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东秦岭造山带岩石圈热结构及断面模型 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
东秦岭岩石圈热结构热状态十分不均匀,沿断面可分成华北地块、北秦岭、南秦岭、扬子地块4大特征,其分界明显,南秦岭为“热区”,北秦岭为“冷区”。商丹断裂带具81.3mW·m~(-2)高热流值,是南北秦岭的分界线,是多期构造运动的活动带,是扬子与华北的缝合带。加里东期扬子向华北俯冲碰撞;印支-燕山期俯冲板片由于“去层状化作用”断开下沉,软流圈上侵,岩石圈土地幔变薄。后因华北岩石圈下部插入扬子俯冲板片中形成穿插构造,商丹断裂带成为现今向南倾的走滑断裂带。中上地壳有不同时期的大规模逆冲推覆体、断块向南叠置;下地壳缩短成“漏头”状下滑,地壳增厚造成东秦岭造山带现今独特复杂的岩石圈五层结构模型。 相似文献
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秦岭北界岩石圈组成及结构 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
位于北秦岭及华北块体交界处的明港地区发育有中基性火山角砾岩岩体群, 侵位时代为178.31± 3.77 Ma, 火山岩为亚碱性系列安山玄武岩, 火山角砾岩中含有丰富的下地壳和地幔的深源捕虏体, 是揭示秦岭造山带边界岩石圈组成和结构的理想地点. 对捕虏体岩套研究的结果表明, 其中的镁铁质麻粒岩、榴辉岩、变辉长岩在微量元素及Pb同位素特征等方面与南秦岭块体的相似, 代表了南秦岭俯冲至华北克拉通的下地壳下部的组成; 滑石化的橄榄岩为上覆的华北块体的地幔楔物质, 遭受了下覆南秦岭地壳释放的酸性熔/流体的交代. 该区的深部模型为晚古生代以后, 南秦岭岩石圈向北拆离俯冲, 它的上部垫置于北秦岭之下; 下部继续向北俯冲于华北块体之下. 中生代早期北秦岭向北仰冲, 华北块体呈鳄鱼状向南楔入到秦岭造山带. 相似文献
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秦岭北界岩石圈组成及结构--河南明港地区深源捕虏体研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
位于北秦岭及华北块体交界处的明港地区发育有中基性火山角砾岩岩体群, 侵位时代为178.31±3.77 Ma, 火山岩为亚碱性系列安山玄武岩, 火山角砾岩中含有丰富的下地壳和地幔的深源捕虏体, 是揭示秦岭造山带边界岩石圈组成和结构的理想地点. 对捕虏体岩套研究的结果表明, 其中的镁铁质麻粒岩、榴辉岩、变辉长岩在微量元素及Pb同位素特征等方面与南秦岭块体的相似, 代表了南秦岭俯冲至华北克拉通的下地壳下部的组成; 滑石化的橄榄岩为上覆的华北块体的地幔楔物质, 遭受了下覆南秦岭地壳释放的酸性熔/流体的交代. 该区的深部模型为晚古生代以后, 南秦岭岩石圈向北拆离俯冲, 它的上部垫置于北秦岭之下; 下部继续向北俯冲于华北块体之下. 中生代早期北秦岭向北仰冲, 华北块体呈鳄鱼状向南楔入到秦岭造山带. 相似文献
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当前受国内外地学界广泛关注的秦岭印支造山带，其前身是地球自转速度缓慢变化过程中派生的纬向剪切力和重力共同作用下，于惯性力最大的上地壳所产生的受东西向走滑正断层控制的盆\|山系,而不是洋壳俯冲形成的沟\|弧\|盆系；其造山机制是南秦岭断陷盆地上地壳底部刚硬的结晶基底，对北秦岭断隆山软弱的中地壳塑性层俯冲所造成的壳内冲叠造山带，而不是整个岩石圈对软流层俯冲导生的板块碰撞造山带；其动力是212 Ma前发生于加拿大安大略省直径100 km撞击坑的陨击事件，促使地球自转速度急剧变慢所派生的由南向北的强烈挤压作用，而不是地幔对流带动板块漂移碰撞；其超高压变质带是壳内俯冲动力作用所致，而不是陆壳俯冲到100 km以深温压环境的产物；其立交桥式构造，是异常地幔响应了地壳上部新产生的不同方向的中\|新生代断陷盆地引起的重力失衡作用的结果，而不是地幔柱主动隆升造成与原来东西向造山带的非耦合关系. 相似文献
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秦岭-大别造山带横贯中国大陆中部,并将我国东部分为南北两部;即华北克拉通和扬子克拉通.在南、北相向运动力系驱动下构成了一个极为复杂的复合、叠加构造带、成矿带和地震活动带.同时导致了该地域异常变化的沉积建造和强烈起伏的结晶基底.然而对它们形成的地球物理边界场响应,岩相和结构的异常变化尚不清晰,特别对盆山之间的耦合响应更缺乏深层动力过程的理解.为此本文通过该区榆林-铜川-涪陵长1000 km剖面的地震探测和研究结果提出：（1）沉积建造厚度变化为4~10 km,结晶基底起伏强烈,幅度可达4~6 km;（2）一系列基底断裂将该区切割为南鄂尔多斯盆地和秦岭北缘前陆盆地、秦岭-大巴造山带和南缘前陆盆地与东北四川盆地,其中前陆盆地为秦岭北渭河盆地和秦岭南通江-万源盆地;（3）秦岭造山带是北部华北克拉通向南推挤、南部扬子克拉通向北推挤下隆升的陆内山体,并构筑了其南、北前陆盆地;（4）秦岭造山带的南、北边界并非是一条边界断层,而应是包括前陆盆地在内的组合界带;（5）秦岭与大巴弧形山系源于同一深部结晶基底,即同根生.这一系列的新认识对深化理解秦岭-大巴造山带形成的深层动力过程和演化机理及厘定扬子克拉通的真实北界具有极为重要的意义. 相似文献
