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1.
Zoning patterns of light lithophile elements (the LLE: Li, Be, and B) in pyroxenes of some Martian basaltic meteorites have been used to suggest that the parent basalts were saturated in water and exsolved an aqueous fluid phase. Here, we examine LLE zoning in the augites of a quickly cooled Martian basalt that was not water-saturated—the Northwest Africa (NWA) 817 nakhlite. Analyses for LLE were by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), supported by EMP analyses of major and minor elements. In NWA 817, zoning of Be and B is consistent with igneous fractionations while Li abundances are effectively constant across wide ranges in abundance of other incompatible elements (Be, B, Ti, and Fe*). The lack of strong zoning in Li can be ascribed to intracrystalline diffusion, despite the rapid cooling of NWA 817. Most other nakhlites, notably Nakhla and Lafayette, cooled more slowly than did NWA 817 [Treiman, A.H., 2005. The nakhlite Martian meteorites: augite-rich igneous rock from Mars. Chem. Erde65, 203-270]. In them Li abundances are constant across augite, as are abundances of other elements. In Nakhla pyroxenes, all the LLE have effectively constant abundances across significant ranges in Fe* and Ti abundance. Lafayette is more equilibrated still, and shows constant abundances of LLE and nearly constant Fe*. A pyroxene in the NWA480 shergottite has constant Li abundances, and was interpreted to represent mineral fractionation coupled with exsolution of aqueous fluid. A simple quantitative model of this process requires that the partitioning of Li between basalt and aqueous fluid, LiDaq/bas, be 15 times larger than its experimentally determined value. Thus, its seems unlikely that the Li zoning pattern in NWA480 augite represents exsolution of aqueous fluid. Late igneous or sub-solidus diffusion seems more likely as is suggested by Li isotopic studies [Beck, P., Chaussidon, M., Barrat, J.-A., Gillet, Ph., Bohn, M., 2005. An ion-microprobe study of lithium isotopes behavior in nakhlites. Meteorit. Planet. Sci.40, Abstract #5118; Beck, P., Chaussidon, M., Barrat, J.-A., Gillet, Ph., Bohn, M., 2006. Diffusion induced Li isotopic fractionation during the cooling of magmatic rocks: the case of pyroxene phenocrysts from nakhlite meteorites. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta70, in press]. Pyroxenes of the Shergotty and Zagami meteorites have nearly constant abundances of B, and Li that decreases core-to-rim. Applying the quantitative model to the constant B in these pyroxenes requires that BDaq/bas be 25 times larger than experimentally constrained values. Li abundances in pigeonite can be fit by the model of crystal fractionation and fluid loss, but only if LiDaq/bas is 30 times the experimentally constrained value. The Li abundance pattern in augite cannot be modeled by simple fractionation, suggesting some strong crystal-composition effects. Thus, Li and B distributions in Shergotty and Zagami pyroxenes cannot be explained by igneous fractionation and exsolution of aqueous vapor. Intracrystalline diffusion, complete for B and incomplete for Li, seems more consistent with the observed zoning patterns.  相似文献   

2.
Lithium abundances and isotopic compositions were measured by ion microprobe in individual grains of pyroxene, and in a few maskelynites and Ca-phosphates grains, from the Martian meteorite Northwest Africa 480 (NWA 480).In pyroxenes Li abundances are nearly constant from core to rim with concentrations ranging between 3 and 4 μg/g. In contrast, a significant isotopic zoning is observed with δ7Li values increasing within single crystals from ∼ −17‰ in the core to ∼ +10‰ in the rim, most of the variability being observed in the core. Plagioclase (now maskelynite) and phosphate crystals, which co-crystallized with the pyroxene rims, display similar δ7Li values. Because of the incompatible behavior of Li, the present constancy of Li concentrations within zoned pyroxenes rules out any simple crystallization model in a closed system for Li. The large Li isotopic variations observed within pyroxenes support this conclusion. There is no evidence in support of secondary alteration of NWA 480 to explain the Li isotopic variations, which thus most likely reflect magmatic processes on Mars. Degassing might explain the Li systematics observed in NWA 480 pyroxenes. Because Li has a strong affinity with water-rich fluids, a significant loss of Li from NWA 480 parental melt can happen upon melt emplacement and cooling. Such a Li loss could compensate the effect of crystal fractionation and thus help to maintain constant the Li content of the melt. Li isotopic fractionation is anticipated to accompany this process, 7Li being depleted relative to 6Li in the volatile phase. The magnitude of the isotopic change of the fractionating melts is difficult to predict because it depends on the value of the Li isotopic fractionation and on the amount of Li loss, but at first glance it seems consistent with the increase of δ7Li values observed in NWA 480 pyroxenes with increasing fractionation. The present data suggest that degassing prevailed not only during the crystallization of shergottites like Zagami and Shergotty, but also during the crystallization of the other types of basaltic shergottites.  相似文献   

