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1.
G. A. Chelnokov N. A. Kharitonova N. N. Zykin O. F. Vereshchagina 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2008,2(6):521-527
Original isotopic and chemical data are reported on the groundwater and gases from the unique occurrence of mineral water in the coastal zone of southern Primorye. Results of the δ18O and δ2H analysis of the underground and surface water of the area integrated with their δ13C composition made it possible to solve the problem of the genesis and evolution of groundwater and gases in the coastal part of the Sea of Japan. It was established that meteoric waters penetrate into the Mesozoic terrigenous rocks and changed their chemical composition under the influence of transformation of organic matter from the host rocks. CO2 released owing to reactions provides multiple enrichment of the water in HCO3 and stimulates Na influx via dissolution of aluminosilicates. 相似文献
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N. A. Krivolutskaya 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2011,53(4):309-339
The timing of the emplacement of ore-bearing melts in the process of evolution of flood-basalt magmatism in the Noril’sk District
is discussed. The current models of ore formation consider the emplacement of ore-bearing intrusions either under the conditions
of a closed magmatic system as a product of a self-dependent magmatic event, or under the conditions of an open magmatic system,
where intrusions are parts of the conduits feeding lava flows. In both cases, the composition of the initial magma, the content
of volatile components therein, and the contribution of country rock assimilation are important for the development of a genetic
model. The relationships between lavas and intrusions are exemplified in the South Maslov intrusion, which cuts through the
rocks of the Nadezhdinsky Formation. No geological evidence for links of lavas to intrusions has been established. Substantial
difference in geochemistry (Ti contents, Gd/Yb and La/Sm ratios, etc.) of the tuff and lava sequence on the northern shore
of Lake Lama and the Maslov intrusions are demonstrated. It is concluded that the Noril’sk deposits were formed as products
of emplacement of self-dependent portion of magma in the post-lower Nadezhdinsky time. The melt composition determined from
melt inclusions in olivine corresponds to high-Mg tholeiitic basalt (up to 7–8 wt % MgO) containing up to 1 wt % H2O and 0.3 wt % Cl and undersaturated with sulfur. The fluid regime of flood-basalt volcanism had no anomalous features—the
fluid was aqueous-carbon dioxide. The melts of ore-bearing and barren intrusions had similar concentrations of volatile components.
The distribution of major and trace elements in intrusive rocks of the contact zone with the lower part of the Nadezhdinsky
Formation characterized by high (La/Sm)N ratio in comparison with gabbroic rocks (2.8–2.3 and 1.3–1.6, respectively), indicates that contamination of the initial
melt only took place in a narrow (1 m) contact zone or did not develop at all. New data on isotopic compositions of Sr (87Sr/86Sr)251 = 0.7089 and Pb (206Pb/204Pb = 20.877–24.528 in anhydrite confirm that local assimilation did not play a substantial role in the formation of rock and
ores. On the basis of chemical composition of ore-forming intrusions, their isotopic characteristics, and the composition
of melt inclusions in olivine, it is suggested that the lower crustal rocks were a major source of ore-bearing magmas. 相似文献
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M. G. Leonov 《Geotectonics》2008,42(5):327-356
The factual material and modeling results concerning the geology of specific structural elements defined as lateral protrusions, or flowing layers, are considered. The formation of such structural elements is a fundamental phenomenon that controls many features of the structural evolution and geodynamics of platform basement and foldbelts. A lateral protrusion, or flowing layer, is a spatially constrained, nearly horizontal geological body with attributes of 3D tectonic flow (rheid deformation) and lateral transport of rock masses. Flowing layers are large lateral protrusions that play important role in the structure of the continental and oceanic lithosphere. They embody the internal mobility of huge rock bodies and confirm the possibility of their lateral redistribution at different depths of the continental lithosphere. The lateral displacement of rocks within such assemblies may occur in the regime of cold deformation, heating, metamorphism, and ductile flow of rocks under subsolidus conditions or in the process of their partial melting. 相似文献
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P. Ya. Tishchenko T. A. Mikhailik G. Yu. Pavlova P. P. Tishchenko A. M. Koltunov Jing Zhang 《Geochemistry International》2017,55(3):282-293
