共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 625 毫秒
1.
Sensor calibration, including its definition, purpose, traceability options, methodology, complexity, and importance, is examined in this paper in the context of supporting NOAA’s satellite mission. Common understanding of sensor calibration is essential for the effective communication among sensor vendors, calibration scientists, satellite operators, program managers, and remote sensing data users, who must cooperate to ensure that a nation’s strategic investment in a sophisticated operational environmental satellite system serves the nation’s interest and enhances the human lives around the world. Examples of calibration activities at NOAA/NESDIS/ORA are selected to further illustrate these concepts and to demonstrate the lessons learned from the past experience. 相似文献
2.
The calibration accuracy of High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder Mod. 2 (HIRS / 2) on NOAA-10 satellite is analyzed in this paper. The non-linear effect in the linear calibration curve induces a deviation of 1.5 degrees (k) of brightness temperature in the tenth channel (8.3 um, water vapor absorption) of the HIRS/2 and the non-linear effect affects the other channels to a different extent. Based on analyzing non- linearity in two-point calibration curve, a tri-point calibration equation is given. A numerical test of effects of the linear and non-linear calibration models on the accuracy of atmospheric temperature retrievals is carried out. 相似文献
3.
This study introduces some innovations in the data processing algorithm for Chinese FY meteorological satellites. Issues about satellite image navigation, radiation calibration, and data assimilation are discussed.
A time series of the earth＇s disk center-line count provides information on the orientation of the satellite spin axis. With this information, the altitude parameters of the satellite and then the earth disk location in the south-north direction may be solved. In each spin cycle, the satellite views the sun and the earth. Given the satellite position and altitude, the angle （β） subtended at the satellite by the sun and the earth can be calculated and predicted. Thus, the earth＇s disk location in the east-west direction is fixed. Based on this principle, we derived an automatic image navigation algorithm for FY2 geosynchronous meteorological satellites with an accuracy approaching pixel level.
The FY2 meteorological satellite traveling in a geostationary orbit suffers a large amount of radiation from the sun. The radiation varies on both diurnal and annual scales, which causes radiation responses in the thermal infrared （IR） bands wherein the wavelengths greater than 3.5 μm vibrate periodically on scales of hours to years. These vibrations must be precisely calibrated. First, based on the accurate estimation of the radiant contribution from the front-optics, the variation characteristics of the calibration parameters are obtained on a temporal scale of hours from the space-borne inner-blackbody （IBB） measurement results. Second, the in-orbit measured radiation of the lunar surface is referenced and utilized to correct the sys- tematic bias of the IBB calibration from daily to annual scales. By using such algorithms, we achieved a calibration accuracy of the FY2 satellite＇s IR imagery of less than 1 K.
The on-orbit satellite instrument parameters play an important role in data quality; however, they may be mis-measured due to limitations in the measurement conditions or may be 相似文献
A time series of the earth＇s disk center-line count provides information on the orientation of the satellite spin axis. With this information, the altitude parameters of the satellite and then the earth disk location in the south-north direction may be solved. In each spin cycle, the satellite views the sun and the earth. Given the satellite position and altitude, the angle （β） subtended at the satellite by the sun and the earth can be calculated and predicted. Thus, the earth＇s disk location in the east-west direction is fixed. Based on this principle, we derived an automatic image navigation algorithm for FY2 geosynchronous meteorological satellites with an accuracy approaching pixel level.
The FY2 meteorological satellite traveling in a geostationary orbit suffers a large amount of radiation from the sun. The radiation varies on both diurnal and annual scales, which causes radiation responses in the thermal infrared （IR） bands wherein the wavelengths greater than 3.5 μm vibrate periodically on scales of hours to years. These vibrations must be precisely calibrated. First, based on the accurate estimation of the radiant contribution from the front-optics, the variation characteristics of the calibration parameters are obtained on a temporal scale of hours from the space-borne inner-blackbody （IBB） measurement results. Second, the in-orbit measured radiation of the lunar surface is referenced and utilized to correct the sys- tematic bias of the IBB calibration from daily to annual scales. By using such algorithms, we achieved a calibration accuracy of the FY2 satellite＇s IR imagery of less than 1 K.