3.
Northwest Africa 479 (NWA 479) is a lunar meteorite recovered in 2000 from Morocco. This unbrecciated low-Ti basalt is paired with NWA 032. The texture of NWA 032/479 indicates a simple crystallization history and a fast cooling, followed by an impact event. The occurrence of high-pressure polymorphs of olivine (ringwoodite and wadsleyite) in shock-melt veins indicates shock-pressures of at least 20 GPa.Lithium abundances and isotopic compositions were measured by ion microprobe in pyroxene, olivine crystals, and magmatic inclusions. The δ7Li values in the magmatic inclusions indicate that the NWA 479 parental melt was enriched in 7Li (δ7Li = +15‰). The behavior of Li depicted by the phenocrysts is complex and is not controlled by their major element compositions. Li abundances and δ7Li values range respectively from 3.2 to 11.8 μg/g and +2.4 to +15.1‰ in olivine and from 2.8 to 18.4 μg/g and −0.2 to + 16.1‰ in pyroxene phenocrysts. Neither hot desert weathering, closed-system fractional crystallization, involvement of a low-δ7Li reservoir, degassing of NWA 479 parental melt, nor shock metamorphism correctly explain the Li distribution in the phenocrysts. We propose that the wide range of δ7Li values displayed by the phenocrysts results from the large diffusivity differences between 6Li and 7Li. It is shown that this difference is able to produce large isotopic heterogeneities in a very short time.  相似文献   

4.
大别山高压?超高压片麻岩核?边结构锆石成因探讨*   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文
大别山高压?超高压片麻岩中的锆石在阴极发光(CL)显示核?边结构：韵律环带的岩浆锆石核,较强发光的变质边。本文对核?边结构的锆石进行了包裹体、微区U?Pb年龄和微量元素研究。结果表明变质边由两种不同的机制形成：变质重结晶和变质增生。变质重结晶锆石的U?Pb年龄和稀土总量逐渐降低,稀土配分模式不变。变质增生锆石比变质重结晶锆石具有更低Th/U比值,重稀土严重亏损,Eu负异常不明显,低的Nb、Ta含量。  相似文献   

5.
本文以云南会泽铅锌矿为例，从成矿时代、成矿物来源、成矿流体来源和成矿热动力等方面初步讲座主峨眉山玄武岩与铅锌矿床成矿的关系。结果表明：矿床成矿时代可能与峨眉山玄武岩岩浆活动时代相近；峨眉山玄武岩在成矿过程中提供了部分成矿物质；伴随峨眉山玄武岩岩浆活动过程去气作用（包括地幔去气作用和岩浆去气作用）形成的流体参与了会泽铅锌矿成矿流体的形成；峨眉山玄武岩岩浆活动为成矿热动力的主要来源。  相似文献   