The paper suggests an accurate approach to studying carbonate equilibrium in the water of the Razdol’naya River. The approach involves measuring pH by Pitzer’s scale, using a cell without liquid junction; measuring the total alkalinity by Bruevich’s technique; and using apparent constants of carbonate equilibrium with regard for the organic alkalinity. The Pitzer technique was employed to calculate the apparent constants of carbonate equilibrium in solution that models the riverine water: Ca(HCO3)2–NaCl–H2O within the range of alkalinity of 0–0.005 mol/kg and temperatures of 0–25°C. Carbonate equilibrium in the water of the Razdol’naya River was sampled for studying at eight sites during all four seasons. Although the contents of biogenic compounds in the water are high, they can merely insignificantly affect the acid–base equilibrium, which is controlled in the riverine water by carbonate equilibrium and the concentrations of humic substances, which play the greater role, the greater the discharge of the river. In addition to the production and destruction of organic matter, carbonate equilibrium in the river is also affected by the supply of humic substances with soil waters and total alkalinity with groundwaters. The fluxes of alkalinity and humic substances annually brought by the Razdol’naya River to Amur Bay are evaluated at 1.33 × 109 mol and 9.9 × 106 kgC, respectively. The carbon dioxide export with the Razdol’naya River is equal to the alkalinity flux and does not depend on the weathering mechanisms. 相似文献
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This article is complementary to Claudio Margottinis technical article Instability and geotechnical problems of the Buddha niches and surrounding cliff in Bamiyan Valley, central Afghanistan, published in Vol. 1, issue 1 of this journal. The present article provides background information on the framework of UNESCOs strategies for the safeguarding of Afghanistans cultural heritage and, in particular, the Bamiyan site, the mechanisms for the development of operational projects, capacity building of national specialists, UNESCOs partnerships and its fund-raising activities for the successful implementation of projects. The Division of Cultural Heritage is closely involved in ICL, therefore, it was natural to include UNESCOs project for the safeguarding of the Bamiyan site in the framework of IPL. It was approved as IPL project C101-3 titled The geo-morphological instability of the Buddha niches and surroundings cliffs in the Bamiyan Valley.The author is program specialist in charge of Asia at UNESCOs Division of Cultural Heritage and member of ICL 相似文献
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Recent data were summarized on the concentration and mass of inorganic and organic carbon in reservoirs of the Earth’s hydrosphere. We compared carbon masses and accumulation conditions in the surface hydrosphere and waters of the sedimentary shell and proportions between carbonate, dissolved, and suspended particulate organic carbon. It was shown that the total masses of carbon in the surface hydrosphere and in the waters of the sedimentary shell are approximately equal to 80 × 1018 g C at an organic to carbonate carbon ratio of 1 : 36 and 1 : 43, respectively. Three main forms of organic compounds in the ocean (living organisms, suspended particles, and dissolved species) occur in the proportion 1 : 13 : 250 and form the pyramid of masses 4 × 1015 g, 50 × 1015 g, and 1000 × 1015 g Corg. The descending sequence of the organic to carbonate carbon ratio in water, ocean (1 : 36) > glaciers (1 : 8) > lakes (1 : 2) > rivers (1 : 0.6) > wetlands (1 : 0.3), is in general consistent with an increase in the same direction in the mean concentrations of organic matter: 0.77 mg Corg/L in the ocean, 0.7 mg Corg/L in glaciers, 6–30 mg Corg/L in lakes, 15 mg Corg/L in rivers, and 75 mg Corg/L in wetlands. Both the mean concentrations and masses of dissolved organic matter in the pore waters of oceanic sediments and in the waters of the sedimentary shell are similar: 36–37 mg/L and 5 × 1018 and 5.6 × 1018 g, respectively. The mass of carbonate carbon in the pore waters of the ocean, (19–33) × 1018 g, is comparable with its mass in the water column, 38.1 × 1018 g. 相似文献
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Doklady Earth Sciences - The results of studying the structural features of an anomalous magnetic field and modeling sources in the Earth’s crust of the Middle Ural region are presented. A... 相似文献
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The granitoids of the Dal’negorsk borosilicate deposit are ascribed mainly to the high-K metaluminous rocks of the calcic and alkali-calcic series. The thermo-baro-geo-chemical studies showed that they originated from melts with low contents of water (H2O < 3.5% H2O) and CO2 at 800–850°C and 65–90 MPa. The data on the average contents of elements in the rock-forming minerals and the estimated initial water content in the magma point to the absence of a genetic relation between the intrusion and boron mineralization. The granitoid magma was responsible for the skarn formation and for the mobilization and remobilization of boron under a favorable environment. The K/Ar dating (51.0 ± 10 Ma), the geochemical typification (signatures of within-plate, subduction, and collisional granitoids), and the low water content in the parental melts of the granitoids, in accordance with the scheme of the geodynamic evolution of the region, indicate their formation in the lithospheric plate sliding environment. 相似文献
