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随着海洋事业的飞速发展,海洋调查与科研仪器设备在海洋事业中的地位越来越受到重视。许多单位每年都要花费大量经费来增添仪器设备,其中,高、大、精、尖的仪器设备比例越来越高。但重复购置、使用率低依然是仪器设备管理工作中面临的首要问题。充分利用现代化管理手段,建立和完善管理体系、加强和规范仪器设备管理、使有限的投资发挥最大效益,更好地服务于海洋事业是十分必要的。文章就强化共建共享理念,以机制创新实现资源共享,搭建海洋仪器设备资源共享平台,对仪器设备进行网络化和数字化管理提出了具体的实施方案,供同行交流参考。通过深入浅出的分析、认真的探索研究,以期对解决这一普遍存在的问题有所裨益。 相似文献
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海洋行政执法技术体系是海洋行政执法的基础保障,在海洋行政执法体系中处于举足轻重的位置。仪器设备是海洋行政执法技术体系建设的技术保障,是海洋行政执法的重要手段。因此,海洋行政执法技术体系现场仪器设备的配置已成为海洋行政执法队伍建设的重要工作之一。本文从机载仪器设备、船载和车载仪器设备两个方面,以海监总队、大队、支队三个不同的层次探讨海洋行政执法技术体系现场仪器设备的配置。 相似文献
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正由中国高科技产业化研究会海洋分会和中国海洋学会科技开发与产业化工作委员会共同策划的"2014中国(天津)国际海洋水文气象监测技术及仪器设备展示交易会"将于2014年5月23—25日在天津滨海新区会展中心举办。交易会将为我国海洋科技领域提供更为有利、有效和便捷的技术服务。凡从事海洋水文气象仪器生产商、贸易商、代理商、服务商及相关海洋技术专业的企事业、机关职能管理等单位均可参与技术交流和合作。会议展示内容涉及4个方面:1)海洋水文气象监测系统及仪器设备、水文气象海洋传感器技术、数据采集技术、数据传输技术、系统软件应用技术、水质自动监测、野 相似文献
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如何科学管理、使用大型仪器设备,充分发挥大型仪器设备的作用,使其产生应有的效益,是仪器设备管理工作中亟待解决的重要课题。文中就大型海洋综合调查中,利用网络技术、搭建海洋调查仪器设备资源共享平台,对调查仪器设备进行网络化和数字化管理,进行了深入细致的分析,探讨了实现仪器设备资源共享平台的实际设计思路。 相似文献
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对海洋仪器设备规范化海上试验的认识与思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
规范化海上试验是863计划海洋技术领域针对仪器设备研发项目管理的一项创新举措,近年来,通过推行规范化海上试验,海洋技术领域构建并完善了仪器设备研发与技术评价体系,提高了海上试验整体效率,降低了海试风险和成本,大大加快了仪器设备的实用化进程。介绍了863计划海洋技术领域推行规范化海上试验的基本概念、需求背景,详细阐述了规范化海上试验主要程序做法,重点论述了规范化海上试验对于海洋仪器设备研发的重要意义、取得进展和成果,对今后的发展进行了思考并提出了具体建议。 相似文献
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论厦门市海岸带综合管理 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
本文在分析厦门市海洋管理现状和存在问题的基础上，提出了厦门海岸带综合管理的指导思想；并在海岸带综合管理体制，协调机制，立法与执法，海洋资产资产化管理，海洋资源与海洋环境监测监督与评价，海洋管理信息系统，财政支持机制，公众海洋意识教育和参与海洋管理等方面提出了海岸带综合管理对策。 相似文献
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由国家海洋局主持召开的《海洋资料浮标网管理规定》审定会于1991年4月6日在天津市,国家海洋局海洋技术研究所召开。参加审定会的有来自中国科学院青岛海洋研究所、山东省科学院海洋仪器研究所、国家海洋标准计量中心、国家信息中心、国家海洋环境预报中心和从事浮标网管理第一线国家海洋局各分局等单位的24名代表。会议期间,代表们对此规定进行了热烈的讨论,与会专家一致认为,国家海洋局海洋技术研究所编制的《海洋资料浮标网管理规定》明确了由国家海洋局、各分局、基层单位组成的三级海洋资料浮标网管理体系。规定还阐明了各级管理单位的职责。该规定的实施,为加强海洋资料浮标网的管理,强化各个管理单位的职能,进一步发展和完善我国海洋资料浮标网的建设,提高海洋环境监测和预报能力奠定了基础。 相似文献
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海洋行业是2007年我国首批公益专项11个试点行业之一。文章以国家海洋局东海环境监测中心承担的3个海洋公益项目为例,归纳总结了海洋公益性行业科研经费专项项目的组织管理实施经验,以供广大科技管理者在进行公益性项目管理中参考。海洋公益专项的管理要点主要包括:公益专项应施行国家、推荐单位、项目承担单位3个层次的分级管理模式;专项管理工程流程,分为策划、立项、实施与验收4个阶段,实施全过程管理,并进行严格的质量控制;强调成果应用与转化,注重技术应用示范,示范应用经费预算与安排上要在项目预算书中予以明确;在项目验收时所需提交的材料中进一步明确专项科技管理内容。成立项目实施机构、加强实施执行过程管理是3个公益专项项目管理中获得的主要经验与教训。 相似文献
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本文概述了我国海洋观测技术和仪器设备的现状,从海洋观测系统建设,海洋资源开发等方面,分析了海洋仪器设备的社会需求,提出了发展海洋观测高技术,加强基础工艺和基础器件研究,加强合作和参与国际市场竞争等六条建议。 相似文献
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Globalisation is enabling an increasing number of stakeholders to become better informed and more determined to participate in the management of both coastal and high-seas fisheries. Centralised fisheries management agencies are therefore becoming increasingly unable to exert control over the flow of information in fisheries management processes, and less able to exclude other formal and informal institutions from influencing management processes. This work details the emergence of network governance processes and concludes that network governance is likely to erode the traditional command and control authority of many formal government-mandated agencies, and potentially increase the transaction costs in fisheries management processes. However, this style of emergent management may also increase the robustness of management decisions. 相似文献
