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1.
赵军  赵凯  张金宇 《沉积学报》2022,40(3):801-812
基于米兰科维奇天文旋回理论在三角洲前缘开展砂岩组和单层级别的油层对比研究,频谱分析和小波变换揭示萨尔图油层Ⅲ油层组存在米兰科维奇天文旋回,可识别出比值接近5∶2∶1的3个旋回厚度,分别对应于偏心率100 ka、斜率40 ka和岁差20 ka周期,推测地层在沉积时受到米兰科维奇天文轨道周期性变化的影响。根据岁差20 ka周期带通滤波(BPF)和堆积速率变化特征,将萨尔图油层Ⅲ油层组划分为9个砂岩组和20个单层。研究表明,岁差20 ka周期调控气候波动的机制与超短期基准面升降变化之间存在着一定的协调作用,利用米兰科维奇天文旋回划分出的单层具有严格的等时性。20个单层砂体的展布特征表明,萨尔图油层Ⅲ油层组经历了多期水进—水退事件,与砂岩组的划分具有较好的对应关系。  相似文献   

2.
选择黔西地区盘1井、威宁1井、纳雍1井和织金1井,对长兴组自然伽马测井数据进行频谱分析,识别出其中的米兰科维奇周期,并采用滤波手段提取出其中的稳定周期,进行连井对比。结果表明频谱峰值与米兰科维奇周期存在良好的对应关系,研究区长兴组地层中保存着123. 0 ka的偏心率周期、45. 0 ka和35. 6 ka的斜率周期、21. 2 ka和17. 7 ka的岁差周期,各级周期的旋回厚度分别为4. 59~5. 73 m、1. 37~2. 15 m和0. 66~0. 98 m;各井的短偏心率旋回曲线显示研究区长兴组地层记录了约18个短偏心率旋回,据此估计出长兴组沉积时限约为2. 21 Ma;通过短偏心率旋回层和所计算沉积速率的连井对比,发现地层中海相标志岩层段等时性对比效果明显,反映了区域快速海侵的过程,而沉积速率的变化可能受到了海平面变化和物源供应的共同影响。  相似文献   

3.
依据米兰科维奇理论识别划分旋回,是对传统层序地层学的有力补充,具备高等时约束性,可实现高分辨率旋回识别与高精度等时地层格架的建立。莫索湾地区是准噶尔盆地油气勘探的有利区域之一,其中三工河组一段发育了有效的、成规模的致密气储集层。利用自然伽马测井数据,通过频谱分析等方法,对研究区目标层位进行了米兰科维奇信号识别与旋回划分。以405 ka周期滤波曲线作为基准,借助三工河组底界地质年龄,建立了浮动天文标尺。研究表明,三工河组一段存在米兰科维奇旋回。短期偏心率125 ka周期控制厚度约为29.73 m的旋回;斜率54 ka周期控制厚度约为12.47 m的旋回;岁差24 ka周期控制厚度约为5.62 m的旋回。三工河组一段地质年龄为189.951~190.800 Ma,共识别出了7个短期基准面旋回,由此划分出了7个五级层序,沉积速率从下到上,虽呈现出"减小-增大-持续减小-持续增大"的趋势,但整体变化不大;发育了B1、B2、C1三种类型的短期基准面旋回。  相似文献   

4.
现代泥炭地中蕴藏着巨量的碳,泥炭地生产力的高低会影响全球碳循环及全球气候变化。前人对全新世以来泥炭地生产力做了大量研究,但对前第四纪的“深时”阶段的泥炭地生产力则极少涉及,其主要原因是缺少精确的定年方法。以二连盆地吉尔嘎郎图凹陷早白垩世6号煤为例,利用地球物理测井信号进行频谱分析并获得煤层中米兰科维奇旋回周期参数(123 ka(偏心率):38.1 ka(斜率):22.1 ka(岁差)),将米兰科维奇旋回作为“深时”地层时间的“度量”工具,计算出6号煤层碳的聚集速率为35.1~38.9 g C/(m2·a),进一步推算出其所代表的泥炭地的碳聚集速率为46.2~51.2 g C/(m2·a),净初级生产力(NPP)为231~256 g C/(m2·a)。将该计算结果与全新世同一纬度带泥炭地生产力水平比较,并结合前人研究成果综合分析影响因素,得出早白垩世泥炭地生产力水平主要受温度和大气中二氧化碳含量控制,而这两种因素又与气候相关联,则泥炭地生产力的研究可能对进一步了解古气候提供帮助。  相似文献   

