我国南沙群岛渚碧礁海水中溶解有机碳的分布及礁坪区颗粒有机碳 (POC) 和溶解有机碳 (DOC) 的周日变化特征进行了观测。结果表明,渚碧礁表层海水 DOC 变化范围为 1.43~3.62 mg/L,平均为 2.16 mg/L,含量分布大致表现为礁坪区>潟湖>礁外。潟湖 DOC 的垂直分布大致表现为表层高于底层,可能与表层浮游植物的光合作用有关。礁坪区 POC 及 DOC 都呈现显著的周日变化特征,POC 呈现夜晚高,白天低的特点,浮游植物的昼夜垂直移动可能是产生该现象的主要原因。DOC 的周日变化则主要受浮游动物昼夜垂直移动及细菌等生物活动的影响。 相似文献
15.
Based on the survey data from the program Multidisciplinary Expedition to Nansha Islands Sea Area, the distribution of dissolved inorganic phosphate ( PO4^3--P ) in the sea water of Nansha Islands Sea Area is comprehensively analyzed in this paper. The results show that PO4^3--P concentration in the sea water of southeastern Nansha Islands Sea Area is commonly higher than that in the other sea areas; the vertical distribution of PO4^3--P concentration varies inconspicuously in different seasons; the concentration of PO4^3--P increases with water depth and changes most greatly in the layer of 50-100m. The diurnal variation of PO4^3--P concentration differs in different seasons and at different observation stations. The distribution and variation of PO4^3--P concentration result from the physical and biological processes together. 相似文献
16.
《Marine Chemistry》2002,79(1):37-47
Profiles of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were measured in the pore water of sediments from 1000, 2000 and 3500 m water depth in the eastern North Atlantic. A net DOC accumulation in the pore waters was observed, which followed closely the zonation of microbial respiration in these sediments. The concentration of pore water DOC in the zone of oxic respiration was elevated relative to that in the bottom ocean water. The resulting upward gradient across the sediment–water interface indicated a steady state diffusive benthic flux, FDOC, of 0.25–0.44 mmol m−2 day−1 from these sediments. Subsequent increase in the concentration of DOC in the pore water occurred only in the sediments from 1000 and 2000 m water depth that supported anoxic respiration, leading to a deep concentration maximum. By contrast, in the sediments from 3500 m water depth, a deep concentration minimum was measured, coincident with minimal postoxic respiration in this near-abyssal setting. The gradient-based FDOC represented approximately 14% of the total remineralized organic carbon (TCR=sum of FDOC and depth-integrated organic carbon oxidation rate) in the sediments from 1000 and 2000 m water depth, while it was 36% of the TCR in the sediments from 3500 m water depth. A covariance of particulate organic carbon (POC) and pore water DOC with depth in the sediments was evident, more consistently at the deepest site. While the covariance can be related to biotic processes in these sediments, an alternative interpretation suggests a possible contribution of sorption to the biotic control on sedimentary organic carbon cycling. The steady state diagenetic conditions in which this may occur can be conceivable for some organic-poor deep-sea locations, but direct evidence is clearly required to validate them. 相似文献
17.
At four stations in Tokyo Bay, pore water profiles of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON), phosphorus (DOP), and inorganic nutrients were determined at 3-month intervals over 6 years. Concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and nutrients were significantly higher in pore waters than in the overlying waters. Pore water DOC, DON, and DOP concentrations in the upper most sediment layer (0–1 cm) ranged from 246 to 888 μM, from 14.6 to 75.9 μM, and from 0.02 to 9.83 μM, respectively. Concentrations of DOM and nutrients in pore waters occasionally showed clear seasonal trends and were highest in the summer and lowest in the winter. The seasonal trends in the pore water DOM concentrations were coupled with trends in the overlying water temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration. Benthic effluxes of DON and DOP were low compared with those of inorganic nutrients, accounting for only 1.0 and 1.5 % of the total benthic effluxes of nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively; thus benthic DOM fluxes were quantitatively insignificant to the inorganic nutrient fluxes in Tokyo Bay. The DOM fluxes represented about 7, 3, and 10 % of the riverine discharge of DOC, DON, and DOP to Tokyo Bay, respectively. 相似文献
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Chantal M. Swan David A. Siegel Norman B. Nelson Craig A. Carlson Elora Nasir 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2009,56(12):2175-2192
Recent in situ observations of chromophoric dissolved organic material (CDOM) in the Pacific Ocean reveal the biogeochemical controls on CDOM and indicate predictive potential for open-ocean CDOM in diagnosing particulate organic matter (POM) remineralization rates within ocean basins. Relationships between CDOM and concentrations of dissolved oxygen, nutrients and inorganic carbon in the subthermocline waters of the Pacific reflect the relative influences of water mass ventilation and water-column oxidative remineralization. Apparent in situ oxygen utilization (AOU) accounts for 86% and 61% of variance in CDOM abundance, respectively, in Antarctic Intermediate Water and North Pacific Intermediate Water. In the deep waters of the Pacific below the zone of remineralization, AOU explains 26% of CDOM variability. The AOU–CDOM relationship results from competing biogeochemical and advective processes within the ocean interior. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is not statistically linked to the CDOM or AOU distributions, indicating that the majority of CDOM production occurs during the remineralization of sinking POM and thus potentially provides key information about carbon export. Once formed in the ocean interior, CDOM is relatively stable until it reaches the surface ocean where it is destroyed by solar bleaching. Susceptibility to bleaching confers an additional tracer-like quality for CDOM in water masses with active convection, such as mode waters that appear as subsurface CDOM minima. In the surface ocean, atypically low CDOM abundance highlights a region of unusually extreme oligotrophy: the subtropical South Pacific gyre. For these hyper-oligotrophic waters, the present CDOM observations are consistent with analysis of in situ radiometric observations of light attenuation and reflectance, demonstrating the accuracy of the CDOM spectrophotometric observations. Overall, we illustrate how CDOM abundance in the ocean interior can potentially diagnose rates of thermohaline overturning as they affect regional biogeochemistry and export. We further show how relative surface ocean CDOM abundances are driven in large part by processes occurring in the deep layers of the ocean. This is particularly significant for the interpretation of the global surface distribution of CDOM using satellite remote sensing. 相似文献
19.
The pore water concentrations of dissolved silica in sediment cores from the continental slope offshore from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, varied from 150 to almost 700 μ,M with depth in the top 40 cm of sediment. Sediment cores from 630 to 2010 m depth had very similar profiles of dissolved silica in their pore waters, even though these cores came from regions greatly different in slope, topography, sedimentation rate, and abundance of benthic macrofauna. Cores from 474 to 525 m were more variable, both with respect to pore water dissolved silica profiles, and with respect to sediment texture. Experiments indicate that both the rate of dissolution of silica and the saturation concentration decrease as sediment depth below the sediment-seawater interface increases. These data are consistent with depletion of a reactive silica phase in surface sediment, which may be radiolarian tests, or the alteration of biogenic silica to a less reactive form over time. Experimental results suggest that the pore water dissolved silica concentration in sediments below the top few centimeters may be higher than the sediments could now achieve. The flux of dissolved silica out of these sediments is estimated to be 15 μmoles cm−2 yr−1. 相似文献
20.
1 Indroduction The coastal zone and continental shelf area is an important region in the global biogeochemical cycle of nutrients in the ocean. This portion of the global ocean interacts closely with the continents, atmosphere and the open ocean in a comp… 相似文献