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确定大陆造山带在地质时期的隆升幅度对认识大陆造山过程、动力学机制,以及气候环境变化等问题具有重要的科学意义.秦岭造山带是中国大陆主要造山带之一,对其隆升过程的认识是理解中国,乃至东亚大陆构造格局及深部动力学的关键.研究表明,南秦岭造山带大巴山和米仓山-汉南穹隆在中生代发生隆起,但是,隆起的幅度缺乏定量约束.文章基于四川盆地北缘中生代山前盆地沉积数据,通过模拟岩石圈挠曲变形,获得南秦岭造山带大巴山和米仓山-汉南穹隆中生代山体隆升量及相应的山前盆地岩石圈有效弹性厚度(Te).结果显示,大巴山和米仓山-汉南穹隆在中侏罗世和早白垩世分别隆升了~1220和~880m.山体的现今高程是在此基础上于新生代继承性构造隆升的结果.不同构造单元隆升时限和幅度的差异表明南秦岭造山带中生代和新生代的隆升进程和驱动机制是不同的:中生代隆升受控于自东向西的华北-华南陆块汇聚,新生代隆升则由西南-东北向的印度板块对欧亚大陆的挤压驱动.四川盆地北缘从中侏罗世到早白垩世岩石圈强度发生了弱化,Te由73km减小为57km,其机制可能源于山体作用下的挠曲应力加载. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2017,(4)
秦岭山脉是在新生代发生强烈隆升而形成的,但它在古生代-中生代却经历了一个漫长的造山带演化过程.秦岭造山带的发展涉及到大洋板块俯冲、弧后盆地扩张、不同陆块/地体分离与拼合以及造山期后强烈陆内变形.晚中生代秦岭造山带大规模走滑变形、地体侧向挤出以及陆壳俯冲等地质过程最终奠定了秦岭造山带现今的平面几何形态和内部地质结构.秦岭造山带演化所形成的挤压构造地貌在晚白垩世-古新世阶段被完全夷平.秦岭山脉新生代的隆升与地壳伸展作用相关,而非挤压构造的结果.秦岭山脉隆升与北侧渭河盆地沉降同时发生,两者构成了一个完整的伸展构造环境下的山-盆体系.秦岭山脉的隆升速率在晚始新世-渐新世中期相对缓慢,在渐新世晚期-中新世早期基本停止.中新世中期秦岭山脉开始重新隆升,并且在晚中新世-第四纪隆升速率明显增大.秦岭山脉的隆升主要受其北缘断层的控制.当秦岭北缘断裂为正断层时,它不仅导致上盘渭河盆地强烈断陷,而且造成下盘的秦岭山脉发生翘倾抬升.当秦岭北缘断裂为压扭性走滑断层时,它所引发的挤压作用则使渭河盆地发生抬升和剥蚀,秦岭山脉也停止了翘倾抬升.秦岭北缘断裂在1 0百万年左右演化为一个侧向连续的大型正断层,从而导致秦岭山脉自晚中新世以来发生强烈快速隆升. 相似文献
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准噶尔盆地东缘构造:阿尔泰与北天山造山带交接转换的陆内过程 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
准噶尔盆地位于中亚造山带西段,地表地质已有大量成果,但对该盆地深部结构构造研究相对薄弱,这制约了对该区构造演化的认识.通过对研究区大量二维地震剖面的详细构造解释,揭示出准噶尔盆地东缘主要的逆冲断裂有:乌伦古东、红盆、红盆南、喀拉萨依、滴水泉北、滴水泉南和沙西等断裂.断裂整体组合表现为向北西发散、向南东收敛的逆冲-走滑构造特征,可分为三组构造体系.北部叠瓦式褶皱-逆冲体系位于研究区北部,走向北西,倾向北东,表现为自北向南的叠瓦式逆冲推覆构造,整体上具有北老南新的特征,断裂最早形成于石炭纪,之后向南不断拓展.中部逆冲-走滑体系位于研究区中部,近东西走向,断面陡立,印支期为左行压扭,燕山期发生右行走滑,伴生少量小型正断层.南部褶皱-逆冲体系位于研究区南部,北东走向,倾向北西,分支断裂主体均为走向北东的逆断层.全区断层相关褶皱常见有断展和断弯褶皱.区域构造对比表明,在南阿尔泰和北天山两大造山带的挤压汇聚作用下,准噶尔盆地东缘在三叠纪-早白垩世期间持续发生陆内变形.其中研究区北部主控断裂指示了自北向南的逆冲推覆,动力来自南阿尔泰造山带的持续挤压;南部褶皱不对称性和主逆冲断层指示动力来自北天山造山带的持续挤压;中部走滑断裂早期逆冲作用较强,后期叠加走滑构造,是南、北两大动力系统发生复杂交接转换的结果,并调节了盆地内部次级块体的运动,使其向西挤出. 相似文献
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Using large dynamite shots to image the structure of the Moho from deep seismic reflection experiment between the Sichuan basin and Qinling orogen 
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下载免费PDF全文 The Qinling orogen was formed as a result of the collision between the North and South China blocks. The Qinling orogen represents the location at which the southern and northern parts of the Chinese mainland collided, and it's also the intersection of the Central China orogen and the north-south tectonic belt. There is evidence of strong deformation in this orogen, and it has had a long and complex geological history. We investigated the structure of the Moho in the southern Qinling orogen using large dynamite shot