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对于砂岩文物,成分不同、结构不同,表面变化过程和变化结果也不同。以中国三处(石门山、云冈石窟、乐山大佛)砂岩文物为例,联合使用肉眼鉴定与灰度阈值法得到了砂岩文物CT图像中不同矿物成分的实际分布,分析了不同位置切片图像的成分特点与结构特点,研究了砂岩内部结构数字图像特征参数的变化规律,探讨了三处砂岩文物数字图像特征参数的区别及其与岩样外观表现的关系。结果表明,三处砂岩文物样品主要成分均为石英和长石,石英含量大小顺序是石门山砂岩>云冈石窟砂岩>乐山大佛砂岩;乐山大佛砂岩形状变化最小,云冈石窟砂岩次之,石门山砂岩形状最不规则;石门山砂岩纹理最复杂,乐山大佛砂岩最为简单;乐山大佛砂岩表面风化严重、但随深度增加变化不明显,云冈石窟砂岩距表面越深、风化越弱,石门山砂岩风化变化比较复杂。研究结果对石质文物保护具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
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忠县地面石质文物风化病害形式有：裂隙状风化、页片状风化、絮粉状风化、松胀状风化。其中以絮粉状风化对文物破坏最为严重。控制风化的主要因素是：岩性和岩体结构、气候和气象条件、人为的污染。现场简易强度测试数据表明，风化石材的力学强度明显下降。最后提出了三峡水库蓄水前，对石质文物搬迁和保护的建议。参加研究工作的还有王金华、陈超平、唐毅烈、邓修甫、卞大巍、黄明元等人。表１３处文物概况Ｔａｂｌｅ１ＳｕｒｖｅｙｏｆｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｅｓｔｏｎｅｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｒｅｌｉｃｓｉｎＺｈｏｎｇｘｉａｎＣｏｕｎｔｙ表２石材的化学成分（％）Ｔａｂｌｅ２Ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｒｏｃｋｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ注：丁房阙石样已非新鲜岩石。表３石材岩块的主要物理力学性质指标Ｔａｂｌｅ３Ｍａｉｎｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ－ｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓｏｆｒｏｃｋｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ注：灰绿色砂岩试验成果取自三峡工程库区环境地质研究有关资料。２石质文物的风化病害分析受自然地质环境及人文环境的制约，３处石质文物的主要环境病害是风化病害。２．１风化病害形式［１］（１）裂隙状风化。这是一种典型的物理风化形式，见于无铭阙和临江岩摩崖造像。无 相似文献
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成都金堂李家梁子M23号墓出土的汉朝石棺存在表面粉化、剥落等病害现象,急需保护修复。现场调查表明,该石质文物风化病害主要表现为裂隙状风化、页片状风化、粒状风化、粉末状风化等。本文借助X射线衍射(XRD)、偏光显微镜、扫描电镜等对金堂石质文物进行了微观成分及结构分析。结果表明,文物材质为红色砂岩,其碎屑物主要为石英、钠长石、岩屑和少量云母,胶结物以钙质为主,含少量的炭质及泥质。该砂岩产生风化病害的主要原因是钙质胶结物的溶解流失及泥质胶结物遇水的崩解,同时还受岩屑、长石类碎屑风化蚀变的影响。该研究可为石棺的后期保护修复工作提供基础科学数据。 相似文献
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黄克忠 《水文地质工程地质》1984,(3)
本文从文物保护的角度,提出了一个重要的工程地质问题——岩体的抗风化问题。我国有着无数极为珍贵的石雕艺术品。在长期自然的和人为的作用下,一些古老的石雕、石窟艺术品遭受着风化剥蚀或濒于毁坏。保护和抢救这些文化珍品需要多方面的努力,其中也需要工程地质和有关学科工作者共同协作,来开展这方面的研究工作。同时,对建筑石材和某些工程来讲,岩体的抗风化性能的研究和评价也是重要的课题。在这方面,不仅要研究风化营力、风化过程、风化速度以及规律;而且需要加强抵抗风化的各种有效措施的研究,使遭受破坏的石质文物和某些工程得到抢救和保护。 相似文献
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石窟寺是宝贵的石质文物,但在复杂的赋存环境、长期的侵蚀风化以及人类活动的影响下产生了多种变形破坏问题.详细的破坏分类体系是石窟寺病害表征、解释、分级和预测的基础,而目前尚未有针对石窟变形破坏的综合分类方法.分析了川渝、陇东地区代表性石窟的工程地质条件和变形破坏特性,将石窟的变形破坏类型分为工程地质成因型和工程地质力学型,建立了2大类、6亚类、24种破坏现象的综合分类体系.采用工程地质类比法对比了石窟变形破坏及诱发机制的南北差异.陇东石窟因卸荷产生的变形破坏更多,而微环境扰动带来的变形破坏在川渝石窟更突出.在微环境扰动下,川渝石窟的破坏响应以鳞片状剥落破坏为主,而陇东石窟以渔网状剥蚀破坏为主. 相似文献
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高密度电法探测是一种分辨率较高的物探方法,这里结合石质文物表层劣化程度检测及石窟渗水构造探测研究,介绍了微电极高密度电法探测系统的精细成像原理及物理模型试验结果.在山西云冈石窟文物近表层和洛阳龙门石窟潜溪寺地表,进行了微电极高密度电法探测.经测试结果表明,微电极高密度电法探测系统,能有效地评价文物近表面微构造(裂隙)发育、含水情况和划分风化带,说明微电极高密度电法探测系统在文物监测、保护领域能发挥重要的作用. 相似文献
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Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
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Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
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The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
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Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
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正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level 相似文献
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正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7), 相似文献
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正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci- 相似文献
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正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli- 相似文献
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正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.) 相似文献