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1.
地震泵抽吸作用与油气运聚成藏物理模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
地震泵抽吸作用是在断裂活动开启过程中,引发流体进入断裂带,并发生垂向运移的作用方式。在裂隙递进扩张形成优势裂隙并进一步发展成大的断裂面的演化过程中,地震泵抽吸作用发生,围岩中的流体在相对负压抽吸作用下进到断裂带中,之后主要在构造应力和异常高孔隙流体压力的共同作用下向上运移,并向着邻近断裂的封闭程度差、体积大、物性好的储层中充注运移,运移效率远远高于达西流和扩散流。断裂周期性破裂活动的特征决定了油气沿断裂的垂向泵吸运移呈周期性、间歇性和脉动的特点,同时也决定了油气易于在断裂错开的最新层位聚集成藏。通过克拉2气田天然气运聚成藏过程物理模拟实验结果表明,紧邻圈闭的盐下断裂为有效的天然气运移通道,穿盐断裂为无效的天然气运移通道,天然气在地震泵抽吸作用下沿断裂运移速度快、效率高,在断裂活动的短时间内可以大规模运聚成藏。 相似文献
2.
P. Van Rensbergen A. Rabaute A. Colpaert T. St. Ghislain M. Mathijs A. Bruggeman 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2007,96(1):185-197
This study documents the suite of processes associated with source-to-seafloor fluid migration in the Connemara field area
on the basis of 3D seismic data, well logs, 2D high-resolution seismic profiles, subbottom profiles, short cores and sidescan
sonar data. The combination of datasets yields details about fluid migration pathways in the deep subsurface, in the unlithified
shallow subsurface and about the distribution of fluid and gas seeps (pockmarks) at the sea floor. The Connemara field area
is characterized by vertical fluid migration pathways (“seismic chimneys” or “gas chimneys”) that extend from the top of the
Jurassic sequence, cross-cutting the entire Cretaceous sequence to the Upper Tertiary deposits over a vertical distance of
up to 1.5 km. Their localization is mainly structurally controlled to the crest of tilted fault blocks along the main hydrocarbon
migration pathways. These chimneys are important conduits for focused vertical fluid/gas flow from the deep to the shallow
subsurface. However, gas seeps (pockmarks) at the sea floor are almost randomly distributed, which indicates a change from
focused to diffuse fluid/gas migration in shallow, unconsolidated sediment. Where the vertical chimneys reach up to unlithified
Eocene to Miocene sands, widespread deformation, interpreted as fluidization, occurs around the main conduit. This deformation
affects about 32% of the entire unconsolidated Tertiary section (Late Eocene – Miocene). A Plio-Pleistocene glaciomarine drift
with up to five horizons with iceberg ploughmarks seals the Tertiary sands. In the near surface sediments it is observed that
gas accumulation occurs preferentially at iceberg ploughmarks. It is inferred that lateral migration at five levels of randomly
oriented ploughmarks dispersed gas over larger areas and caused random pockmark distribution at the sea floor, independent
from the underlying focused migration pathways. This study demonstrates that fluid flow migration changes from structurally
controlled focused flow in the deep consolidated subsurface to diffuse flow, controlled by sediment variability, in the shallow
subsurface. This result is relevant to a better understanding of the distribution of seepage-induced features at the seafloor
related to focused hydrocarbon migration pathways known from industry data and fluid flow modeling. 相似文献
3.
在调研了国内外气烟囱研究成果与思路的基础上,通过全新的地震解决方案——OpendTect平台提供的基于属性多层感知器(MLP)的人工神经网络(ANN)的方法预测气烟囱的发生概率体,并利用倾角导向体对算法进行改进,提出倾角控制下的地震气烟囱识别技术,很好地补充并发展了模式识别技术在地震勘探领域的应用。通常该技术一方面可以解释运移通道和浅层气成藏的原因;另一方面,形成的气烟囱地震数据体还可以预测源岩的发育情况;此外,对于判别断层封闭性也非常适用。最后应用这一技术对海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷一含油区块的运移通道和成藏规律进行研究,分析该研究区的断裂发育特征和运移通道类型,总结了油源、通道、储层和盖层的空间配置关系,并建立相应的成藏模式。 相似文献
4.