5.
松辽盆地东岭地区泉头组高频沉积旋回的叠加型式分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
根据自然伽马测井曲线计算的旋回厚度,采用Fischer图解识别高频旋回的叠加型式,试图揭示湖相沉积中GR测井曲线反映的泥质含量波动与气候旋回的关系。选择松辽盆地东岭地区顶底清楚,地层连续的SN109井泉头组测井曲线中作为实验数据,根据极值点法共识别出1166个高频沉积旋回,旋回厚度变化于0.25~2.75 m之间,旋回平均厚度为0.62 m;根据Fischer图解,估算高频旋回的平均周期为17.2 ka,中频旋回周期在86.1~103.3 ka之间,低频旋回周期在305~416 ka之间,分别与米兰科维奇旋回岁差周期19~24 ka,轴斜率周期85~140 ka,偏心率周期350~400 ka存在着对应关系,说明SN109井泉头组湖相沉积旋回的形成受米兰科维奇气候旋回机制的控制。  相似文献   

6.
针对应用常规方法进行高频层序划分和对比容易受人为因素影响,所建立的高级别层序地层格架具有多解性等问题,本文引入天文地层学中气候旋回受天文周期驱动的理论,选择涠西南凹陷WZ11-4N油田4口钻井中的流一段地层为研究对象,进行米兰科维奇旋回特征分析。对自然伽马数据进行频谱分析的结果显示,在不同钻井中,流一段地层主要受偏心率周期(401ka、125 ka和95 ka)控制。对该周期滤波分析后,选择控制流一段发育的主要米兰科维奇周期曲线,建立了该区的高分辨率天文年代标尺。最后以偏心率125 ka周期曲线作为6级层序划分的参考曲线,对流一段层序进行高频旋回地层划分与对比。在此基础上,最终实现高频地层格架下沉积相的精细对比。  相似文献   

7.
松科1井南孔钻探是973项目"白垩纪地球表层系统重大地质事件与温室气候变化"的重要组成部分,是中国大陆第一口以白垩系地层为主的全取心科学探井。松科1井南孔取心段是从嫩二段底部-泉三段顶部,根据颜色、岩性岩相将此套地层划分成862个米级旋回。米级旋回可以识别出正粒序旋回、反粒序旋回和非粒序旋回3种类型,其中正粒序旋回包括6种亚类型,反粒序旋回包括7种亚类型,非粒序旋回包括3种亚类型。根据Fischer图解分析将米级旋回归并为更高级的2个级别旋回,分别是5级旋回和4级旋回。同位素年龄的旋回周期估算显示,米级旋回周期在22.9~29.8ka之间,5级旋回周期在75.0~104.7ka之间,4级旋回周期在225.0~460.0ka之间,分别与米兰科维奇岁差周期19~24ka、偏心率短周期85~140ka和偏心率长周期350~400ka存在着对应关系,说明松科1井南孔旋回地层的形成受米兰科维奇旋回的控制。松科1井沉积旋回的米兰科维奇周期的确定有助于揭示白垩纪的气候变化。  相似文献   

8.
利用米兰科维奇旋回划分柴达木盆地第四系层序地层   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
对柴达木盆地第四系自然伽马测井曲线的频谱分析结果表明, 地层中保存着厚度稳定的地层旋回.按柴达木盆地第四纪沉积速率0.87~0.90 m/ka计算,地层中保存的地层旋回厚度在厚度比值和沉积时间周期上都与米兰科维奇旋回周期一致,且主要受控于米兰科维奇旋回中的地轴倾斜度周期, 其引起的地层旋回厚度变化范围为25.0~36.1 m.据此采用Fischer图解法, 求取其可容纳空间变化曲线,以指导层序地层的正确划分.  相似文献   