imaging techniques. By integrating the analysis of the single-shot and the move-out corrections profile, we determined the structure of the Moho beneath the northern Dabashan thrust belt and the southern Qinling orogen, including the mantle suture beneath Fenghuang mountain. The Moho is divided into two parts by the mantle suture zone beneath Fenghuang mountain:(1) from Ziyang to Hanyin, the north-dipping Moho is at about45–55 km depth and the depth increases rapidly; and(2)from Hanyin to Ningshan, the south-dipping Moho is at about 40–45 km depth and shallows slowly. The mantle suture is located beneath Fenghuang mountain, and the Moho overlaps at this location: the shallower Moho is connected to the northern part of China, and the deeper Moho is connected to the southern part. This may indicate that the lithosphere in the Sichuan basin subducts to the Qinling block and that the subduction frontier reaches at least as far as Fenghuang mountain. 相似文献
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松潘地块北缘的若尔盖盆地与西秦岭造山带相接触，构成青藏高原东北缘典型的新生代盆山构造.其岩石圈结构与深部构造关系，记录了青藏高原东北缘板块碰撞的深部过程，同时又关联着若尔盖盆地油气远景的评价.2004年秋冬季，我们完成了第一条跨越若尔盖盆地和西秦岭造山带的深地震反射剖面.整个剖面全长254 km，分5段完成，其中第2段剖面（简称SP04_2）横过盆山结合部位.SP04_2剖面首次揭示若尔盖盆地－西秦岭造山带盆山结合部位的岩石圈结构，发现了若尔盖盆地和西秦岭造山带下地壳均以北倾为主的强反射特征，提供出若尔盖盆地下地壳整体向西秦岭造山带俯冲的地震学证据，揭示了若尔盖盆地和西秦岭造山带在挤压构造体系下形成的深部构造关系.而近于平的Moho反射特征又反映出两者在造山后期经历了强烈的伸展作用. 相似文献
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数值模拟华北克拉通岩石圈减薄的一种可能机制 ——下地壳榴辉岩重力失稳引起的拆沉 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过数值模拟研究,论证了中生代华北拉通岩石圈受挤压,下地壳玄武岩相变为密度较大的榴辉岩,榴辉岩重力失稳能够引起下地壳的拆沉,造成岩石圈的大规模减薄的可能性.通过对比不同规模的榴辉岩减薄方式发现,当榴辉岩规模较大时可能发生双管道拆沉,而规模小时发生单管道拆沉.计算结果表明当榴辉岩的水平尺度为100 km, 200 km, 300 km时,岩石圈拆沉减薄后厚度分别可达92 km,105 km,136 km.对比中生代华北克拉通岩石圈热侵蚀减薄和拆沉减薄机制,从力学机制上都能造成岩石圈减薄,但它们的结果对应着不同的地表地质特征.热对流减薄,中心区域变热变薄,中心区域是一个伸展区域,发展一个大的变质核杂岩区,岩浆的发展时序是从中心向两侧对称分布,并且向两侧减弱拆沉减薄结果中,中心区域受到挤压加厚,反而变冷.在中心区域的两侧发生两个减薄伸展区域,可能对应两个变质核杂岩区域,岩浆的发展时序是从两侧向中心减弱发展. 相似文献
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David Boutelier Alexandre Chemenda Cedric Jorand 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2004,222(1):209-216
Thermo-mechanical physical modelling of continental subduction is performed to investigate the exhumation of deeply subducted continental crust. The model consists of two lithospheric plates made of new temperature sensitive analogue materials. The lithosphere is underlain by liquid asthenosphere. The continental lithosphere contains three layers: the weak sedimentary layer, the crust made of a stronger