The on-orbit satellite instrument parameters play an important role in data quality; however, they may be mis-measured due to limitations in the measurement conditions or may be 相似文献
4.
Peng ZHANG Qifeng LU Xiuqing HU Songyan GU Lei YANG Min MIN Lin CHEN Na XU Ling Sun Wenguang BAI Gang MA Di XIAN 《大气科学进展》2019,36(9):1027-1045
In this paper,the latest progress,major achievements and future plans of Chinese meteorological satellites and the core data processing techniques are discussed.First,the latest three FengYun(FY)meteorological satellites(FY-2H,FY-3D,and FY-4A)and their primary objectives are introduced Second,the core image navigation techniques and accuracies of the FY meteorological satellites are elaborated,including the latest geostationary(FY-2/4)and polar-orbit(FY-3)satellites.Third,the radiometric calibration techniques and accuracies of reflective solar bands,thermal infrared bands,and passive microwave bands for FY meteorological satellites are discussed.It also illustrates the latest progress of real-time calibration with the onboard calibration system and validation with different methods,including the vicarious China radiance calibration site calibration,pseudo invariant calibration site calibration,deep convective clouds calibration,and lunar calibration.Fourth,recent progress of meteorological satellite data assimilation applications and quantitative science produce are summarized at length.The main progress is in meteorological satellite data assimilation by using microwave and hyper-spectral infrared sensors in global and regional numerical weather prediction models.Lastly,the latest progress in radiative transfer,absorption and scattering calculations for satellite remote sensing is summarized,and some important research using a new radiative transfer model are illustrated. 相似文献
5.
6.
The automatic all-sky imager developed by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, provides all-sky visible images in the red, green, and blue channels. This paper presents three major calibration experiments of the all-sky imager, geometric angular calibration, optical calibration, and radiometric calibration, and then infers an algorithm to retrieve relative radiance from the all-sky images. Field experiments show that the related coefficient between retrieved radiance and measured radiance is about 0.91. It is feasible to use the algorithm to retrieve radiance from images. The paper sets up a relationship between radiance and the image, which is useful for using the all-sky image in numerical-simulations that predict more meteorological parameters. 相似文献
7.
This study employs a newly defined regional-rainfall-event(RRE) concept to compare the hourly characteristics of warm-season(May–September) rainfall among rain gauge observations, China merged hourly precipitation analysis(CMPA-Hourly), and two commonly used satellite products(TRMM 3B42 and CMORPH).By considering the rainfall characteristics in a given limited area rather than a single point or grid, this method largely eliminates the differences in rainfall characteristics among different observations or measurements over central–eastern China. The results show that the spatial distribution and diurnal variation of RRE frequency and intensity are quite consistent among different datasets, and the performance of CMPAHourly is better than the satellite products when compared with station observations. A regional rainfall coefficient(RRC), which can be used to classify local rain and regional rain, is employed to represent the spatial spread of rainfall in the limited region defining the RRE. It is found that rainfall spread in the selected grid box is more uniform during the nocturnal to morning hours over central–eastern China. The RRC tends to reach its diurnal maximum several hours after the RRE intensity peaks, implying an intermediate transition stage from convective to stratiform rainfall. In the afternoon, the RRC reaches its minimum, implying the dominance of local convections on small spatial scale in those hours, which could cause large differences in rain gauge and satellite observations. Since the RRE method reflects the overall features of rainfall in a limited region rather than at a fixed point or in a single grid, the widely recognized overestimation of afternoon rainfall in satellite products is not obvious, and thus the satellite estimates are more reliable in representing sub-daily variation of rainfall from the RRE perspective. This study proposes a reasonable method to compare satellite products with rain gauge observations on the sub-daily scale,which also has great potential to be used in evaluating the spatiotemporal variation of cloud and rainfall in numerical models. 相似文献
8.