9.
北黄海东部坳陷始新统米兰科维奇旋回特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
吴淑玉  刘俊 《地球科学》2015,40(11):1933-1944
米兰科维奇旋回是记录在沉积地层中的表现形式, 其代表的时间涵义是进行高分辨率地层划分和对比的有效手段, 从地层中揭示的米兰科维奇旋回, 可以完善地层学尤其是旋回地层学理论.以北黄海东部坳陷为研究对象, 根据J. Laskar的解决方案计算出该区始新统的米兰科维奇旋回周期为: 125 ka和99 ka的偏心率周期, 51 ka和39 ka的地轴斜率周期, 23 ka和19 ka的岁差周期.通过对3口井的GR(自然伽马)和SP(自然电位)测井曲线进行频谱分析, 发现其频谱峰值与天文周期存在着良好的对应关系, 因此可以判定该区域地层中保存着完好的米兰科维奇沉积旋回.地层旋回厚度存在13.03~15.89 m的长周期、3.70~5.21 m的中周期和2.17~2.94 m的短周期, 并由此计算地层的沉积速率为121.20~127.12 m/Ma.从隆起沿着斜坡往湖盆中心, 沉积持续时间越长且沉积厚度也越厚, 但沉积速率相对稳定.通过连续小波变换对始新统地层进行小层划分, 划分出6期沉积体, 以每个沉积体为独立窗口进行频谱分析计算出沉积的持续时间和速率, 从气候变化的影响分析每个阶段的沉积环境.从下往上层序地层E6期为低水位体系域, E5和E4为湖泊扩张体系域, E3为高位体系域, E2和E1为湖泊收缩体系域.以上方法可以证明米兰科维奇进行沉积旋回分析是一种有效的方法.   相似文献   

10.
目前,柴达木盆地米兰科维奇旋回研究普遍基于山前浅水沉积相地层进行讨论,而深水相地层中是否有记录米兰科维奇旋回特征有待探讨。本次研究通过对开2井上干柴沟组(N1)和下干柴沟组上段(E32)自然伽马测井曲线进行频谱分析和滤波分析,探讨了盆地西部开特米里克地区深湖相地层的米兰科维奇沉积旋回特征。结果显示,该地区上干柴沟组(N1)和下干柴沟组(E32)地层旋回周期与米兰科维奇地球轨道周期参数具有良好的对应性,说明天文轨道周期旋回对该地区地层沉积具有显著影响。在此基础上,结合Fischer图解及地层岩性特征,确定了干柴沟组上、下界线附近(约38.1~32.8 Ma)湖平面经历了一次相对长周期的升降变化。下干柴沟组上段处于湖平面上升阶段,主要受米氏旋回中的偏心率周期控制,气候相对温暖湿润,对应湖平面高位期。上干柴沟组处于湖平面下降阶段,主要受米氏旋回中的轴斜率周期控制,气候相对寒冷干旱,对应湖平面低位期。  相似文献   

11.
遥感技术根据植被光谱特征可以有效地估算植被的净初级生产力(NPP).利用遥感数据估算植被NPP,是近10年来NPP的模型研究和估算方法最为突出的特点.文章借鉴了CASA,GLO-PEM,VPM等光能利用率NPP模型的优点,同时充分考虑了研究区域其植被光能利用率和环境因素的典型特点,建立了针对研究区域基于光能利用率原理的...  相似文献   