material, and of a still stronger lithospheric mantle. The whole model is subjected to a constant vertical thermal gradient, causing the strength reduction with depth in each lithospheric layer. Subduction is driven by both push force and pull force. During subduction, the subducting lithosphere is heating and the strength of its layers reduces. The weakening continental crust reaches maximal depth of about 120 km and cannot subduct deeper because its frontal part starts to flow up. The subducted crust undergoes complex deformation, including indicated upward ductile flow of the most deeply subducted portions and localised failure of the subducted upper crust at about 50-km depth. This failure results in the formation of the first crustal slice which rises up between the plates under the buoyancy force. This process is accompanied by the delamination of the crustal and mantle layers of the subducting lithosphere. The delamination front propagates upwards into the interplate zone resulting in the formation of two other crustal slices that also rise up between the plates. Average equivalent exhumation rate of the crustal material during delamination is about 1 cm/year. The crust-asthenosphere boundary near the interplate zone is uplifted. The subducted mantle layer then breaks off, removing the pull force and thereby stopping the delamination and increasing horizontal compression of the lithosphere. The latter produces shortening of the formed orogen and the growth of relief. The modelling reveals an interesting burial/exhumation evolution of the sedimentary cover. During initial stages of continental subduction the sediments of the continental margin are dragged to the overriding plate base and are partially accreted at the deep part of the interplate zone (at 60-70 km-depth). These sediments remain there until the beginning of delamination during which the pressure between the subducted crust and the overriding plate increases. This results in squeezing the underplated sediments out. Part of them is extruded upwards along the interplate zone to about 30-km depth at an equivalent rate of 5-10 cm/year. 相似文献
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环渤海地区位于华北克拉通的中东部,是岩石圈破坏和减薄的主要地区,同时也是我国大陆东部强震的多发区和油气田产区,一直是国内外学者研究的重点区域.本研究利用环渤海地区1980—2015年期间中国地震台网高质量Pn波到时数据,反演得到环渤海地区Pn波速度结构及各向异性.结果显示,环渤海地区上地幔顶部的Pn波速度结构存在明显的横向不均匀性,且与区域地质构造有一定相关性.在地形隆起区,如太行山隆起、燕山隆起、鲁西隆起、胶辽隆起及苏鲁褶皱带地区,呈现为低波速异常,说明这些隆起区下方的上地幔存在热物质上涌,而凹陷地区,如华北盆地、南黄海北部盆地和南黄海南部盆地,则表现为高波速异常,说明这些凹陷地区上地幔顶部岩石圈强度较大.地壳内强震主要发生于低波速异常区和高低波速异常过渡带上,说明华北地区地壳强震的发生有可能受到上地幔深部构造的影响.太行山造山带地区Pn波各向异性快波方向为近NNE向,苏鲁褶皱带区域的Pn波各向异性快波方向为近NE向,与断裂带的走向基本一致,表明在地壳形变剧烈的地区,可能受上地幔顶部的深部动力学影响较大.华北盆地的北部和南部各向异性方向存在差异,可能与岩石圈的厚度及热状态的不均匀性有关. 相似文献