An Overview of MODIS Radiometric Calibration and Characterization 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is one of the key instruments for NASA’s Earth Observing System (EOS), currently operating on both the Terra and Aqua satellites. The MODIS is a major advance over the previous generation of sensors in terms of its spectral, spatial, and temporal resolutions. It has 36 spectral bands: 20 reflective solar bands (RSB) with center wavelengths from 0.41 to 2.1 μm and 16 thermal emissive bands (TEB) with center wavelengths from 3.7 to 14.4 μm, making observations at three spatial resolutions: 250 m (bands 1–2), 500 m (bands 3–7), and 1km (bands 8-36). MODIS is a cross-track scanning radiometer with a wide field-of-view, providing a complete global coverage of the Earth in less than 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua MODIS went through extensive pre-launch calibration and characterization at various levels. In orbit, the calibration and characterization tasks are performed using its on-board calibrators (OBCs) that include a solar diffuser (SD) and a solar diffuser stability monitor (SDSM), a v-grooved flat panel blackbody (BB), and a spectro-radiometric calibration assembly (SRCA). In this paper, we present an overview of MODIS calibration and characterization activities, methodologies, and lessons learned from pre-launch characterization and in-orbit operation. Key issues discussed in this paper include in-orbit efforts of monitoring the noise characteristics of the detectors, tracking the solar diffuser and optics degradations, and updating the sensor’s response versus scan angle. The experiences and lessons learned through MODIS have played and will continue to play major roles in the design and characterization of future sensors. 相似文献
9.
Sun-photometer has been widely used to investigate various optical properties of the atmosphere.In order to derivean accurate atmospheric optical depth,great care in the sun-photometer calibration is required.In this paper,the fea-ture of a new sun-photometer is described.Calibration results based on the Langley method at Mt.Huangshan are re-ported.Effect of the atmospheric instability on retrieving the calibration values is discussed and errors in calibration atMt.Huangshan due to temporal variation of aerosol concentration are estimated.It is shown that the calibratedsun-photometer can be used to derive the atmospheric optical depth to an accuracy of 5%.As one of its applications,examples of determination of turbidity parameters and columnar aerosol size distribution are presented. 相似文献
10.
The linear regression and horizontally stepwise correction are conducted on the observational data from AMSU-A L1 B of NOAA polar orbit satellite to invert a 40-layers(from 1,000 h Pa to 0.1 h Pa) dataset of atmospheric temperature with a horizontal resolution of 0.5°×0.5° after the correction of satellite antenna pattern and limb adjustment. Case study shows that the inversion data of temperature can reveal the detail structure of warm core in tropical cyclone. We choose two categories of tropical depressions(TDs) over the South China Sea, including the non-developing TDs and developing TDs. Both of them are developed downward from the middle and upper level to the lower level. Comparison between the evolutions of warm core in the two categories of TDs indicates that the warm core is developed downward from the middle and upper troposphere to the sea surface in all the downward-developing TDs. The difference is that in the group of further developing TDs, the warm core in the upper troposphere is intensified suddenly when it is extending to the sea surface. The warm core in the upper and lower troposphere is strengthened in a meantime. But the similar feature is not observed in the non-developing TDs. Then it may be helpful to judge the TD development by monitoring the change in its warm-core structure. 相似文献
11.
FY-1C遥感器可见近红外各通道在轨辐射定标 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
文中通过 1999年 7月利用敦煌辐射定标场和反射率基法对FY -1C气象卫星遥感器可见 -近红外通道进行的第一次在轨辐射定标试验 ,研究和试验了卫星遥感器的在轨辐射定标方法、同步观测方法和辐射传输计算算法及其软件开发 ,有 7个通道的绝对辐射定标系数 (或称为增益和偏离量 )被获得。经过误差分析 ,认为本次定标的不确定度小于 7%。定标获得的 7个通道定标系数与该卫星发射前定标结果比较 ,其中 5个通道 (通道 1,2 ,7,8,10 )结果比较接近 ,另两个通道 (通道 6,9)由于发射前定标误差较大致使二者有一定差别。另外 ,通过 2 0 0 0年 9月份对FY -1C卫星进行的第二次辐射定标试验 ,使该卫星在轨 1a多来的运行状态得到了定量监测 ,本次定标与1999年 7月的定标结果比较 ,发现可见 -近红外各通道性能均有程度不同的衰减 ,尤其是通道 1,7,8性能衰减分别为 35% ,2 8% ,2 2 % ,而通道 2 ,6,9,10性能衰减较小 (为 10 %左右 )。 相似文献
12.
