共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Erika Barison Giuseppe Brancatelli Rinaldo Nicolich Flavio Accaino Michela Giustiniani Umberta Tinivella 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2011,73(3):267-277
One key step in seismic data processing flows is the computation of static corrections, which relocate shots and receivers at the same datum plane and remove near surface weathering effects. We applied a standard static correction and a wave equation datuming and compared the obtained results in two case studies: 1) a sparse ocean bottom seismometers dataset for deep crustal prospecting; 2) a high resolution land reflection dataset for hydrogeological investigation. In both cases, a detailed velocity field, obtained by tomographic inversion of the first breaks, was adopted to relocate shots and receivers to the datum plane. The results emphasize the importance of wave equation datuming to properly handle complex near surface conditions. In the first dataset, the deployed ocean bottom seismometers were relocated to the sea level (shot positions) and a standard processing sequence was subsequently applied to the output. In the second dataset, the application of wave equation datuming allowed us to remove the coherent noise, such as ground roll, and to improve the image quality with respect to the application of static correction. The comparison of the two approaches evidences that the main reflecting markers are better resolved when the wave equation datuming procedure is adopted. 相似文献
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Cui Xingfu Li Hongbing Hu Ying Liang Hong Qi Li 《应用地球物理》2007,4(2):94-100
When topography and low velocity zone differences vary greatly, conventional vertical static time shifts will cause wavefield distortion and influence wave equation seismic imaging for seismic data acquired on a complex near surface. In this paper, we propose an approach to datum correction that combines a joint tomography inversion with wavefield continuation to solve the static problem for seismic data on rugged acquisition topography. First, the near surface model is obtained by refracted wave tomography inversion. Second, the wavefield of sources and receivers are continued downward and upward to accomplish datum correction starting from a flat surface and locating the datum above topography. Based on the reciprocal theorem, Huygens＇ and Fresnel principles, the location of sources and receivers, and regarding the recorded data on the surface as a secondary emission, the sources and receivers are upward-continued to the datum above topography respectively. Thus, the datum correction using joint tomography inversion and wavefield continuation with the condition of a complex near surface is accomplished. 相似文献
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油气勘探的重点正转向复杂地表条件和复杂地质条件的区域.双复杂条件下的叠前深度偏移是解决复杂地表条件和复杂地质构造成像的有效手段.基于“逐步累加”的“直接下延”法是解决复杂地表成像的有效手段,能够较好地消除地形起伏的影响.波动方程频率空间域有限差分(xwfd)叠前深度偏移对介质速度横向变化有较强的适应性,适宜于复杂构造的偏移成像,同其他常规波动方程深度偏移一样,常规的xwfd偏移方法,主要也是针对相位进行波场延拓,没有对振幅做任何处理.我们基于保幅单程波方程,推导出了基于xwfd的保幅波场延拓算子,针对xwfd求解时引入误差的影响,我们在xwfd保幅波场延拓过程中加入了误差补偿,实现了带误差补偿的xwfd保幅偏移.基于带误差补偿的xwfd保幅算子,应用适合起伏地表的直接下延法,对双复杂介质模型和实际资料进行了试算,改善了双复杂介质的成像效果.其中,误差补偿可以在若干个外推步长上进行,所以相对于保幅傅里叶有限差分(ffd)法偏移来说,该方法在改善成像质量的同时,也具有较高的运算效率. 相似文献
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A new method for suppressing multiple reflections in seismograms is developed. It is based on a downward continuation procedure which uses the full acoustic wave equation (hyperbolic form) as a downward continuation operator. We demonstrate that the downward continuation of the recorded wave field maps a reflectivity function without multiply reflected events. The method is applied successfully to individual traces of plane-wave decomposed (slant-stacked) synthetic and field data. 相似文献