横跨银川盆地北西西向的深地震反射剖面,清晰揭示了银川盆地边界断裂以及整个地壳的结构构造特征,这对研究具活动大陆裂谷性质的银川盆地浅-深构造关系具有重大的意义。贺兰山东麓山前断裂、黄河断裂作为银川盆地的西、东边界断裂,前者为一条缓倾斜、延伸至上、下地壳边界的犁式断裂,而后者则为一条切穿地壳并延伸进入上地幔的深大断裂。根据深地震反射剖面揭示的地壳结构特征,银川盆地浅部结构并非前人认为的"堑中堑"结构,而是表现为由一系列东倾犁式正断层控制的新生代断陷。略微下凹的Moho面几何形态以及厚2~3.2 km的层状强反射带为下地壳最显著的反射特征。Moho面深度与强反射带厚度变化趋势与银川盆地沉积厚度变化趋势几乎一致。本文认为,强反射带的成因可能是由源自地幔的基性岩浆以岩席状的形式底侵进入地壳底部造成的,而这部分形成强反射带的物质可能补偿了因银川盆地断陷而造成的地壳减薄,最终导致银川盆地之下Moho面并未像之前所认为的那样隆起。 相似文献
5.
琼东南盆地深水区中央峡谷天然气成藏条件与成藏模式 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用钻井岩芯、岩屑地质化验资料及测井、二维、二维地震数据,综合分析了琼东南盆地深水区中央峡谷储层的发育特征、天然气成藏条件及成藏主控因素.结果表明,峡谷中、下部堆积的多期浊积砂岩,储集物性好,是该区带的优质储层;峡谷内发育的大量岩性、构造-岩性复合型圈闭为天然气聚集造就了重要场所;凹陷中的渐新统崖城组煤系烃源岩及广厚的半封闭浅海泥岩生气潜力大,提供了丰富的烃源基础;峡谷下方的底辟/微裂隙是深部崖城组烃源岩生成的天然气向上运移的重要通道.可见,中央峡谷成藏条件优越,圈闭有效性和运移是该区天然气成藏的关键要素;由于峡谷内圈闭大多数定型于上新世莺歌海组沉积时期,与下伏崖城组烃源岩主生气期形成合理配置,因此,天然气成藏较晚,L1、L2和L3气田的重大发现就是很好的例证. 相似文献
6.
Determining fault activity through time has typically utilised high-resolution seismic data to identify stratigraphic thickness changes or displacement vs distance plots; however, this approach is not possible in regions with low-resolution seismic data. We present a new approach for determining fault reactivation (tensile and shear) through time by integrating three-dimensional seismic data, geomechanical modelling and complete paleostress tensors from calcite twin stress inversion. The Cooper–Eromanga Basin is used as a case study to model the stress conditions present during six tectonic events that have affected the basin and, in doing so, constrain the effective paleostress magnitudes through time. Results show that the likelihood of dilation and shear reactivation of individual fault sets varies through time, with N–S- and E–W-striking faults likely to have been open to fluid flow after the critical moment in the hydrocarbon system. These results have substantial implications for hydrocarbon migration pathway models and structural and stratigraphic models for the Cooper–Eromanga Basin. This approach would benefit other provinces with low-resolution seismic data preventing fault growth analysis, or in regions where hydrocarbon migration pathways are poorly defined. 相似文献
7.
与盐构造相关的流体流动和油气运聚 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：19
盐构造的形成必然伴随着流体的活动 ,盐构造和流体构成了一个有机的反馈系统。含盐盆地中主要的流体类型有含盐热流体、烃类流体、富金属热流体及同生水和大气水等。盐构造在流体流动中起着重要的作用 :( 1)改造流体动力系统 ,包括密度驱动和超压驱动 ;( 2 )提供复杂的流体流动的通道网络 ,主要由盐丘上部的地堑式断裂簇和流体底辟通道、盐体 /围岩接触断裂等构成 ;( 3 )规定流体流动域———特定的流体赋存的特定的空间 ;( 4 )捕获流体共同运动。对于油气而言 ,盐构造既提供了油气运移的驱动力和运移通道 ,又提供了丰富的圈闭。在此基础上文中概括了盐构造、流体流动及油气运移和聚集相互关系的模式。地震剖面上的特征反射、岩心中的脉体、流体包裹体以及流体的理、化参数的空间变化等 ,可以帮助示踪与盐构造相关流体的流动路径 ,追溯流体流动的历史 ,认识油气成藏的过程。 相似文献
8.
为解决琼东南盆地深水区新区天然气勘探中遇到的天然气运移认识不清的难题,在实验（数值）模拟和大量调研基础上,综合钻井、构造和地震等资料,利用盆地模拟软件,开展了深水区天然气运移规律系统研究。结果显示,深水区天然气运移主要受到“流体势场” —“通道场（输导体系格架）”—“约束场（区域盖层）”3场耦合的控制。高势生烃凹陷内的底辟带和晚期活化沟通气源断裂发育区的陵水组区域盖层完整性被破坏,天然气垂向运移为主,利于在区域盖层之上形成多个中小规模气藏组成的浅层大中型岩性型气田;部分凹陷边缘—低凸起及之上地区陵水组区域盖层保存完整,断裂—砂体—构造脊汇聚型复合输导体系发育,天然气运移侧向为主,利于在区域盖层之下形成深层整装构造型大中型气田,而新构造运动是深水区晚期大中型气田形成的重要诱因。深水区最终形成了浅层和深层两套成藏体系和3套有利成藏组合。成果指导勘探,在松南低凸起深层成藏组合勘探中首次获得突破性发现,继续拓展,有望在中央峡谷外找到新的大中型气田群。 相似文献
9.