6.
Zoning of phosphorus in igneous olivine   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
We describe P zoning in olivines from terrestrial basalts, andesites, dacites, and komatiites and from a martian meteorite. P2O5 contents of olivines vary from below the detection limit (≤0.01 wt%) to 0.2–0.4 wt% over a few microns, with no correlated variations in Fo content. Zoning patterns include P-rich crystal cores with skeletal, hopper, or euhedral shapes; oscillatory zoning; structures suggesting replacement of P-rich zones by P-poor olivine; and sector zoning. Melt inclusions in olivines are usually located near P-rich regions but in direct contact with low-P olivine. Crystallization experiments on basaltic compositions at constant cooling rates (15–30°C/h) reproduce many of these features. We infer that P-rich zones in experimental and natural olivines reflect incorporation of P in excess of equilibrium partitioning during rapid growth, and zoning patterns primarily record crystal-growth-rate variations. Occurrences of high-P phenocryst cores may reflect pulses of rapid crystal growth following delayed nucleation due to undercooling. Most cases of oscillatory zoning in P likely reflect internal factors whereby oscillating growth rates occur without external forcings, but some P zoning in natural olivines may reflect external forcings (e.g., magma mixing events, eruption) that result in variable crystal growth rates and/or P contents in the magma. In experimental and some natural olivines, Al, Cr, and P concentrations are roughly linearly and positively correlated, suggesting coupled substitutions, but in natural phenocrysts, Cr zoning is usually less intense than P zoning, and Al zoning weak to absent. We propose that olivines grow from basic and ultrabasic magmas with correlated zoning in P, Cr, and Al superimposed on normal zoning in Fe/Mg; rapidly diffusing divalent cations homogenize during residence in hot magma; Al and Cr only partially homogenize; and delicate P zoning is preserved because P diffuses very slowly. This interpretation is consistent with the fact that zoning is largely preserved not only in P but also in Al, Cr, and divalent cations in olivines with short residence times at high temperature (e.g., experimentally grown olivines, komatiitic olivines, groundmass olivines, and the rims of olivine phenocrysts grown during eruption). P zoning is widespread in magmatic olivine, revealing details of crystal growth and intra-crystal stratigraphy in what otherwise appear to be relatively featureless crystals. Since it is preserved in early-formed olivines with prolonged residence times in magmas at high temperatures, P zoning has promise as an archive of information about an otherwise largely inaccessible stage of a magma’s history. Study of such features should be a valuable supplement to routine petrographic investigations of basic and ultrabasic rocks, especially because these features can be observed with standard electron microprobe techniques.  相似文献   

7.
The eclogites of the Tso Morari Complex, Ladakh, NW Himalayas preserve both garnets with spectacular atoll textures, as well as whole porphyroblastic garnets. Whole garnets are euhedral, idiomorphic and enclose inclusions of amphibole, phengite and zoisite within the cores, and omphacite and quartz/coesite towards the rims. Detailed electron microprobe analyses and back-scattered electron images show well-preserved prograde zoning in the whole garnets with an increase in Mg and decrease in Ca and Mn contents from the core to the rim. The atoll garnets commonly consist of euhedral ring over island/peninsular core containing inclusions of phengite, omphacite and rarely amphibole between the core and ring. Compositional profiles across the studied atoll grains show elemental variations with higher concentrations of Ca and Mn with low Mg at the peninsula/island cores; contrary to this low Ca, Mn and high Mg is observed at the outer rings. Temperature estimates yield higher values at the Mg-rich atoll garnet outer rings compared to the atoll cores. Atoll garnet formation was favoured by infiltration of fluid formed due to breakdown of hydrous phases, and/or the release of structurally bounded OH from nominally anhydrous minerals at the onset of exhumation. Infiltration of fluids along pre-existing fracture pathways and along mineral inclusion boundaries triggered breakdown of the original garnet cores and released elements which were subsequently incorporated into the newly-grown garnet rings. This breakdown of garnet cores and inward re-growth at the outer ring produced the atoll structure. Calibrated geo-thermobarometers and mineral equilibria reflect that the Tso Morari eclogites attain peak pressures prior to peak temperatures representing a clockwise path of evolution.  相似文献   

