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橡胶砂作为一种新型的廉价隔震材料具有广泛的应用前景,其力学变形特性受两种母材的配合比、粒径比等影响较大。为促进橡胶砂的工程应用,对3种粒径比、6种配比橡胶砂进行了一系列双轴压缩离散元模拟试验,从宏细观角度研究了胶-砂粒径比对橡胶砂力学行为的影响。结果表明:（1）橡胶砂应力-应变曲线在小应变下表现为近似线性增长关系,随着橡胶含量的增加,偏应力逐渐减小,减小程度随粒径比的增大而减弱;（2）随着橡胶颗粒含量的增加,橡胶砂模量降低、应力-应变曲线向硬化型转变、线性关系增强,粒径比越大,硬化特性越明显;（3）随着橡胶颗粒含量的增加,橡胶砂剪胀特性减弱、剪缩增大,粒径比越大,剪缩程度越明显;（4）橡胶砂应力-应变关系可用扩展邓肯-张模型进行模拟,模型参数受粒径比和橡胶颗粒含量影响的规律明显;（5）橡胶砂力学特性受粒径比影响的细观机制可由颗粒接触特性、颗粒配位数、力链分布、能耗发展等变化情况来描述。 相似文献
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颗粒破碎是土石混合体的一种基本属性,机理复杂,影响因素众多。鉴于室内试验受设备、材料等因素限制且费时费力,本文采用Monte Carlo思想构建了能够真实反映块石破碎过程的PFC2D颗粒离散元数值模型,在室内直剪试验和筛分试验基础上进行了数值剪切试验,系统性探究土石混合体块石破碎特性的影响因素及基本规律。结果表明:在法向应力作用下,剪切后试样出现明显的块石破碎现象以分散应力;块石粒径对块石破碎程度影响显著,块石粒径越大,破碎势越大,越易破碎;块石浑圆度较小时,颗粒间接触面积较小,应力集中显著,破碎率较大;颗粒级配连续、良好时,颗粒间咬合充分接触完全,接触受力点较多,碎裂更不易发生;试样初始孔隙率对破碎率影响较小,相同法向应力下,随着孔隙率增大,块石破碎程度呈现轻微增大趋势。 相似文献
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由于煤矿再生岩体围岩结构和成分进行了重组,其力学特性将发生本质变化。根据再生岩体压实成岩过程中破碎岩体多次受压的实际情况,采用广西州景煤矿再生顶板破碎围岩进行有侧限条件的分次压实试验。结果表明:分次压缩过程可分为压实破碎、压实应力记忆和压密固结3个阶段。在第1次压缩时,压实特性曲线呈线性变化,后续压实特性曲线逐渐向指数形式转变,而"压实应力记忆"阶段表现为多项式变化。在侧限压缩条件下,提出以最小势能原理作为判定不规则岩样挤压破碎判据。破碎岩样压缩特性受压实次数和装岩高度的影响,破碎岩样分次压实次数越多,累积压缩应变越大,后续压缩时的应力增量越大。装岩高度越大,压缩至相同压应力时,累积总应变越大。压实应力达到一定程度,不同粗粒径破碎岩样的粒径分布规律趋于一致,据此建立了破碎岩样粒径分布与工程中破碎岩体压实程度之间的相关关系。 相似文献
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压力作用下颗粒发生破碎是引起砂土力学特性变化的重要因素之一, 对于钙质砂这种易破碎的材料更是如此。为进一步弄清颗粒破碎对钙质砂的应力-应变强度影响, 本文对钙质砂进行三轴固结排水剪切试验得到应力-应变曲线, 并筛分得到三轴试验前后钙质砂颗分曲线。通过引入Hardin定义的颗粒相对破碎率Br, 分析了相对密度、围压与颗粒破碎的关系及颗粒破碎对钙质砂应力-应变和抗剪强度的影响。结果表明:随围压的增大颗粒破碎增量逐渐减小, 直到破碎达到一个上限值, 此时围压和相对密度对颗粒破碎影响很小; 颗粒间的滑动标志着应力达到极限状态, 而颗粒破碎会阻碍应力达到极限状态, 在本实验中, 低围压时颗粒破碎少, 颗粒相对运动形式为滑移, 使应力-应变曲线为软化型, 高围压下颗粒破碎严重, 颗粒破碎在剪切过程中始终发生, 使应力-应变曲线呈应变硬化型; 颗粒破碎使体变从剪胀逐渐发展到剪缩, 且破碎越严重剪缩越严重; 在低围压下钙质砂强度主要由剪胀和咬合提供, 高围压下颗粒破碎严重, 剪胀消失, 咬合减小, 使峰值摩擦角减小, 抗剪强度降低。 相似文献
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分形结构是土体中普遍存在的一种现象,通过对分形结构连接部位所占据的影响域（Voronoi域）的分析,将颗粒连接承载能力换算为影响域上的应力强度,由此获得了一些有益的结果。土体颗粒系统结构分维值的大小对土体强度有着明显的影响;基本结构单元的颗粒数越多,形成的环的长度越长,占据的空间就越大,从力学上讲就越不稳定,因此,其强度越低;土体中分形结构的级数实际上决定了土体中最大孔隙的尺寸,分形结构的级数越多,其相应的最大孔隙越大,等效应力强度会越低;发现偶应力强度与基本结构单元的面积（二维）成反比,即基本结构体越大,偶应力强度就越小,由此可推论出：在其他条件相同的情况下,颗粒越大,偶应力强度就会越低。 相似文献
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围绕堆石料单粒强度尺寸效应的颗粒流模拟方法展开研究。首先,基于FISH二次开发建立了堆石料的随机不规则单粒模型,充分考虑堆石料的形状特征和破碎现象;然后,建立了堆石料单粒强度尺寸效应的等效模拟方法,以单粒强度随其粒径的变化规律为基础,推导了堆石料模型中细观黏结强度与堆石料等效粒径的负指数经验公式;其次,基于建立的数值模型对堆石料的室内单粒压缩试验进行仿真模拟,验证数值模型的正确性和合理性,并对较大粒径堆石料的单粒强度进行模拟预测,突出数值试验的优势;最后,基于建立的数值模型对相同粒径不同形状特征堆石料的单粒强度分布特征进行模拟研究。研究结果表明：（1）堆石料内部缺陷含量和尺寸随粒径增加对其单粒强度所产生的尺寸效应,可通过堆石料模型中细观强度参数随粒径折减进行等效模拟;（2）形状特征对堆石料的破裂机制具有重要影响,方形颗粒为压剪破裂,单粒强度较高,而随机不规则颗粒和圆形颗粒为拉剪或劈裂,单粒强度相对较低;（3）拉剪或劈裂条件下,堆石料形状越不规则,其单粒强度的离散程度越高,反之则离散程度越低。相关研究成果可为进一步研究荷载作用下堆石体内各粒径段堆石料的破碎量奠定基础,从而更加真实地反映堆石体的级配演化规律。 相似文献
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利用Wille Geotechnik环向剪切仪对3种不同粒径的珊瑚砂进行了大剪切位移的环向剪切试验,探讨了颗粒破碎对珊瑚砂强度和残余应变发展的影响。试验结果表明：颗粒破碎随着剪切位移的增加逐渐增加,且初始粒径较大的均匀级配珊瑚砂粒径越大颗粒破碎越多。颗粒破碎对峰值强度和残余强度无影响,但对珊瑚砂的体积应变有显著影响,颗粒破碎较多的试样其体积应变也较大。建立了考虑长宽比、球形度和凹凸度的分形维数计算公式。由于颗粒破碎后颗粒形状在全粒径范围内的自相似性和无尺度性,考虑颗粒形状与不考虑颗粒形状的公式计算得到的珊瑚砂分形维数基本一致。 相似文献
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Concrete-faced rockfill dams (CFRD) are widely used in large-scale hydraulic projects. The face slab, the key seepage-proof structure of great concern, has a strong interaction with the neighboring gravel cushion layer due to a significant difference in their stiffness. An elasto-plasticity damage interface element, a numerical format of the EPDI model, is described for numerical analysis of a CFRD that can trace the separation and re-contact between the face slab and the cushion layer at the interface. As verified by simulating slide block and direct shear interface tests, this element was confirmed