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The management strategy evaluation (MSE) approach was used to evaluate management strategies based on the current method of stock assessment for rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) off Victoria, Australia, and decision rules inferred from the management plan for Victorian rock lobster and past practice when selecting total allowable catches, TACs. The results are expressed in terms of whether it is possible to keep stocks above limit reference points with high probability and recover over‐exploited stocks to the target level. Three categories of management strategy were examined using the MSE, which differed in whether assessments were conducted, and TACs set, by management zone or by region within management zone. A management strategy based on conducting assessments and setting TACs by management zone is most similar to the way assessments are currently conducted and management regulations implemented for rock lobster off Victoria. However, this management strategy performed poorest in recovering stocks to target levels. Alternative management strategies which involved conducting assessments and setting TACs by region performed better, but may have practical limitations. The assessment method was found to be generally relatively accurate and precise, although estimation performance was poor/imprecise on occasion. 相似文献
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Sean Pascoe Wendy Proctor Chris Wilcox James Innes Wayne Rochester Natalie Dowling 《Marine Policy》2009,33(5):750-758
Fisheries management is increasingly involving a wide range of stakeholders in the decision making process. However, in most fisheries, the set of management objectives are poorly defined, and the implicit importance placed on these objectives may vary considerably both between and within different stakeholder groups. This may lead to conflicts within management advisory groups where members from different stakeholder groups view potential management outcomes substantially differently, and inconsistencies in decision making when changes in stakeholder representation take place. In this paper, the institutional structure of fisheries management in Australia and the roles the different organisations play in shaping fisheries management plans are detailed. An explicit hierarchy of management objectives is developed in collaboration with key managers and policy makers. A large survey of stakeholders involved in Australian Commonwealth fisheries management was undertaken to determine stakeholder preferences relating to these objectives. The results highlight the differences in perspectives regarding the relative importance of the multiple objectives of fisheries management. While on average stakeholder preferences generally correspond with their expected preference set, the results also indicate that there is generally low coherence within stakeholder groups. 相似文献
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科学技术革命背景下的我国海洋管理对策 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分析了新科学技术革命背景下海洋科技与海洋经济、海洋科技与海洋管理的关系以及我国海洋管理面临的形势。因此,我国海洋管理应加强海洋综合管理的科学基础研究,完善海洋综合管理的法规体系,改革和完善海洋综合管理体制,构建符合海洋发展形势的海洋管理规划体系。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