8.
南大西洋中脊的26°S热液区广泛发育多金属硫化物、底泥、枕状熔岩、非活动性烟囱体和活动性烟囱体。为了有效探索硫、铜等成矿物质的来源以及成矿作用过程,分别以玄武岩、烟囱体残片及块状多金属硫化物为研究对象,开展了熔融包裹体、硫同位素和铜同位素研究。结果显示：区内玄武岩新鲜未蚀变且斑晶中产出大量熔融包裹体;熔融包裹体气泡壁附着黄铜矿、黄铁矿及磁铁矿等子矿物,说明在岩浆作用过程中可从熔浆中分离出成矿所需的金属元素和硫,这些成矿元素随着岩浆去气作用进入挥发分中,并随着脱气作用迁移出来。通过对烟囱体残片及块状多金属硫化物中黄铁矿的硫同位素组成进行比对分析,发现26°S热液区内硫化物的硫同位素与大西洋各热液区硫化物的硫同位素变化范围相一致,但δ34SV-CDT值略低（3.0‰~3.9‰）。低的δ34SV-CDT值指示硫以岩浆硫源为主,海水硫酸盐还原硫占比低。黄铜矿呈现略微富铜重同位素特征且分馏程度较低,其δ65Cu值（0.171‰~0.477‰）趋近于大洋中脊玄武岩的铜同位素值（0）。综合硫同位素及铜同位素特征,表明热液流体经历了岩浆和海水的混合过程,成矿物质主要来自于岩浆热液,成矿作用过程中可能有少量海水混入。  相似文献   

9.
矿物环带结构是岩浆过程的良好记录,而矿物温压计可以定量计算岩浆的物理化学条件。该次研究对邯邢地区中生代侵入岩中两个浅成侵入体中典型的斜长石斑晶进行了电子探针和LA-ICP-MS元素面扫描,同时对其中不同成因的角闪石晶体进行了电子探针分析和物理化学条件计算。通过研究发现这两个样品中的斜长石斑晶属于循环晶。辉石闪长玢岩中的斜长石斑晶主要成分为更长石,而斑状石英二长岩中斜长石斑晶主要成分为中长石和拉长石。两者具有明显不同的环带结构,分别记录了不同的岩浆混合过程:前者记录了基性岩浆多次注入酸性岩浆房,并最终获得体积优势;后者记录了少量基性岩浆注入酸性岩浆房内,两者不断混合,形成均质化岩浆的过程。Fe元素从斜长石中心到边部有富集的趋势,表明岩浆最终向富铁的方向演化。角闪石温压计的计算结果表明,辉石闪长玢岩的岩浆房深度在5.5 km左右,温度大约为850 ℃,氧逸度大约为ΔNNO+1,熔体中的含水量大约为4.0%,其最终侵位于2.1 km的地壳深度。而斑状石英二长岩最终定位于2.0 km的地壳深度,角闪石结晶的平均温度为737 ℃,相对氧逸度为ΔNNO+1.2,熔体含水量为3.9%。  相似文献   

10.
Samples from several stratigraphic levels in the Miocene volcanicsuccession on Lesbos, Greece, contain complexly zoned clinopyroxeneand feldspar phenocrysts. Electron microprobe analyses havebeen made of zoned clinopyroxenes and feldspars, and their inclusions;and phenocryst mineralogy is compared with host-rock chemicalcomposition. The commonest pyroxene zoning sequence is coresof greenish salite or augite mantled by diopside which, in turn,may be rimmed by augite, with each type of pyroxene in opticaland chemical discontinuity with the next. None of the pyroxeneshas high pressure characteristics. The Ts content of phenocrystcores is correlated with the K-content of the host rock; andthe most diopsidic overgrowths also occur in the most K-richrocks. Augite rims occur only in Al-rich rocks. Most of the features of the pyroxenes can be accounted for bya hypothetical fractional crystallization scheme. However, twoobservations suggest that mixing of small magma batches mayalso be important. The earliest crystallized diopsides thatrim salite are rich in Cr2O3, suggesting precipitation froman unfractionated magma. Anorthoclase (implying advanced crystallizationof feldspars) occurs as cores to feldspar phenocrysts and asinclusions in clinopyroxene cores in several samples.  相似文献   