10.
垂向输导体系主控下的热流体活动是莺歌海盆地重要的地质特征之一, 决定了盆内独特的油气成藏过程.依据地震剖面综合解释、三维地震属性提取和岩石薄片观察, 分析了流体垂向输导体系的构成要素, 并利用PetroMod v11进行2D盆地数值模拟, 定量化计算了自源超压和传导超压的大小, 获得以下主要认识: (1)底辟伴生断裂和水力破裂是东方区最主要的2种垂向输导要素, 且在垂向上存在分异性, 深部流体输导以水力破裂为主, 浅层输导以底辟伴生断裂为主; (2)流体的垂向输导刺穿了超压封存箱并导致自源超压面在盆地中央抬升近2 000 m, 现今盆地东方区3 000 m左右黄流组油气藏中剩余压力的90%来自传导型超压; (3)盆内存在2个有利天然气聚集带: 箱顶传导常压带和箱内自源-传导超压带, 其中后者天然气藏受水力破裂输导控制, 具有流体输导高效且距离烃源灶近的优势, 是盆地内最有勘探潜力的天然气聚集带. 相似文献
11.
12.
深水盆地中多边形断层的几何特征与形成机制探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
多边形断层是指一种在平面上呈多边形具有微小断距的张性断层系。自1994年被提出以来, 已有十余年的研究历史, 并在世界50多个被动大陆边缘盆地中被识别出来。研究多边形断层需要高精度的3D地震资料。我们根据琼东南盆地3D地震资料并利用相干切片技术, 首次在琼东南盆地南部发现了多边形断层, 并对其进行了初步研究。多边形断层的成因机制是前期多边形断层研究的重点, 许多学者认为深水沉积物早期压实脱水体积收缩形成的; 也有学者认为重力扩展控制断裂的发育。岩石物性、成岩作用及构造应力是影响多边形断层发育的重要因素。多边形断层对深水盆地的油气储集体的性质和分布; 以及油气、天然气水合物的运移和聚集有着重要的意义。 相似文献
13.
南海南部陆缘蕴藏着非常丰富的油气资源。为了解南海南部陆缘流体活动系统以及与油气藏之间的关系,以高精度2D地震资料为基础,对南海南部陆缘流体活动系统的类型、地震反射特征、以及对油气成藏的意义开展了研究。在南海南部陆缘发现了多种流体活动系统,包括:泥底辟/泥火山、气烟囱、管状通道、与构造断层相关的流体活动系统。这些流体活动系统具有不同的地震反射特征,常常出现含气强振幅异常带、弱振幅杂乱反射带以及"下拉"或者"上拱"地震反射形态等流体活动系统的标志特征。流体活动系统受到构造运动和沉积因素的影响,并且与深部高温高压塑性流体密切相关,流体活动系统优先发育在地层薄弱部位。流体活动系统及所伴生的断裂和裂隙常常作为油气富集区的运输通道;并且流体活动系统所运移的强溶蚀性流体和深部热液流体有利于油气储层的形成,特别是对于碳酸盐岩储层的改造尤为明显。因此,流体活动系统不仅能作为油气运移通道,也可以改善储层,对油气成藏具有重要意义。 相似文献
14.
为寻找有资源前景的高富集天然气水合物及水合物储层的精细刻画方法,利用南海6次钻探发现的高饱和度水合物层的测井、岩心和三维地震数据,分析水合物富集层测井与地震异常特征.发现:（1）不同饱和度的孔隙与裂隙充填型水合物层的测井和地震异常不同,裂隙充填型水合物层具有各向异性;（2）受高通量流体运移的影响,在粉砂沉积物的水合物稳定带底界附近能形成中等饱和度的水合物层,识别标志为稳定带内极性与海底一致的强振幅反射,而非BSR和振幅空白;（3）裂隙充填型中等饱和度水合物层在地震剖面上表现为地层上拱和弱-中等强度振幅反射.储层-疏导-气源的耦合控制着水合物的富集特征和分布,断层与流体运移控制着细粒粉砂质沉积物中水合物的富集与厚度.基于饱和度岩相的统计学反演,能识别3 m非水合物和低饱和度水合物层及空间分布. 相似文献
15.
