共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 390 毫秒
1.
硅元素是地球第二大组成元素,深刻影响着地表物质循环,是陆海相互作用研究、全球碳循环研究的关键元素之一.从自然风化、生物过程和人类活动3个方面综述了国内外有关地表过程对硅产出影响的研究进展,重点分析了生物过程和人类活动在硅生物地球化学循环过程中的作用.综合分析指出,应着重开展生物参与下原生/次生硅酸盐矿物风化速率的研究,重视高等植物在区域硅循环中的作用;富营养化与筑坝对于河流硅的滞留都十分重要,因筑坝产生的水库清水下泄在中下游河道产生的潜在效应很可能对河口硅输入产生重要的影响.应采用地球化学示踪技术,加强这方面的定量研究、模型研究、过程研究以及系统的综合性研究,特别是对流域地表过程的改变以及与筑坝、富营养化过程的联合作用,应进行深入的多学科交叉综合研究. 相似文献
2.
海洋硅循环是海洋生物地球化学循环的关键过程之一,对调控全球二氧化碳浓度、海洋酸碱度和多种元素(氮、磷、铁、铝等)的循环具有重要作用。在当今气候变化和人类活动影响日益增强的背景下,硅循环与“生物泵”及碳循环的紧密联系,是其成为地球科学领域研究热点的主要原因。海洋中硅的外部来源主要为河流、地下水、大气沉降、海底玄武岩风化作用和海底热液输送5个途径,在全球气温变暖趋势的影响下,极地冰川融化成为高纬度海域不可忽视的硅源。生物硅在沉积物中的埋藏、硅质海绵和生物硅的反风化作用是重要的海洋硅移除过程。海洋硅循环过程复杂,受生物(生物吸收、降解)、物理(吸附、溶解)和化学(矿化分解和反风化作用)多重因素的影响,针对海洋硅循环关键过程的研究有助于综合评估海洋硅的“源-汇”和收支。本文总结了海洋硅循环的主要过程及海洋硅的收支,根据国际和国内研究现状讨论了当前海洋硅循环研究中面临的主要问题和挑战。现有研究成果显示,海洋硅的外源输入和输出通量比以往的评估分别增加了2.4和2.2倍。在短时间尺度内(<8 ka),全球海洋中硅的收支大致平衡,海洋硅循环基本处于稳定状态。气候变化和人类活动导致河流输送至陆架边缘海的硅通量发生变化,可能影响硅藻等海洋浮游植物种群结构,是未来海洋硅循环研究需要关注的问题之一。陆架边缘海较高沉积速率和强烈的反风化作用提高了该区域生物硅的埋藏效率,准确评估该区域生物硅的埋藏通量仍是亟须解决的难题。目前的研究评估了全球海洋浮游硅藻、硅质海绵以及放射虫生产力,而海洋底栖硅藻生产力的贡献受到忽视,未来需要关注底栖硅藻对生物硅的贡献及其在海洋硅的生物地球化学过程中的作用。 相似文献
3.
硅的生物地球化学循环研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
生命元素硅在陆地生态系统和水生生态系统中都扮演着重要的角色。它的生物地球化学循环与全球碳循环和全球气候交化密切相关。因此,近年来逐渐成为研究的热点。本文概述了近年来国内外有关硅的生物地球化学循环的研究进展,包括陆地和海洋中硅的生物地球化学循环过程及人类活动对硅循环的影响等方面,指出日前研究中存在的问题,展望了研究的重点。 相似文献
4.
陆地硅的生物地球化学循环研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
地球表层硅(Si)的生物地球化学循环与大气CO2浓度变化、大洋生物泵作用以及海岸带富营养化等过程密切相关,因此成为全球环境变化研究的核心问题之一。在地质时间尺度上,硅酸盐矿物的化学风化是地球表层所有次生Si的来源。陆地生态系统各次生Si库具有不同的形成机制和驱动因子,这导致各Si库的贮存量和循环周期存在明显差异。土壤Si库中的黏土矿物Si、溶解硅(DSi)和淀积在其他矿物表面的无定形Si都源自硅酸盐矿物的化学风化过程;植物生长过程中吸收土壤中的DSi形成生物Si,然后经微生物分解过程返还给土壤;地表径流将流域陆源Si以悬移质Si和DSi的形式输入河流、海洋。迄今,陆地不同形态Si库的大小及其对全球Si循环的贡献仍不确定。因此,在研究陆地Si的生物地球化学循环过程中,综合考虑各种地表过程及其耦合作用是非常必要的。 相似文献
5.