11.
We report on the petrography and geochemistry of the newly discovered olivine-phyric shergottite Larkman Nunatak (LAR) 06319. The meteorite is porphyritic, consisting of megacrysts of olivine (?2.5 mm in length, Fo77-52) and prismatic zoned pyroxene crystals with Wo3En71 in the cores to Wo8-30En23-45 at the rims. The groundmass is composed of finer grained olivine (<0.25 mm, Fo62-46), Fe-rich augite and pigeonite, maskelynite and minor quantities of chromite, ulvöspinel, magnetite, ilmenite, phosphates, sulfides and glass. Oxygen fugacity estimates, derived from the olivine-pyroxene-spinel geo-barometer, indicate that LAR 06319 formed under more oxidizing conditions (QFM -1.7) than for depleted shergottites. The whole-rock composition of LAR 06319 is also enriched in incompatible trace elements relative to depleted shergottites, with a trace-element pattern that is nearly identical to that of olivine-phyric shergottite NWA 1068. The oxygen isotope composition of LAR 06319 (Δ17O = 0.29 ±0.03) confirms its martian origin.Olivine megacrysts in LAR 06319 are phenocrystic, with the most Mg-rich megacryst olivine being close to equilibrium with the bulk rock. A notable feature of LAR 06319 is that its olivine megacryst grains contain abundant melt inclusions hosted within the forsterite cores. These early-trapped melt inclusions have similar trace element abundances and patterns to that of the whole-rock, providing powerful evidence for closed-system magmatic behavior for LAR 06319. Calculation of the parental melt trace element composition indicates a whole-rock composition for LAR 06319 that was controlled by pigeonite and augite during the earliest stages of crystallization and by apatite in the latest stages. Crystal size distribution and spatial distribution pattern analyses of olivine indicate at least two different crystal populations. This is most simply interpreted as crystallization of megacryst olivine in magma conduits, followed by eruption and subsequent crystallization of groundmass olivine.LAR 06319 shows close affinity in mineral and whole-rock chemistry to olivine-phyric shergottite, NWA 1068 and the basaltic shergottite NWA 4468. The remarkable features of these meteorites are that they have relatively similar quantities of mafic minerals compared with olivine-phyric shergottites (e.g., Y-980459, Dho 019), but flat and elevated rare earth element patterns more consistent with the LREE-enriched basaltic shergottites (e.g., Shergotty, Los Angeles). This relationship can be interpreted as arising from partial melting of an enriched mantle source and subsequent crystal-liquid fractionation to form the enriched olivine-phyric and basaltic shergottites, or by assimilation of incompatible-element enriched martian crust. The similarity in the composition of early-trapped melt inclusions and the whole-rock for LAR 06319 indicates that any crustal assimilation must have occurred prior to crystallization of megacryst olivine, restricting such processes to the deeper portions of the crust. Thus, we favor LAR06319 forming from partial melting of an “enriched” and oxidized mantle reservoir, with fractional crystallization of the parent melt upon leaving the mantle.  相似文献   

12.
High-temperature–pressure experiments were carried outto determine the chlorine–hydroxyl exchange partitioncoefficient between hornblende and melt in the 1992 Unzen dacite.Cl in hornblende and melt was analyzed by electron microprobe,whereas OH in hornblende and melt was calculated assuming anionstoichiometry of hornblende and utilizing the dissociation reactionconstant for H2O + O = 2(OH) in water-saturated melt, respectively.The partition coefficient strongly depends on the Mg/(Mg + Fe)ratio of hornblende, and is expressed as ln K1 = (Cl/OH)hb/(Cl/OH)melt= 2·37 – 4·6[Mg/(Mg + Fe)]hb at 2–3kbar and 800–850°C. The twofold variation in Cl contentin the oscillatory zoned cores of hornblende phenocrysts inthe 1991–1995 dacite cannot be explained by the dependenceof the Cl/OH partition coefficient on the Mg/(Mg + Fe)hb ratio,and requires c. 80% variation of the Cl/OH ratio of the coexistingmelt. Available experimental data at 200 MPa on Cl/OH fractionationbetween fluid and melt suggest that c. 1·2–1·8wt % degassing of water from the magma can explain the required80% variation in the Cl/OH ratio of the melt. The negative correlationbetween Al content and Mg/(Mg + Fe) ratio in the oscillatoryzoned cores of the hornblende phenocrysts is consistent withrepeated influx and convective degassing of the fluid phasein the magma chamber. KEY WORDS: chlorine; element partitioning; hornblende; oscillatory zoning; Unzen volcano  相似文献   