16.
XIAO QiBin ZHAO GuoZe WANG JiJun ZHAN Yan CHEN XiaoBin TANG Ji CAI JunTao WAN ZhanSheng WANG LiFeng MA Wei & ZHANG JiHong Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing China Earthquake Administration of Sh ong Province Jinan 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,52(3):420-430
Because of the discovery of ultrahigh pressure metamorphic (UHPM) belt beneath the Sulu (Jiangsu Province-Shandong Province)
orogen, this area has become a focused subject of current geoscience, as it has a close relationship with the evolution of
the orogen and the neighboring North China craton. Probing the deep structure beneath this area would be of great significance
for the geological interpretation of this issue. In this study, we make an analysis of magnetotelluric (MT) data along a profile
across the Sulu orogen to provide evidence of deep structure below this region. The profile begins in west from the North
China block, extending in S129°E, across the Tan-Lu fault, Sulu UHPM zone, and Sulu high pressure metamorphic (HPM) zone,
and terminates in the Yangtze block in east. We use the nonlinear conjugate gradient method and TE-TM combined mode to perform
inversion and interpretation of the MT data, and obtain an electrical structure image above depth of 150 km along the profile.
It shows that the structure can be divided into seven sections in lateral direction, between which the electric boundaries
coincide well with the major faults, such as the Tan-Lu, Haizhou-Siyang, and Jiashan-Xiangshui faults. In vertical direction
the electrical structure can be subdivided into six layers of different resistivities. It is noted that there exist high-conductivity
areas in crust below the North China block and Yangtze block, while such a feature is not present beneath the Sulu orogen,
which is very different from the Dabie orogen. It is also observed that a fairly continuous zone of relatively low-resistivity
exists at depths of 50–90 km of the electrical structure image, which is presumably a weak zone in the uppermost mantle. Just
below this low-resistivity zone are the relatively high- resistivity layer of the North China block, relatively low-resistivity
layer of the Sulu orogen, and relatively high-resistivity layer of the Yangtze block, all in the shallow upper mantle, respectively.