12.
广西东南部钦防海槽地区晚古生代硅质岩十分发育。对硅质岩主量元素、微量元素及稀土元素的分析结果表明:该区晚古生代硅质岩含有较高的SiO2,硅化程度较高;除上泥盆统弗拉斯阶及下石炭统硅质岩具有较低的Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值(0.14~0.24;0.07~0.81)及较高的U/Th值(0.34~5.09;0.16~10.1)外,其他层位硅质岩具有较高的Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值(0.4~0.95)及较低的U/Th值(0.1~2.1);上泥盆统硅质岩稀土元素比值Ce/Ce*、LaN/YbN及LaN/CeN值分别为0.78~1.08、0.4~1.52和0.88~1.35,而下石炭统硅质岩具有较低的Ce/Ce*值(0.55~0.91)、LaN/YbN值(0.12~1.8)及较高的 LaN/CeN值(1.12~1.79),中下二叠统硅质岩Ce/Ce*、LaN/YbN及LaN/CeN值分别为1.01~1.62、0.72~2.71和0.62~1.9。钦防海槽晚古生代硅质岩地球化学特征表明:晚泥盆世钦防海槽发生扩张,热液活动比较强烈,处于大陆边缘海环境;早石炭世钦防海槽再次发生扩张,热液活动强烈,硅质岩形成于远离陆源的深海海盆环境;早中二叠世,钦防海槽逐渐收缩,海水变浅。钦防海槽晚古生代并没有出现真正的洋壳,可能属于晚古生代古特提斯分支洋盆的一个坳拉槽盆地。  相似文献   

13.
Spectrogram analysis of seven natural gamma-ray logging of Member 1 of the Qingshankou Formation (K2qn1) and Member 1 and 2 of the Nenjiang Formation (K2n1-2) of Late Cretaceous age in the Songliao Basin reveals sedimentary cyclicities controlled by Milankovitch climate periodicities. The recognition of Milankovitch cycles allows estimation of an average accumulation rate of ~7.55–8.62 cm/ka for the K2qn1 sections, and ~6.69–10.16 cm/ka for the K2n1-2 sections. Two marine transgression events occurred during the deposition of K2qn1 and K2n1-2 and their ages are at ~0.74–1.10 Ma and ~2.38–4.84 Ma, respectively. Identification of Milankovitch cycles from fine-grained deep lake sedimentary rocks in the Songliao Basin may provide great potential for high-resolution stratigraphic subdivisions and correlations.  相似文献   

14.
The Dniepr–Donets Basin (DDB) is a Late Devonian rift structure located within the East-European Craton. Numerical heat flow models for 13 wells calibrated with new maturity data were used to evaluate temporal and lateral heat flow variations in the northwestern part of the basin.The numerical models suggest that heat flow was relatively high during Late Carboniferous and/or Permian times. The relatively high heat flow is probably related to an Early Permian re-activation of tectonic activity. Reconstructed Early Permian heat flow values along the axial zone of the rift are about 60 mW/m2 and increase to 90 mW/m2 along the northern basin margin. These values are higher than those expected from tectonic models considering a single Late Devonian rifting phase. The calibration data are not sensitive to variations in the Devonian/Carboniferous heat flow. Therefore, the models do not allow deciding whether heat flows remained high after the Devonian rifting, or whether the reconstructed Permian heat flows represent a separate heating event.Analysis of the vitrinite reflectance data suggest that the northeastern Dniepr–Donets Basin is characterised by a low Mesozoic heat flow (30–35 mW/m2), whereas the present-day heat flow is about 45 mW/m2.  相似文献   

15.
以福建晋江科任剖面老红砂为研究对象,对剖面主元素地球化学特征及其指示的古环境意义进行初步研究。结果表明:(1)科任剖面以湿润型元素SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3为主,含量范围依次为68.88%~93.77%、9.03%~19.1%和2.14%~5.32%;干旱型元素CaO、Na2O、MgO和K2O的含量均小于0.5%,K2O的含量略高于2%,表现为较强烈淋溶;主元素分布特征、风化特征值、CIA值等均表明,科任剖面老红砂总体上属于轻度富铝化。(2)对特征元素组合、元素比值和磁化率等古气候古环境代用指标进行分析,认为晚更新世中期以来,科任剖面记录了较干冷—暖湿—干冷—暖湿4个阶段的气候变化:55.9~43.9 ka BP和27.0~10.8 ka BP两个时期,气候干冷,冬季风强烈,为风沙堆积的两个主要阶段;43.9~27.0 ka和10.8 ka以来,气候温暖湿润,为风沙经历强烈风化和红化作用阶段。  相似文献   