13.
Ion-microprobe was used to measure Li abundances and isotopic compositions in pyroxenes from three Martian meteorites belonging to the nakhlite family. The profiles performed across augite crystals from Northwest Africa 817 show a large isotopic zoning from crystal cores (δ7Li ∼ 0‰) to rims (δ7Li ∼ +20‰) while Li abundances are almost constant (∼9.2 μg/g). Unlike NWA 817, the pyroxene studied in the Miller Range 03346 nakhlite shows a zoning in Li abundance, with concentrations increasing from ∼2.5 μg/g in the core to ∼9 μg/g in the rim. The augite rim (δ7Li = +7‰) is slightly enriched in 7Li with regard to the core (δ7Li = +4‰), but most of the isotopic variations observed occur at an intermediate position along the profile, where δ7Li falls down to ∼−11‰. In the case of Nakhla, Li concentrations in augite increase from cores (∼3.5 μg/g) to rims (∼6.5 μg/g), while the δ7Li variation is restricted (i.e., between δ7Li = +6.0 and +12.6‰). For the three meteorites the Li abundances were also measured in the groundmass, which was found to be enriched in lithium (∼10 μg/g). Conventional magmatic and post-magmatic processes such as alteration and fractional crystallization, fail to explain the dataset obtained on nakhlites. Degassing processes, which were previously proposed to explain the Li distribution in shergottite crystals, cannot result in the strong decoupling between Li abundances and isotopic composition observed in nakhlites. We suggest that the original magmatic Li distributions (concentrations and isotopic compositions) in nakhlites have been modified by diffusion of Li from the Li-rich groundmass towards the pyroxene crystals during sub-solidus cooling. Diffusion appears to have been efficient for NWA 817 and MIL 03346 but, apparently, did not produce a significant migration of Li in Nakhla, possibly because of the lower abundance of groundmass in the latter. Diffusion induced Li redistributions may also affect terrestrial porphyric rocks but very specific cooling rates are required to quench the diffusion profiles as observed in two of the present nakhlites.  相似文献   

14.
The geochemistry of zircons from autochthonous granite gneiss (Lc1) anatectic (Lc3–4) and injection (Lc5) leucosomes has been studied. Neoarchean prismatic zircon grains with cores that reveal oscillatory zoning and are overgrown by a couple of rims have been seen to occur in Lc3–4. The prismatic grains are occasionally modified into isometric grains with block structure by Paleoproterozoic secondary alteration, which is accompanied by the depletion in HREE, Y, Nb, U; enrichment in Ti, Li, LREE; increasing Th: U ratio and Ce anomaly; and decreasing Eu anomaly. The Paleoproterozoic alteration is related to the low-temperature amphibolite-facies metamorphism followed by partial melting. The Neoarchean prismatic zircons were formed under the conditions of high-temperature amphibolite-facies ultrametamorphism at a temperature of ～700°C. Judging by the higher Ce/Ce* ratio, the metamorphic rounded zircons were formed at a higher oxygen fugacity as compared with ultrametamorphic zircons from Lc1 and Lc3–4. Specific variation trends of trace element concentrations in prismatic L1 and L3–4 zircons, occasionally with opposite directions, emphasize their different origin. The former are products of metasomatic granitization completed by selective melting with appearance of dispersed melt drops, while the latter are products of anatexis in the open system and by lit-par-lit migmatization. Prismatic zircons L5 are characterized by rhythmic zoning in the core surrounded by rims. The concordant U-Pb age of rims is 129 Ma; the 206Pb/238U age of cores varies from 2213 to 147 Ma. The appreciable enrichment (by a factor of 2–13) of zircons in all minor elements from the core to the rims is caused by the effect of residual postmagmatic fluid, which not only altered zircons, but also facilitated the recrystallization of granite into a pegmatoid variety.  相似文献   