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Numerical celestial-mechanical models are used to compare (andg interpolate and forecast) near-diurnal tidal variations in
the Earth’s axial rotation and oscillations in the global angular momentum of the atmosphere using the IERS data and NCEP/NCAR
meteorological data. In order to improve the accuracy of interpolations and forecasts made for short and intraday time intervals,
it is expedient to include the effect of small perturbations in short-term zonal tides, which influence fluctuations in Universal
Time UT1 directly related to the Earth’s rotation. Due to the quasi-static formulation of the problem, it is assumed that
the dynamics of the thin surface atmosphere are completely determined by the gradient of the tide-generating geopotential,
which supports forced oscillations of the entire subsystem (i.e., of the mantle and atmospheric envelope). A comparison of
the numerical simulations with the NCEP/NCAR data shows that the model is effective for applications in forecasting atmospheric
tides. 相似文献
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L. P. Plyusnina T. G. Shumilova S. I. Isaenko G. G. Likhoidov A. V. Ruslan 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2013,7(4):288-298
The regional carbonization of the Riphean metamorphic complexes is discussed using as an example the Tamginskoe and Turgenevskoe graphite deposits located in the northern part of the Khanka terrane. It is shown that the noble metal mineralization associates closely with the graphitization. Isotopic, X-ray, and thermal analyses and Raman spectroscopy were first used for investigating the structural state of the graphite with defining its two varieties. The first of them is represented by nanocrystalline fluidogenic graphite that was formed during gas condensate crystallization from deep-seated reduced ore-bearing fluid. The second variety (large-flake graphite) represents a product of metamorphic recrystallization of carbonaceous terrigenous protoliths. The recrystallization was accompanied by the granitization of the sedimentary protolith, mobilization, and the transfer of the carbonaceous and ore matter of the host rocks. It is inferred that the graphitization associated with noble metal mineralization is a polygenic process. The graphite of the first generation associates closely with amorphous diamond-like carbon. This unexpected find may bear genetic information useful for geological and geochemical reconstructions. 相似文献
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Natural observations were analyzed to study the distribution of dissolved species of major and trace elements in the Onega and Mezen’ mouth areas and the tendencies in the chemical transformations of the is continental runoff in the river mouths of the White Sea drainage system. It is shown that the migration of major ions and dissolved species of Li, Rb, Cs, Sr, B, F and Mo is consistent with a conservative behavior and is controlled by hydrodynamic processes. The amounts of uranium and barium additionally supplying in the Mezen’ mouth exceed those removed with a continental runoff, whereas the Onega, Severnaya Dvina, and other rivers of the White Sea drainage system are characterized by the conservative behavior of uranium, while barium desorption from particulate matter reaches no more than 33% of its content in the riverine waters. The growth of concentrations of these elements in the Mezen’ mouth is caused by the long-term interaction of solid matters of the continental runoff with saline waters in the tide-affected estuary. 28–59, 12–63, 25–67 and 20–63% of concentrations of iron, aluminum, lanthanum, and cerium are removed from the riverine waters in the mouth areas of all studied rivers of the White Sea drainage system mainly owing to the coagulation and flocculation of organic and organomineral colloids. The distribution of dissolved species of mineral phosphorus and silicon in the Mezen’ mouth is presumably controlled by the remineralization of the organic matter in the bottom sediments, which due to the hydrological features of estuary are regularly stirred up and interact with vertically mixing water sequence. Up to 20–46% of dissolved phosphates and 3–22% of silicon are removed from the continental runoff during vegetation period in the mouths of the Onega, Severnaya Dvina, and other rivers of the White Sea drainage system mainly owing to their biological consumption. 相似文献
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Chandler oscillations of the Earth’s pole in the presence of fluctuational dissipative perturbations
Effects of fluctuational dissipative perturbations on the Earth’s polar motion due to random components of the centrifugal potential are studied using a numerical-analytical approach. A combined model for the polar fluctuations is used to take into account stochastic components of the polar tides. Fluctuations excited at frequencies close to the Chandler frequency are analyzed using observations of sea level and the gravitional acceleration. Equations describing the correlation characteristics of the polar motions are presented. 相似文献
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Doklady Earth Sciences - 相似文献