16.
《Applied Geochemistry》1997,12(4):347-366
The research site at Otis Air Base, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, has been developed for hydrogeological and geochemical studies of sewage-effluent contaminated ground water since 1982. Research of hydrologic properties, transport, and chemical and biological processes is ongoing, but the origin of background water chemistry has not been determined.The principal geochemical process giving rise to the observed background water chemistry is CO2-controlled hydrolysis of Na feldspar. Geochemical modeling demonstrated that CO2 sources could vary over the project area. Analyses of unsaturated zone gases showed variations in CO2 which were dependent on land use and vegetative cover in the area of groundwater recharge. Measurements of CO2 in unsaturated-zone gases showed that concentrations of total inorganic C in recharge water should range from about 0.035 to 1.0 mmoles/L in the vicinity of Otis Air Base. Flux of CO2 from the unsaturated zone varied for 4 principal land uses, ranging from 86 gC/m2/yr for low vegetated areas to 1630 gC/m2/yr for a golf course. Carbon dioxide flux from woodlands was 220 gC/m2/yr, lower than reported fluxes of 500 to 600 gC/m2/yr for woodlands in a similar climate. Carbon dioxide flux from grassy areas was 540 gC/m2/yr, higher than reported fluxes of 230 to 490 gC/m2/yr for grasslands in a similar climate.  相似文献   

17.
The Platypus Tuff Bed in the Permian Moranbah Coal Measures provides a basin‐wide marker horizon traceable for over 300 km along strike. The bed is a tephra event unit, the product of a large‐scale volcanic eruptive episode involving a pyroclastic volume > 10 km3. The relatively even thickness (~1–1.5 m) of the tuff across the entire northern Bowen Basin (~10 000 km2) implies a distant source. The tuff is ash‐rich and its original geochemistry has been compromised by diagenetic alteration. Crystal content (10–15%) is dominated by quartz, suggesting a rhyolitic association. SHRIMP U–Pb analysis of zircons indicates an age of 258.9 ± 2.7 Ma for the Platypus Tuff Bed, confirming the Late Permian age that has generally been assigned to the Blackwater Group. The age framework now apparent for the coal‐bearing Blackwater Group suggests an average depositional rate ranging from ~133 m/106 years for its eastern depocentre in the northern Bowen Basin to ~70 m/106 years in more marginal settings to the west.  相似文献   

18.
上二叠统记录了地质历史时期最大规模的生物灭绝事件和最深刻的环境变化。对上二叠统的层序地层格架进行精细 描绘,建立高分辨率的地层序列,是深入了解此次事件及其演化的基础和关键。基于钻测井、岩心观测及地球化学分析测 试结果等资料综合分析,并运用小波分析技术,对黔西盘县上二叠统煤系进行了米氏旋回的识别和划分,结果表明,研究 区上二叠统煤系记录了稳定的米兰科维奇旋回,天文轨道周期对其沉积过程具有明显影响,由长、短偏心率、地轴斜率和 岁差周期引起的地层旋回厚度分别为16.06~17.24 m、5.39~5.70 m、2.11~2.15 m、1.12~1.21 m,长偏心率周期对地层中沉积 旋回的控制和影响最强。对长、短偏心率周期进行滤波分析后,建立了上二叠统煤系“浮动”天文年代标尺,为约束同沉 积火山事件层(Tonstein) 的形成及其持续时限提供了年代学依据。以区域等时对比效果明显的长偏心率旋回为标尺,并结 合旋回沉积序列、旋回界面特征等,将上二叠统煤系划分为4个三级层序,并进一步划分为16个四级层序(对应于中期旋 回),建立了研究区高频层序地层格架。  相似文献   