From the whole 2D electrical structure image, there is no abnormally low-resistivity layer in the shallow upper mantle beneath
the Sulu orogen and neighboring areas, indicating that no hot asthenoshperic material associated with lithospheric thinning
exists at present.
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40534023) and Director Foundation of Institute of Geology,
China Earthquake Administration (Grant No. DF-IGCEA-0608-2-16) 相似文献
17.
LU Fengxiang WANG Chunyang & ZHENG JianpingFaculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Correspondence should be addressed to Lu Fengxiang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(1)
Swarms of mafic-intermediate volcaniclastic bodies occur in the Minggang region of Henan Province, a tectonic boundary between the North Qinling and the North China Block, and emplaced at (178.31±3.77) Ma. These volcanic rocks are subalkaline basaltic andesites and contain abundance of lower crust and mantle xenoliths. Thus this area is an ideal place to reveal the lithospheric composition and structure beneath the northern margin of the Qinling orogenic belt. Geochemical data indicate that these mafic granulites, eclogites and metagabbros have trace elemental and Pb isotopic characteristics very similar to those rocks from the South Qinling Block, representing the lower part of lower crust of the South Qinling which subducted beneath the North China Block. Talcic peridotites represent the overlying mantle wedge materials of the North China Block, which underwent the metasomatism of the acidic melt/fluid released from the underlying lower crust of the South Qinling Block. Deep tectonic model proposed i 相似文献
18.
通过对南北地震带北段区域所布设的676个流动地震台站观测资料进行处理,联合反演面波频散与接收函数数据,获得了研究区内地壳厚度、沉积层厚度的分布情况以及地壳上地幔高分辨率S波速度结构成像结果.反演结果显示研究区地壳厚度从青藏高原东北缘向外总体逐渐变薄,秦岭造山带地壳厚度较同属青藏高原东北缘的北祁连块体明显减薄;鄂尔多斯盆地及河套盆地分布有非常厚的沉积层,阿拉善块体部分区域也有一定沉积层分布,沉积层与研究区内盆地位置较为一致;松潘—甘孜块体、北祁连造山带等青藏高原东北缘总体表现为S波低速异常;在中下地壳,松潘—甘孜块体下方的低速体比北祁连造山带下方的低速体S波速度值更小、分布深度更浅,更有可能对应于部分熔融的地壳;鄂尔多斯盆地在中下地壳以及上地幔内有着较大范围的高速异常一直延伸到120 km以下,而河套盆地地幔只在80 km以上部分有着高速异常的分布,此深度可能代表了河套盆地的岩石圈厚度,来自深部地幔的热物质上涌造成了该区域的岩石圈减薄;阿拉善块体在地壳和上地幔都表现出高低速共存的分布特征,暗示阿拉善块体西部岩石圈可能受青藏高原东北缘的挤压作用发生改造. 相似文献
19.
20.
显生宙以来华北克拉通岩石圈遭到破坏,这一现象的科学问题已受到世界地学家广泛关注.本文首先将地震层析成像反演得到的P波速度扰动转化为密度扰动,以此作为初始密度模型,然后利用布格重力异常反演得到了华北克拉通岩石圈高分辨三维密度结构.为了避开大型稀疏矩阵求逆计算,提高计算效率,我们将代数重构技术用于密度反演解算.反演结果表明:华北克拉通岩石圈密度在横向和纵向上均存在明显的不均匀性,密度分布形态与地表构造格局有很好的相关性;研究区地壳整体表现为低密度异常,地壳以下岩石圈部分则以高密度异常为主;鄂尔多斯块体地壳范围内以低密度异常为主,80~120 km深度上为呈南北两端集中分布的高密度异常,并分别与秦岭造山带和阴山造山带的高密度异常分布相连,这暗示了鄂尔多斯块体可能受到了来自其南北两端造山带深部动力学过程的影响;80~120 km深度上,华北克拉通东部地区呈现出显著的南北向非均匀的高密度异常,这表明遭到破坏后该地区上地幔物质分布具有强烈的南北向非均匀性. 相似文献