to capture effectively the primary monotonic and cyclic behaviors of the interface. This element can easily be extended to the finite element method (FEM) programs that involve the Goodman interface element. The analysis of a typical CFRD showed that the interface model describes a significant effect on the stress response of the face slab under different conditions, including dam construction, water storage, and earthquake. Treatments of the cushion layer, such as an asphalt layer, changed the behavior of the interface between it and the face slab, which resulted in a significant effect on the stress response of the face slab. The top of the face slab exhibited a significant separation from the cushion layer during construction, induced mainly by construction of the neighboring dam body. 相似文献
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This study presents a finite element (FE) micromechanical modelling approach for the simulation of linear and damage‐coupled viscoelastic behaviour of asphalt mixture. Asphalt mixture is a composite material of graded aggregates bound with mastic (asphalt and fine aggregates). The microstructural model of asphalt mixture incorporates an equivalent lattice network structure whereby intergranular load transfer is simulated through an effective asphalt mastic zone. The finite element model integrates the ABAQUS user material subroutine with continuum elements for the effective asphalt mastic and rigid body elements for each aggregate. A unified approach is proposed using Schapery non‐linear viscoelastic model for the rate‐independent and rate‐dependent damage behaviour. A finite element incremental algorithm with a recursive relationship for three‐dimensional (3D) linear and damage‐coupled viscoelastic behaviour is developed. This algorithm is used in a 3D user‐defined material model for the asphalt mastic to predict global linear and damage‐coupled viscoelastic behaviour of asphalt mixture. For linear viscoelastic study, the creep stiffnesses of mastic and asphalt mixture at different temperatures are measured in laboratory. A regression‐fitting method is employed to calibrate generalized Maxwell models with Prony series and generate master stiffness curves for mastic and asphalt mixture. A computational model is developed with image analysis of sectioned surface of a test specimen. The viscoelastic prediction of mixture creep stiffness with the calibrated mastic material parameters is compared with mixture master stiffness curve over a reduced time period. In regard to damage‐coupled viscoelastic behaviour, cyclic loading responses of linear and rate‐independent damage‐coupled viscoelastic materials are compared. Effects of particular microstructure parameters on the rate‐independent damage‐coupled viscoelastic behaviour are also investigated with finite element simulations of asphalt numerical samples. Further study describes loading rate effects on the asphalt viscoelastic properties and rate‐dependent damage behaviour. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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One dimensional solutions for the classic critical upward seepage gradient/quick condition and the time rate of consolidation problems are obtained using coupled routines for the finite volume method (FVM) and discrete element method (DEM), and the results compared with the analytical solutions. The two phase flow in a system composed of fluid and solid is simulated with the fluid phase modeled by solving the averaged Navier–Stokes equation using the FVM and the solid phase is modeled using the DEM. A framework is described for the coupling of two open source computer codes: YADE-OpenDEM for the discrete element method and OpenFOAM for the computational fluid dynamics. The particle–fluid interaction is quantified using a semi-empirical relationship proposed by Ergun [12]. The two classical verification problems are used to explore issues encountered when using coupled flow DEM codes, namely, the appropriate time step size for both the fluid and mechanical solution processes, the choice of the viscous damping coefficient, and the number of solid particles per finite fluid volume. 相似文献