The present paper presents the practical implementation of the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) in Norway. This involves defining management objectives and developing simple and efficient tools to achieve an overview of management needs and prioritise among these, while integrating broader conservation issues and ensuring stakeholder involvement. A new Marine Resources Act entered into force in Norway in 2009. By integrating conservation and sustainable use as basic principles, the law represents a paradigm shift in the management of Norwegian fisheries. The law indicates which concerns should be addressed, but neither how nor how often evaluations should take place. That is for management to decide. A management principle in the Marine Resources Act confers on the Ministry an obligation to evaluate whether continued fishing at the present scale is justifiable, or whether improved management is required to ensure sustainability. A Stock table, and a table of "Catches of data-poor species" constitute a comprehensive system for monitoring the management principle. Along with a Fisheries table, these tables establish a framework for developing an ecosystem-based fisheries management by providing a basis and tools for prioritising the needs of new and/or revised management measures. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2015
While the economic and environmental benefits of fisheries management are well accepted, the costs of effective management in low value fisheries, including the research necessary to underpin such management, may be considerable relative to the total economic benefits they may generate. Co-management is often seen as a panacea in low value fisheries. Increasing fisher participation increases legitimacy of management decision in the absence of detailed scientific input. However, where only a small number of operators exist, the potential benefits of co-management are negated by the high transaction cost to the individual fishers engaging in the management process. From an economic perspective, sole ownership has been identified as the management structure which can best achieve biological and economic sustainability. Moving low value fisheries with a small number of participants to a corporate-cooperative management model may come close to achieving these sole ownership benefits, with lower transaction costs. In this paper we look at the applicability of different management models with industry involvement to low value fisheries with a small number of participants. We provide an illustration as to how a fishery could be transitioned to a corporate-cooperative management model that captures the key benefits of sole management at a low cost and is consistent with societal objectives. 相似文献
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为推动APEC经济体的海洋保护区管理能力建设、分享APEC经济体在海洋保护区建设与管理方面的成功经验,APEC海洋可持续发展中心于2011年在中国厦门举办了"APEC海洋保护区管理能力建设培训班".本文简要介绍了培训班概况,并基于培训研讨内容,总结归纳了目前业界对亚太区域海洋保护区管理能力建设共同关心的问题,包括海洋保护区网络建设、管理制度建设、社区共管机制建设、先进技术的应用、可持续财政机制建立等.文中指出开展APEC海洋保护区网络建设的重要性,并提出了今后需要加强海洋保护区管理计划的实施与管理成效评估、管理人员与技术人员的培训和经验分享、加强国际交流合作等方面的建议,以不断提高海洋保护区管理成效. 相似文献
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《Ocean & Coastal Management》1999,42(1):19-37
This article investigates the role and value of user participation in fisheries management. New empirical data on changes in the institutional structure of fisheries management systems is presented by examining the management structure of two Danish fisheries. The analysis focuses on how user participation functions are institutionalized as co-management between administrators and user groups. General lessons for successful user participation in management are deduced. The paper concludes that co-management is able to overcome some of the fundamental problems related to modern fisheries management and that co-management can work as an active and effective management tool rather than as an impediment to efficient management. 相似文献