15.
Li, Be, B and δ7Li SIMS analyses of plagioclase phenocrysts from the 1040–1941 Niki dacite lava (Nea Kameni, Santorini, Greece) exhibit varied processes. From their anorthite contents alone, the crystals may be segregated into four main types: type-N shows the normal decline in An during crystallisation (An62–40); type-O has only oscillatory zoning accompanied by resorption surfaces (An58–39); type-C is complex with high-An cores (subtype C1: An64–58, subtype C2: An88–73) and normal rims (An55–42). Type-A plagioclase with high An content (An92–82) is found within mafic enclaves. On the basis of their Li concentrations, type-O crystals may be subdivided into subtype O1 with flat Li concentration profiles and subtype O2 with decreasing Li concentration from core to rim. The concentrations of Be and B of all four types show a negative correlation with anorthite content (An), but Li concentration profiles differ amongst the different plagioclase types. Types N and O1, and the cores of type-C, are equilibrated in Li concentration. Types O2 and A, and the mantles of type-C display an initial enrichment in Li, probably from volatile influx into the melt. Consistent with the propensity towards equilibrium with the melt, these crystals display dramatic rim-ward declines in Li concentration. All analysed plagioclase crystals, except for the xenocrystic type-A, have nearly the same Li, Be and B concentrations at their rims. These coincide with the composition of plagioclase microlites in the groundmass, thereby affording estimates of plagioclase-melt partitioning for the light elements: K Li = 0.19–0.28, K Be = 0.24–0.38 and K B = 0.007–0.009. δ7Li profiles in type-O2 and type-A phenocrysts manifest an unmistakable inverse relation to Li concentration, with variations of up to ~39 ‰, revealing preferential kinetic diffusion. This may have been driven by Li loss from the melt, most likely through degassing during decompression, perhaps in the course of magma ascent to subsequent eruption. Considering the rapid diffusion of Li in plagioclase, in situ phenocryst analyses may yield useful information about processes leading up to, or even causing, eruptions.  相似文献   

16.
Some garnet peridotite nodules from The Thumb, a minette neck on the Colorado Plateau in the southwestern United States, contain zoned minerals. Zoning does not exceed 1.5 wt.% for any oxide, but some relative changes are large: in one garnet TiO2 and Cr2O3 ranges are 0.05–0.65 and 3.5–5.0 wt.%, respectively. In two porphyroclastic nodules, garnet rims are depleted in Mg and enriched in Fe, Ti, and Na compared to cores, and one garnet is irregularly zoned in Ti and Cr. Olivine crystals in these rocks are unzoned, and pyroxene zoning is slight, yet matrix olivine and pyroxene contain more Fe and Ti and less Mg and Cr than inclusions of these phases in garnet. In three coarse nodules, garnet rims are Ti-rich compared to cores, and Ca, Fe, Mg, and Cr zoning patterns are complex. Several nodules appear to have partially equilibrated near 1200° C and 35 kb, and under these conditions cation mobility in pyroxene was greater than in garnet. The zoning partly reflects Fe and Ti metasomatism in the mantle. Calculations indicate that Fe-Mg gradients in garnet could have persisted for only a short time in the mantle, perhaps thousands of years or less, so the metasomatism occurred shortly before eruption. The minette host, a likely source of the Fe and Ti, is rich in light rare earth elements: since the nodules are much poorer in these elements, little or no infiltrated minette was trapped in them. Diffusion is a possible mechanism for nodule metasomatism. Some fertile peridotite nodules from kimberlites may have been affected by similar events. Compositional differences between inclusions in garnet and matrix phases are intriguingly similar to some of the differences between most peridotite inclusions in diamonds and common lherzolite phases.  相似文献   

17.
Aggregates of polycrystalline grains of amphibole (clots) occur widely in the granodiorites of the Strontian pluton, Scotland. These clots are complex structures with numerous small grains in the interior exhibiting zonation from actinolite cores to hornblende rims. Amphiboles in the outer parts of these clots are indistinguishable from hornblendes that have crystallised from the melt. A rare‐earth element (REE) study of individual amphibole and pyroxene grains using an ion microprobe has also shown a marked difference in REE abundances, with clots generally being depleted in their interiors. Modelling of the compositions shows that the clots are consistent with being derived from pyroxene + plagioclase ± amphibole precursors. These granular precursors are recognised as being consistent with the residual crystalline material encountered in dehydration melting experiments of amphibolitic starting materials. It is suggested that these features could represent restite in I‐type granodiorites and tonalites. Extensive, but incomplete equilibration of the clot material provides an explanation for the infrequent identification of restite (other than grain cores) in I‐type granites, in marked contrast with S‐types.  相似文献   