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The Donghekou landslide-debris flow was a remarkable geological disaster triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. The dynamic process of a rapid landslide-debris flow is very complicated and can be divided into two aspects: the slope dynamic response of the earthquake and the mass movement and accumulation process. A numerical method combined with a finite difference method (FDM) and discrete element method (DEM) for simulation of landslide-debris flow under seismic loading is presented. The FDM and DEM are coupled through the critical sliding surface, initiation time and velocity. The dynamic response of the slope is simulated by the finite difference method, and critical sliding surface is determined using the earthquake response spectrum method. The landslide initiation time and the velocity are determined by time–history analysis. The mass movement and accumulation process is simulated using the discrete element method. Simulation results demonstrate that the maximum amplification coefficient of dynamic acceleration for the Donghekou slope is approximately 3.909, the initiation time of landslide is approximately 6.0 s, and the average initial velocity of the sliding mass is approximately 0.85 m/s. The failure of the slope is the result of elevation-orientated amplification effect and the sliding mass triggered with a small initial velocity. The numerical simulated result of the maximum sliding velocity is approximately 66.35 m/s, and the mass is disintegrated rapidly because of collision and free fall. The landslide velocity decreases when the flowing mass reaches a lower slope angle and gradually comes to a stop, and the total travel distance is approximately 2400 m. 相似文献
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大规模超长群桩基础工作性能的数值模拟 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
超长桩基础在土木工程中的应用越来越多,但对其工作性状的研究相对滞后。以某超长群桩基础工程为例,用三维非线性有限元方法分析了超长单桩及群桩的工作性能。计算中桩、土和承台的有限元模型均用8节点六面体等参单元,桩-土界面用有厚度的接触面单元模拟;混凝土的应力-应变关系用线弹性模型,土体用非线性Duncan-Chang弹性模型模拟;承台施工过程用分级加荷的方法模拟,承台混凝土的硬化过程用变化模量的方法模拟。计算结果表明,超长单桩的承载性状属摩擦桩,其桩身失稳的原因是桩侧土体的破坏;在群桩基础中,不同位置基桩的工作性能不完全相同,承台周边桩的工作性能与单桩类似,而与内部桩的差别较大;现行规范中推荐的群桩效应系数和有限元计算结果间存在较大差别,表明现行规范可能不适用于超长群桩基础,对超长群桩基础的工作性能进行深入研究是必要的。 相似文献
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Tsuyoshi Ishida 《Computers and Geotechnics》1990,9(4):341-353
To examine the accuracy and the chracteristics of the Distinct Element Method (DEM) which has non-deformable elements, the results simulated by the DEM were compared to the results of experiments and/or theories for three simple block models of a pillar, a mass and a toppling model. Consequently, it was elucidated that the DEM is a good numerical method which can be effectively applied to toppling failure of real fissured rock slopes. 相似文献
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面板堆石坝垂直缝破坏下三维渗流场有限元模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用改进节点虚流量法求解无压稳定渗流场,并引入无厚度的裂缝模型对破坏的垂直缝渗流行为进行模拟,得到面板堆石坝裂缝渗流问题的有限元分析方法,并编制Fortran程序。以某混凝土面板堆石坝为例,计算了面板单一垂直缝破坏和多条垂直缝破坏条件下的三维渗流场,得到不同条件下渗流场的水头分布、浸润线以及渗漏量,系统分析了面板堆石坝在垂直缝破坏条件下的稳定渗流场规律和特点。结果表明,该方法能对渗流逸出点和浸润线进行准确定位,还能很好地模拟面板垂直缝破坏对坝区渗流场的影响,可以为面板堆石坝的接缝设计提供参考。 相似文献