19.
上二叠统记录了地质历史时期最大规模的生物灭绝事件和最深刻的环境变化。对上二叠统的层序地层格架进行精细 描绘,建立高分辨率的地层序列,是深入了解此次事件及其演化的基础和关键。基于钻测井、岩心观测及地球化学分析测 试结果等资料综合分析,并运用小波分析技术,对黔西盘县上二叠统煤系进行了米氏旋回的识别和划分,结果表明,研究 区上二叠统煤系记录了稳定的米兰科维奇旋回,天文轨道周期对其沉积过程具有明显影响,由长、短偏心率、地轴斜率和 岁差周期引起的地层旋回厚度分别为16.06~17.24 m、5.39~5.70 m、2.11~2.15 m、1.12~1.21 m,长偏心率周期对地层中沉积 旋回的控制和影响最强。对长、短偏心率周期进行滤波分析后,建立了上二叠统煤系“浮动”天文年代标尺,为约束同沉 积火山事件层(Tonstein) 的形成及其持续时限提供了年代学依据。以区域等时对比效果明显的长偏心率旋回为标尺,并结 合旋回沉积序列、旋回界面特征等,将上二叠统煤系划分为4个三级层序,并进一步划分为16个四级层序(对应于中期旋 回),建立了研究区高频层序地层格架。  相似文献   

20.
The history of life on Earth is critically dependent on the carbon, sulfur and oxygen cycles of the lithosphere – hydrosphere – atmosphere – biosphere system. An Archean oxygen-poor greenhouse atmosphere developed through: (i) accumulation of CO2 and CH4 from episodic injections of CO2 from volcanic activity, volatilised crust impacted by asteroids and comets, metamorphic devolatilisation processes and release of methane from sediments; and (ii) little CO2 weathering-capture due to both high temperatures of the hydrosphere (low CO2 solubility) and a low ratio of exposed continents to oceans. In the wake of the Sturtian glaciation, enrichment in oxygen and appearance of multicellular eukaryotes heralded the onset of the Phanerozoic where greenhouse conditions were interrupted by periods of strong CO2-sequestration through intensified capture of CO2 by marine plants, onset of land plants and burial of carbonaceous shale and coal (Late Ordovician; Carboniferous – Permian; Late Jurassic; Late Tertiary – Quaternary). The progression from Late Mesozoic and Early Tertiary greenhouse conditions to Late Tertiary – Quaternary ice ages was related to the sequestration of CO2 by rapid weathering of the emerging Alpine and Himalayan mountain chains. A number of peak warming and sea-level-rise events include the Late Oligocene, mid-Miocene, mid-Pliocene and Pleistocene glacial terminations. The Late Tertiary – Quaternary ice ages were dominated by cyclic orbital-forcing-triggered terminations which involved CO2-feedback effects from warming seas and the biosphere and albedo flips due to ice-sheet melting. Since ca AD 1750 human emissions were ~305 Gt of carbon, as compared with ~750 Gt C in the atmosphere. The emissions constitute ~12% of the terrestrial biosphere and ~10% of the known global fossil fuel reserve of ~4000 Gt C, whose combustion would compare to the ~ 4600 Gt C released to the atmosphere during the K – T impact event 65 million years ago, with associated ~65% mass extinction of species. The current growth rate of atmospheric greenhouse gases and global mean temperatures exceed those of Pleistocene glacial terminations by one to two orders of magnitude. The relationship between temperatures and sea-levels for the last few million years project future sea-level rises toward time-averaged values of at least 5 m per 1°C. The instability of ice sheets suggested by the Dansgaard – Oeschinger glacial cycles during 50 – 20 ka, observed ice melt lag effects of glacial terminations, spring ice collapse dynamics and the doubling per-decade of Greenland and west Antarctic ice melt suggest that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's projected sea-level rises (<59 cm) for the 21st century may be exceeded. The biological and philosophical rationale underlying climate change and mass extinction perpetrated by an intelligent carbon-emitting mammal species may never be known.  相似文献   

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