东北地区土壤有效硅的时空分异及其对芦苇植硅体形成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在东北地区按温湿差异选取12个芦苇样点,对其芦苇植硅体、芦苇中有效硅和土壤有效硅进行研究,分析土壤有效硅对植硅体形成的影响,对于植硅体形成机理和古环境重建具有重要意义.结果表明,土壤有效硅含量和植硅体浓度在样点间存在明显差异.在芦苇的不同生长期,土壤有效硅含量差异不明显,芦苇中有效硅含量差异明显.7、8月时,植株吸收的有效硅主要用于植硅体的形成,植硅体浓度较高,且易受到土壤与芦苇有效硅含量比值的影响.9、10月植硅体浓度较低,可能由于成熟期芦苇叶片中硅含量较少而形成较少植硅体.土壤和芦苇有效硅含量的比值约为4时,硅吸收方式可能从主动逐渐转变为被动.此外,芦苇中多数形态的植硅体浓度和土壤与芦苇有效硅含量的比值呈负相关,说明土壤有效硅含量的变化对芦苇植硅体的形成有着一定影响. 相似文献
6.
作为地壳中第二大元素,硅对土壤形成、陆生高等植物和水生浮游植物生长发育以及碳循环有着重要的影响。在气候变化加剧的背景下,硅生物地球化学循环研究变得格外重要。近年来关于陆地和海洋系统的硅循环研究相对成熟,而大气系统中的硅研究明显缺乏。气溶胶是大气中的活跃组分和元素地球化学循环的重要载体。目前关于气溶胶中硅的组成、来源以及部分地区硅沉降负荷的重要程度的认识还不够,制约了对表层地球系统中硅循环的认知。基于当前国内外的研究成果,总结了气溶胶硅的组成及其与其他元素间的耦合关系,综述了新兴的硅同位素在大气颗粒物溯源方面的应用,分析了沿海地区硅长距离传输的生态效应以及硅纳米颗粒对公共健康的影响。总体来说,气溶胶中硅以无机硅为主,部分近海海域气溶胶硅的沉降对于浮游植物生长具有控制作用。未来需要针对气溶胶硅的产生和转化机理、硅沉降及其对生物地球化学循环关键过程的影响以及硅纳米颗粒的毒理效应等方面开展进一步研究。 相似文献
7.
8.
《地球科学进展》2017,(8)
植硅体碳(Phytolith-Occluded Carbon,Phyt OC)是一种相对稳定的碳组分,在生物地球化学碳循环和减缓全球变暖中扮演着重要角色。在总结前人研究的基础上,论述了植硅体碳的形成机制和其碳汇能力的影响因素,综述了当前中国陆地生态系统植硅体碳汇的研究成果,探讨了中国陆地生态系统植硅体碳汇的调控机制,最后对未来中国陆地生态系统植硅体碳汇的研究方向进行了展望。气候、地表植被类型、土壤环境及植硅体自身化学组份等诸多因素都将直接或间接影响植硅体的碳汇能力。中国草地、农田、森林、湿地和灌丛生态系统植硅体碳产生速率分别为(0.6±0.1)×106,(4.9±1.7)×106,(1.9±0.4)×106,(0.6±0.5)×106和(1.3±0.3)×106t CO2/a。含硅材料施加、高硅植物栽培和传统的提高植物地上净初级生产力等措施均可显著提高中国陆地生态系统植硅体碳汇潜力。今后应进一步研究不同植物产生植硅体碳的机理,加强不同陆地生态系统中植物地下部分植硅体碳汇能力的研究,对不同陆地生态系统土壤植硅体碳汇量进行量化,并提出更加全面、经济、合理的管理措施以提高植硅体碳汇量。 相似文献
9.
长白山北坡垂直植被带表土植硅体组合研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
长白山垂直分布的植被是欧亚大陆从温带到寒带植被水平地带性的缩影。对其北坡不同海拔高度植被带土壤中的植硅体进行初次研究,结果发现,该山北坡海拔700m到2630m的土壤中发育了形态和数量丰富的植硅体。不同植被带植硅体组合的含量各不相同,主要特征表现为随海拔升高示冷型的植硅体含量整体呈上升趋势,而示暖型的植硅体含量整体呈下降趋势。温泉附近土壤中的植硅体则表现出明显的与其上下相邻地点不同的特点。它对中国东北第四纪沉积物中植硅体组合的研究及第四纪古植被和古环境的重建可提供重要的基础性资料。 相似文献
10.