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We apply a redatuming methodology, designed to handle rugged topography and the presence of high‐velocity layers near the acquisition surface, to a 2D land seismic data set acquired in Saudi Arabia. This methodology is based on a recently developed prestack operator, which we call the topographic datuming operator (TDO). The TDO, unlike static corrections, allows for the movement of reflections laterally with respect to their true locations, corresponding to the new datum level. Thus, it mitigates mispositioning of events and velocity bias introduced by the assumption of surface consistency and the time‐invariant time shifts brought about by static corrections. Using the shallow velocities estimated from refracted events, the TDO provides a superior continuity of reflections and better focusing than that obtained from conventional static corrections in most parts of the processed 2D line. The computational cost of applying the TDO is only slightly higher than static corrections. The marginal additional computational cost and the possibility of estimating, after TDO redatuming, stacking velocities that are not affected by a spurious positive bias, as in the case of static corrections, are further advantages of the proposed methodology. The likelihood of strong heterogeneities in the most complex part of the line limits the applicability of any approach based upon geometrical optics; however, the TDO produces results that are slightly better than those obtained from static corrections because of its ability to partially collapse diffractions generated in the near surface. 相似文献
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波动方程基准面校正处理被认为是当地表高程变化剧烈、地表一致性假设又不成立的情况下对于常规高程基准面校正的必要替代. 在二维波动方程基准面校正方面,前人已经作了大量工作,并且在实际应用中获得了良好的效果,应该将其进一步推广到三维. 本文采用三维频率空间域有限差分波场延拓算子以“逐步－累加”的方式实现了三维波动方程基准面校正,并对实际数据进行了处理. 对于西部某三维数据的实际计算结果表明,相对于传统的模型法高程静校正,波动方程基准面校正更合理地实现了基准面校正,有助于提高后续的速度分析精度和成像质量. 相似文献
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本文提出了一种基于双平方根算子的共炮检距道集波动方程保幅叠前深度偏移方法,将振幅误差补偿作为偏移的一部分与“运动学偏移”一起在偏移过程中实现.其基本内容包括：(1)从保幅的单平方根算子方程出发,推导出由双平方根算子定义的保幅单程波方程;(2)根据地震波摄动理论把速度场分裂为层内常速背景和变速扰动,分别在频率－波数域和频率－空间域求得波场深度延拓的偏移时移量及振幅校正系数,从而得到最终的DSR保幅波场延拓算子;(3)在高频假设条件下,把DSR保幅波场延拓公式中的积分运算进行稳相近似,得到保幅波场延拓的相移公式.理论分析和模型数值试验表明,该方法不但可以使散射能量聚焦、归位,提高成像精度;而且可以输出正确反映地下反射系数的振幅信息,为后续的地震属性分析（如AVO/AVA）提供更真实的地震信息. 相似文献
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可用于复杂地质体的波动方程基准面技术 总被引：7，自引：7，他引：0
提出改进的波动方程基准面方法,用于解决地表一致性问题,通过基准面的下移,可以使深部的信号增强,变多值走时为单值走时,从根本上消除了上覆层速度横向不均匀的影响,从而可以更好地解决复杂地质体成像问题。作者从原理上对上述观点给予了证明,而且给出利用波动方程基准面有限差分法做的实例－－大庆油田“陆相断隐模型”。 相似文献
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T. Alkhalifah 《Geophysical Prospecting》2015,63(1):2-10
The double‐square‐root equation is commonly used to image data by downward continuation using one‐way depth extrapolation methods. A two‐way time extrapolation of the double‐square‐root‐derived phase operator allows for up and downgoing wavefields but suffers from an essential singularity for horizontally travelling waves. This singularity is also associated with an anisotropic version of the double‐square‐root extrapolator. Perturbation theory allows us to separate the isotropic contribution, as well as the singularity, from the anisotropic contribution to the operator. As a result, the anisotropic residual operator is free from such singularities and can be applied as a stand alone operator to correct for anisotropy. We can apply the residual anisotropy operator even if the original prestack wavefield was obtained using, for example, reverse‐time migration. The residual correction is also useful for anisotropic parameter estimation. Applications to synthetic data demonstrate the accuracy of the new prestack modelling and migration approach. It also proves useful in approximately imaging the Vertical Transverse Isotropic Marmousi model. 相似文献
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Interval velocity analysis using post‐stack data has always been a desire, mainly for 3D data sets. In this study we present a method that uses the unique characteristics of migrated diffractions to enable interval velocity analysis from three‐dimensional zero‐offset time data. The idea is to perform a standard three‐dimensional prestack depth migration on stack cubes and generate three‐dimensional common image gathers that show great sensitivity to velocity errors. An efficient ‘top‐down’ scheme for updating the velocity is used to build the model. The effectiveness of the method is related to the incorporation of wave equation based post‐stack datuming in the model building process. The proposed method relies on the ability to identify diffractions along redatumed zero‐offset data and to analyse their flatness in the migrated local angle domain. The method can be considered as an additional tool for a complete, prestack depth migration based interval velocity analysis. 相似文献