This paper is adapted from a presentation at the session of the European Geophysical Society meeting in 2002 honouring Joost
Businger. It documents the interaction of the non-linear planetary boundary-layer (PBL) model (UW-PBL) and satellite remote
sensing of marine surface winds from verification and calibration studies for the sensor model function to the current state
of verification of the model by satellite data. It is also a personal history where Joost Businger had seminal input to this
research at several critical junctures. The first scatterometer in space was on SeaSat in 1978, while currently in orbit there
are the QuikSCAT and ERS-2 scatterometers and the WindSat radiometer. The volume and detail of data from the scatterometers
during the past decade are unprecedented, though the value of these data depends on a careful interpretation of the PBL dynamics.
The model functions (algorithms) that relate surface wind to sensor signal have evolved from straight empirical correlation
with simple surface-layer 10-m winds to satellite sensor model functions for surface pressure fields. A surface stress model
function is also available. The validation data for the satellite model functions depended crucially on the PBL solution.
The non-linear solution for the flow of fluid in the boundary layer of a rotating coordinate system was completed in 1969.
The implications for traditional ways of measuring and modelling the PBL were huge and continue to this day. Unfortunately,
this solution replaced an elegant one by Ekman with a stability/finite perturbation equilibrium solution. Consequently, there
has been great reluctance to accept this solution. The verification of model predictions has been obtained from the satellite
data. 相似文献
13.
FY-2B与NOAA卫星红外通道的相对定标 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
FY-2是自旋扫描静止气象卫星,其红外通道的在轨定标是将黑体从后光路插入目标光路中进行的,此种定标不是全光路定标,存在较大的误差。为了获得较好的红外通道在轨定标系数,用定标精度较高的NOAA(16,17)卫星通道4观测数据与FY-2B红外通道观测数据进行了相对定标试验。相对定标的工作主要是两种卫星观测仪器响应函数之间的光谱匹配和观测图像之间的几何匹配。拟合匹配后两种卫星的观测数据,利用NOAA卫星较高精度的定标系数可得到改进的FY-2B定标系数。FY-2B相对定标系数的精度比原定标系数有较大的提高。 相似文献
14.
土质对FDR水分传感器拟合参数影响的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过制作人工土柱的方法,对壤土、黏土、砂土等土质进行FDR(Frequency Domain Reflectometry)水分传感器拟合标定试验,分析了传感器频率与土壤水分之间的关系,以及不同质地土壤对传感器标定参数的影响。数据分析结果表明:FDR土壤水分传感器感应频率随土壤体积含水量的增加而单调减小,具有很好的相关性,不同的土质对土壤水分传感器标定参数影响较大,黏土测试的传感器归一化频率范围在0.64~0.94之间,壤土测试的传感器归一化频率范围在0.4~0.86之间,砂土测试的传感器归一化频率范围在0.3~0.94之间,土壤按类别进行标定比集中标定的效果更好。分析结果对土壤种类复杂地区的自动土壤水分观测仪精细化标定具有一定指导意义。 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
为了测试红外分光计红外通道的辐射探测性能,确定仪器地面参考定标系数,为分析反演产品误差提供依据,星载仪器的地面定标是仪器上星前必须要做的一项重要工作。基于我国新一代气象卫星红外分光计热真空定标试验数据,利用仪器通道接收的入射辐射与其输出信号值的相关特性,采用统计回归方法,建立了二者之间的转换关系,得到了热红外通道的定标系数,分析了红外分光计红外通道输入辐射量与输出信号的非线性响应。当目标黑体温度为290 K时,计算了仪器的灵敏度。结果表明:红外分光计存在一定的非线性响应,在220~330 K的目标温度范围内非线性偏差大都在0.4 K以内,仪器灵敏度达到了设计指标要求。 相似文献