现代植物植硅体化学组成研究有利于揭示植硅体的化学组成与细胞形态、植物种类及植物生长环境之间的关系,认识植硅体形成机制、植物分类及生态意义。植硅体化学组成测试方法多种多样,主要涉及植硅体化学元素组成及Si、O和C元素同位素组成测定,研究表明植硅体主要含二氧化硅和水,封闭有少量的有机成分及多种矿质元素。在植硅体封闭有机成分存在形式,部分元素的形成、迁移等循环机理,稳定碳同位素组成、分布及其生态指示意义以及^14C测年研究等方面取得一定认识。植物种类、组织部位、细胞微环境以及植物生长的环境因子能够影响植硅体的化学组成。植硅体化学组成研究对植硅体形成机制及碳、硅等元素循环具有重要意义,植硅体部分化学元素、植硅体稳定同位素组成及^14C测年具有较好的古环境及考古研究潜力。现代植物植硅体化学组成及其与环境因子的关系,以及植硅体电子探针微区研究有待于进一步深入开展。 相似文献
11.
Nan Ma Zhaoliang Song Baoli Wang Fushun Wang Xiaomin Yang Xiaodong Zhang Qian Hao Yuntao Wu 《中国地球化学学报》2017,36(4):626-637
Rivers link terrestrial ecosystems and marine ecosystems, and they transport large amounts of substances into oceans each year, including several forms of silicon (Si), carbon (C), and other nutrients. However, river damming affects the water flow and biogeochemical cycles of Si, C, and other nutrients through biogeochemical interacting processes. In this review, we first summarize the current understanding of the effects of river damming on the processes of biogeochemical Si cycle, especially the source, composition, and recycling process of biogenic silica (BSi). Then, we introduce dam impacts on the cycles of C and some other nutrients. Dissolved silicon in rivers is mainly released from phytolith dissolution and silicate weathering. BSi in suspended matter or sediments in most rivers mainly consists of phytoliths and mainly originates from soil erosion. However, diatom growth and deposition in many reservoirs formed by river interception may significantly increase the contribution of diatom Si to total BSi, and thus significantly influence the biogeochemical Si, C, and nutrient cycles. Yet the turnover of phytoliths and diatoms in different rivers formed by river damming is still poorly quantified. Thus, they should be further investigated to enhance our understanding about the effects of river damming on global biogeochemical Si, C and nutrient cycles. 相似文献
12.
An annual budget for dissolved silica (DSi) and biogenic silica (BSi) was constructed for the Scheldt estuary and for the entire riverine and estuarine Scheldt tidal system (Belgium/The Netherlands) using previously published silica concentrations and fluxes for the period 2003–2005. The annual estuarine DSi mass-balance was established, based on seasonal fluxes estimated using measured DSi concentrations and (fully transient) model simulations of conservative transport. The annual BSi mass-balance was deduced from measured BSi contents in the suspended particulate matter and annual mud fluxes taken from the literature. The Scheldt estuary acted as a net sink not only for the BSi carried by the tidal river as well as that produced by diatoms in the estuary, but also for large amounts of BSi imported from the coastal zone. This results in the retention of dissolved and biogenic silica higher than that of DSi alone, which is in contrast with the classical consideration that rivers act as a source of BSi for the coastal zone. DSi and silica (DSi + BSi) retentions amounted to, respectively, 28 and 64 % in the estuary, and 33 and 66 % in the entire tidal system. This study highlights thus the predominant role of the estuary in the entire Scheldt tidal system when dealing with silica dynamics, as well as the importance of including BSi when investigating estuarine silica retention. 相似文献
13.
根据陆海相互作用的观点,黄河流域、黄河干流、河口三角洲及其邻近海区的生态环境相互联系,组成了一个有机的生态系统链,可称为黄河-渤海生态系统。黄河流域的降水量、土壤植被条件使黄河干流具有水少沙多、水沙异源和水资源缺乏的特征。干流入海水、沙通量变化影响了黄河三角洲地区的侵蚀、堆积和发育过程。黄河物质入海后在河口及邻近海域形成了具有高生产力的生态环境和著名的渔场。据此绘出了黄河-渤海生态环境内各环节相互联系的概念模式图,并提出了黄河流域大面积水土保持和南水北调工程逐步展开等新环境下,本区陆海相互作用的研究方向。 相似文献
14.