18.
Miarolitic granite pegmatites are a unique natural object that makes it possible to study magmatic processes that lead to the formation of ore-forming media and systems. This paper summarizes modern views on phase transformations in aqueous silicate systems at parameters close to those of the transition from magmatic to hydrothermal crystallization. Comparison of phase diagrams and the results of study of pegmatite-forming media permits making conclusions about the crystallization of the water-saturated magmas of miarolitic granite pegmatites. The fluid regime of aqueous granite systems of simple composition, not enriched in fluxing components, is determined mainly by magma degassing or the supply of volatiles with flows of transmagmatic fluids. These processes cause the separation of essentially carbon dioxide or essentially hydrous fluid. During the evolution of such magmas, crystallization from silicate melt is separated in PT-space and, possibly, in time from the crystallization from aqueous or mixed carbon dioxide-aqueous super- and subcritical solutions. The evolution of chambers of water-saturated granitic and pegmatitic magma enriched in F, B, and alkali metals presupposes the formation of a heterogeneous mineral-forming medium in which crystallization occurs in the magmatic melt at high-temperature stages; as temperature decreases, crystallization can proceed in hydrous fluid, hydrosilicate, and/or hydrosaline liquids simultaneously. Hydrothermal crystallization can also take place in a heterogeneous medium consisting of aqueous solutions of different salinities and vapor or vapor-carbon dioxide gas mixture. The relationship between different fluid regimes during the evolution of volatile-saturated granitic and pegmatitic magmas determines the variety of postmagmatic rocks accompanying granite massifs.  相似文献   

19.
U–Th–Pb monazite dating by electron microprobe has been applied to three peraluminous granitic intrusions of the western Montes de Toledo batholith (MTB). Back scattered electron images of monazite crystals reveal a variety of internal textures: patchy zoning, overgrowths around older cores and unzoned crystals. On the basis of their zoning pattern and chemical composition, two monazite domains can be distinguished: (1) corroded cores and crystals with patchy zoning, exhibiting relatively constant Th/U ratios and broadly older ages, and (2) unzoned grains and monazite rims, with variable Th/U ratios and younger ages. The first monazite group represents inherited domains from metamorphic sources, which accounts for pre‐magmatic monazite growth events. Two average ages from Torrico and Belvís de Monroy granites (333 ± 18 and 333 ± 5 Ma, respectively) relate these cores to a Viséan extensional deformation phase. The second group represents igneous monazites which have provided the following crystallization ages for the host granite: 298 ± 11 Ma (Villar del Pedroso), 303 ± 6 Ma (Torrico) and 314 ± 3 Ma (Belvís de Monroy). Two main magmatic pulses, the first about 314 Ma and the second at the end of the Carboniferous (303–298 Ma), might be envisaged in the western MTB. While Belvís de Monroy leucogranite is likely a syn‐ to late‐tectonic intrusion, the Villar del Pedroso and Torrico plutons represent post‐tectonic magmas with emplacement ages similar to those of equivalent intrusions from nearby Variscan magmatic sectors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

20.
Amphibolite layers of the Hamedan area (Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, west Iran) contain amphibole crystals with strong optical zoning. These amphibolites occur as interlayers in middle Jurassic, Buchan-type andalusite-garnet-staurolite and sillimanite-garnet-andalusite schist of the area that were intruded by late Jurassic magmatic bodies of the Alvand plutonic complex. Electron microprobe analyses results show that the zoned amphiboles have ferrohornblende cores that change to ferroedenite toward the rims. The core-to rim increase of Al, Fe, Na, and K and decrease of Si and Mg along with edenitic substitution in amphiboles is consistent with increase in metamorphic grade. Thermobarometry calculations based on amphibole composition and hornblende-plagioclase thermometry provided 492 to 508 o C and 4.3 to 4.9 kbar for the inner cores, 495 to 514 o C and 4.5 to 5.1 kbar for the outer cores, 538 to 564 o C and 5.3 to 5.8 kbar for the inner rims and 552 to 573 o C and 5.5 to 5.9 kbar for the outer rims, respectively. These results point to a nearly isobaric prograde P-T path for the Hamedan area amphibolites, compatible with a metamorphic evolution dominated by the thermal perturbation associated with the late Jurassic magmatism of the northern Sanandaj-Sirjan zone.  相似文献   

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