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针对位场向下延拓的不适定性,我们将位场向下延拓视为向上延拓的反问题,提出以位场最小曲率作为约束条件来求解稳定的下延位场.我们将剖面位场向上延拓表达式用傅里叶矩阵的形式表示,以矩阵乘法形式给出延拓的表达式,同时向待反演的下延位场引入最小曲率约束,得到向下延拓的最小曲率解,并利用正交变换给出了更为简洁的频率域解.随后,利用Kronecker积将上述全部结果拓展至三维位场,给出了三维位场向下延拓的最小曲率解.此外,我们将位场数据的填充、扩充问题与向下延拓问题统筹考虑,提出一种新的向下延拓迭代格式,该算法面向实际资料处理需求、无须预扩充或填补数据.下延迭代时,对原始数据直接向下延拓,而空白部分利用上一次下延位场估计的上延值替代其空白值并对其向下延拓,直至获得最小曲率约束下稳定的向下延拓结果.同时,我们也讨论了利用改进L曲线和广义交叉验证(GCV)计算正则参数最优估计的问题.对理论模型和实际航空重力资料进行了向下延拓检验,处理结果表明位场向下延拓的最小曲率方法解能满足实际位场资料对向下延拓处理的需求,具有较高的下延精度. 相似文献
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位场向下与向上延拓之间存在固有的内在联系,向上延拓解算具有稳定可靠的优良特性,本文据此提出了借助向上延拓信息实现航空重力向下延拓稳定解算的两种方法,分别建立了点对点向下解析延拓模型和最小二乘向下解析延拓模型.其核心思想是,依据泰勒级数展开模型,将位场向下延拓解算过程转换为向上延拓计算和垂向偏导数解算两个步骤,通过第一步的处理有效抑制数据观测噪声对解算结果的干扰,通过第二步的处理成功实现向下延拓反问题的稳定解算,较好地解决了向下延拓解算固有的不适定性问题.分析研究了两种解析延拓模型的计算精度及适用条件,利用超高阶位模型EGM2008建立的模拟标准场数据对两种模型解算结果的合理性和有效性进行了数值验证,证明本文新方法实用易行,具有较高的应用价值. 相似文献
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A first-order one-way wave system has been created based on characteristic analysis of the acoustic wave system and optimization of the dispersion relation. We demonstrate that this system is equivalent to a third-order scalar partial-differential equation which, for a homogeneous medium, reduces to a form similar to the 45° paraxial wave equation. This system describes accurately waves propagating in a 2D heterogeneous medium at angles up to 75°. The one-way wave system representing downgoing waves is used for a modified reverse time migration method. As a wavefield extrapolator in migration, the downgoing wave system propagates the reflection events backwards to their reflectors without scattering at the discontinuities in the velocity model. Hence, images with amplitudes proportional to reflectivity can be obtained from this migration technique. We present examples of the application of the new migration method to synthetic seismic data where P-P reflections P-SV converted waves are present. Absorbing boundaries, useful in the generation of synthetic seismograms, have been constructed by using the one-way wave system. These boundaries absorb effectively waves impinging over a wide range of angles of incidence. 相似文献
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位场向下延拓是位场数据处理和反演中的重要运算,但是它的不稳定性影响了它在许多处理和反演方法技术中的应用.本文通过把位场向下延拓视为向上延拓的反问题,得到向下延拓的褶积型线性积分方程,再利用Fourier变换矩阵的正交对称特性,并结合矩阵的奇异值分解和广义逆原理,提出了一种稳定的不需要进行求逆运算的位场向下延拓广义逆方法——波数域广义逆算法,解决了位场大深度向下延拓的不稳定性问题.把这种方法用于三维理论模型数据和实际磁场数据的向下延拓获得了理想的结果. 相似文献
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为了实现曲面随机点位场数据的曲面延拓和转换,以磁异常位场数据为例,采用一组磁偶极子作为等效源,置于观测面下方的一个曲面上,把观测磁异常作为这组磁偶极子所产生磁异常的边界条件,通过求解线性方程组的方法反演磁偶极子磁矩的大小,再根据反演结果正演所要计算的磁异常数据,实现了曲面随机点磁异常位场数据的向上延拓、向下延拓、求导以及化极处理.在数据量较大时,为了提高反演计算的速度,把磁异常数据和磁偶极子分成若干小块,再利用各块磁异常数据分别反演该块数据下方磁偶极子的磁矩,并通过迭代计算来逐步取得更准确的反演结果.模型试验表明,磁异常位场数据向上延拓的均方根误差小于±2nT,向下延拓和化极也可以取得较高的精度,所提出的分块处理方法提高了延拓和转换的速度,实际资料处理给出了曲面随机点航磁异常数据向下延拓和化极的一个例子. 相似文献
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位场数据曲化平是位场数据处理解释中的重要运算,但是它的计算量和计算的复杂性影响了它在许多处理和解释方法技术中的应用.本文提出一种位场数据曲化平的迭代方法,即通过把位场数据曲化平视为平面位场数据向上延拓的反问题,得到曲化平的线性积分方程,再把曲面上位场数据视为曲面平均高程面上的位场数据,利用向下延拓的波数域广义逆算法把平均高程面上的位场数据向下延拓到设定平面上,再根据曲面和其平均高程面的相对起伏对设定平面上的向下延拓数据进行起伏校正,最后再把所得平面上的位场数据向上延拓得到曲面上的位场数据,并进行迭代.把这种方法用于三维理论模型数据和实际磁场数据的曲化平处理均获得了理想的结果. 相似文献
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油气勘探的重点正转向复杂地表条件和复杂地质条件的区域.双复杂条件下的叠前深度偏移方法是解决复杂地表条件和复杂地质构造成像的有效手段,基于"逐步累加"的"直接下延"法和"波场上延"法都是解决复杂地表成像的有效手段.波动方程的频率空间域有限差分深度偏移对介质速度横向变化有较强的适应性,适宜于复杂构造的偏移成像.然而,频率-空间域有限差分法求解时引入的误差影响了成像的质量,我们用了带误差补偿的频率-空间域有限差分偏移改善了起伏地表条件下的频空域有限差分偏移质量,对模型和实际资料进行了试算,得到了较好的成像效果.误差补偿可以在若干个外推步长上进行,通过对比分析,我们发现,相对于基于起伏地表的傅立叶有限差分法偏移来说,该方法在改善起伏地表条件下偏移成像质量的同时,也具有较高的运算效率. 相似文献