Assessing modern arboreal phytolith sensitivity to vegetation variations in temperate forest regions
Gui‐Zai Gao Dong‐Mei Jie De‐Hui Li Nan‐Nan Li Li‐Dan Liu Hong‐Yan Liu Cheng‐Cheng Leng Jiang‐Yong Wang Bao‐Jian Liu Ping Li 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2019,48(3):731-745
To assess the reliability of arboreal phytoliths for differentiating vegetation types in temperate forest regions, we systematically analysed arboreal leaf phytoliths from 72 arboreal plants and 49 modern soils from three forest types in northeast China. The arboreal leaf phytolith production and morphotypes were highly variable between species. The arboreal leaf phytolith assemblages could clearly distinguish between broadleaf and coniferous species, but they were much less successful in differentiating broadleaved trees into subtaxa. Coniferous leaf morphotypes were successfully used to differentiate coniferous trees into families and subtaxa, especially in the Pinaceae. Two diagnostic broadleaved and six coniferous phytolith morphotypes were recognized within the modern soil beneath forest ecosystems. These arboreal phytoliths comprised up to 10–15% of the total soil phytoliths, and were dominated by coniferous types. Arboreal phytolith concentrations and phytolith assemblages in the soils fluctuated substantially amongst the three forest types. Soil arboreal phytolith assemblages were successfully used to differentiate samples from Larix mixed forest, broadleaf forest and Pinus koraiensis mixed forest. In addition, the arboreal index quantitatively distinguished the three forest types, with B/BE values <0.4 for Larix mixed forest samples, values from 0.4 to 0.6 for broadleaf forest samples, and values from 0.6 to 0.9 for P. koraiensis mixed forest. Thus, our surface soil arboreal phytolith assemblages and arboreal index are a useful reference for differentiating forest ecotypes, and they also provide reliable analogues for arboreal phytoliths from palaeoecological contexts in temperate forest regions. 相似文献
15.
Tillamook Bay, Oregon, is a drowned river estuary that receives freshwater input from 5 rivers and exchanges ocean water through
a single channel. Similar to other western United States estuaries, the bay exhibits a strong seasonal change in river discharge
in which there is a pronounced winter maximum and summer minimum in precipitation and runoff. The behavior of major inorganic
nutrients (phosphorus, nitrogen, and silica) within the watershed is examined over seasonal cycles and under a range of river
discharge conditions for October 1997–December 1999. Monthly and seasonal sampling stations include transects extending from
the mouth of each river to the mouth of the estuary as well as 6–10 sites upstream along each of the 5 major rivers. Few studies
have examined nutrient cycling in Pacific Northwest estuaries. This study evaluates the distributions of inorganic nutrients
to understand the net processes occurring within this estuary. Based upon this approach, we hypothesize that nutrient behavior
in the Tillamook Bay estuary can be explained by two dominant factors: freshwater flushing time and biological uptake and
regeneration. Superimposed on these two processes is seasonal variability in nutrient concentrations of coastal waters via
upwelling. Freshwater flushing time determines the amount of time for the uptake of nutrients by phytoplankton, for exchange
with suspended particles, and for interaction with the sediments. Seasonal coastal upwelling controls the timing and extent
of oceanic delivery of nutrients to the estuary. We suggest that benthic regeneration of nutrients is also an important process
within the estuary occurring seasonally according to the flushing characteristics of the estuary. Silicic acid, nitrate, and
NH4
+ supply to the bay appears to be dominated by riverine input. PO4
−3 supply is dominated by river input during periods of high river flow (winter months) with oceanic input via upwelling and
tidal exchange important during other times (spring, summer, and fall months). Departures from conservative mixing indicate
that internal estuarine sources of dissolved inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen are also significant over an annual cycle. 相似文献
16.
Hydrographic patterns and chlorophyll concentrations in the Columbia River estuary were compared for spring and summer periods
during 2004 through 2006. Riverine and oceanic sources of chlorophyll were evaluated at stations along a 27-km along-estuary
transect in relation to time series of wind stress, river flow, and tidal stage. Patterns of chlorophyll concentration varied
between seasons and years. In spring, the chlorophyll distribution was dominated by high concentrations from freshwater sources.
Periods of increased stream flow limited riverine chlorophyll production. In summer, conversely, upwelling winds induced input
of high-salinity water from the ocean to the estuary, and this water was often associated with relatively high chlorophyll
concentrations. The frequency, duration, and intensity of upwelling events varied both seasonally and interannually, and this
variation affected the timing and magnitude of coastally derived material imported to the estuary. The main source of chlorophyll
thus varied from riverine in spring to coastal in summer. In both spring and summer seasons and among years, modulation of
the spring/neap tidal cycle determined stratification, patterns of mixing, and the fate of (especially freshwater) phytoplankton.
Spring tides had higher mixing and neap tides greater stratification, which affected the vertical distribution of chlorophyll.
The Columbia River differs from the more tidally dominated coastal estuaries in the Pacific Northwest by its large riverine
phytoplankton production and transfer of this biogenic material to the estuary and coastal ocean. However, all Pacific Northwest
coastal estuaries investigated to date have exhibited advection of coastally derived chlorophyll during the upwelling season.
This constitutes a fundamental difference between Pacific Northwest estuaries and systems not bounded by a coastal upwelling
zone. 相似文献