We investigate the structural style and evolution of a salt-influenced, extensional fault array in the Egersund Basin (Norwegian North Sea) through analysis of 3D reflection seismic and well data. Analysis of fault geometry/morphology, throw distribution and syn-kinematic strata reveal an intricate but systematic style of displacement and growth, suggesting an evolution of (1) initial syn-sedimentary fault growth contemporaneous with salt mobilization initiated during the Late Triassic, (2) cessation of fault activity and burial of the stagnant fault tips, and (3) subsequent nucleation of new faults in the cover above contemporaneous salt re-mobilization initiated during the Late Cretaceous, with downward propagation and linkage with faults. Stage 3 was apparently largely controlled by salt mobilization in response to basin inversion, as reactivated faults are located where the underlying salt is thick, while the non-reactivated faults are found where salt is depleted. Based on the 3D-throw analyses, we conclude that a combination of basement faulting and salt (re-) mobilization is the driving mechanisms behind fault activation and reactivation. Even though the sub- and supra-salt faults are mainly geometrically decoupled through the salt, a kinematic coupling must have existed as sub-salt faults still affected nucleation and localization of the cover faults. 相似文献
16.
Integration of 11 types of data sets enabled us to determine the location, character and fault history of the southern extension of the Clarendon–Linden Fault System (CLF) in southwestern New York State. The data sets utilized include detailed stratigraphic and fracture measurements at more than 1000 sites, soil gas anomalies, seismic reflection profiles, well logs and lineaments on air photos, topographic maps, Landsat and SLAR images. The seismically active CLF consists of as many as 10 parallel, segmented faults across the fault system. The fault segments are truncated by NW-striking cross-strike discontinuities (CSDs). The faults of the CLF and intersecting CSDs form fault blocks that have semi-independent subsidence and uplift histories. East-dipping reflectors in the Precambrian basement indicate the southward continuation of thrusts of the intra-Grenvillian Elzevir–Frontenac Boundary Zone. These thrusts were reactivated during Iapetan rifting as normal (listric) growth faults. In Ordovician Black River to Trenton time, the southern CLF segments experienced a second phase of growth fault activity, with faults displaying a cumulative stratigraphic throw of as much as 170 m. Thrusting on the same east-dipping Precambrian reflectors typified the CLF in Taconic (post-Trenton) times. Detailed comparisons among the fault segments show that the fault activity in Silurian and Devonian times generally alternated between the western and central main faults. In Late Devonian time, the fault motion reversed from down-on-the-east to down-on-the-west about the time the Appalachian Basin axis passed across the CLF in its westward migration. The deep Precambrian faults of the CLF were thus reactivated as the Appalachian Basin developed in Acadian times. Finally, the CLF thrust fault imaged on seismic line CLF-1 offsets all bedrock (Devonian) units; thus, significant motion occurred along this fault during Late Acadian, or more likely, Alleghanian time. 相似文献
17.
Honghan Chen Changmin Chen Xiong Pang Jiahao Wang Wanzhong Shi 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,89(1-3):47
Although no drilling has been carried out in the deep water area of the Baiyun sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea, the successful exploration for natural gas in the shallow water area of the Panyu lower uplift allows an insight into the prospectivity of the adjacent deep water fan system of the Baiyun sag. The Paleogene gas kitchen in the Baiyun sag provided both oil-derived gas and coal-derived gas. Fluid inclusion measurements and 2D numeric modelling of formation pressure indicate four episodes of hydrocarbon charge since the third release of the overpressure system. Seismic wipeout zones manifest several types of gas chimney which could play a role in vertical migration conduits to feed the natural gases into the deep water fan system. There would be, therefore, a low risk for hydrocarbon exploration in the deep water fan system. 相似文献
18.
New methods are presented for processing and interpretation of shallow marine differential magnetic data,including constructing maps of offshore total magnetic anomalies with an extremely high resolution of up to 1-2 nT,mapping weak anomalies of 5-10 nT caused by mineralization effects at the contacts of hydrocarbons with host rocks,estimating depths to upper and lower boundaries of anomalous magnetic sources,and estimating thickness of magnetic layers and boundaries of tectonic blocks. Horizontal dimensions of tectonic blocks in the so-called "seismic gap" region in the central Kuril Arc vary from 10 to 100 km,with typical dimensions of 25-30 km.The area of the "seismic gap" is a zone of intense tectonic activity and recent volcanism.Deep sources causing magnetic anomalies in the area are similar to the "magnetic belt" near Hokkaido. In the southern and central parts of Barents Sea,tectonic blocks with widths of 30-100 km,and upper and lower boundaries of magnetic layers ranging from depths of 10 to 5 km and 18 to 30 km are calculated.Models of the magnetic layer underlying the Mezen Basin in an inland part of the White Sea-Barents Sea paleorift indicate depths to the lower boundary of the layer of 12-30 km.Weak local magnetic anomalies of 2-5 nT in the northern and central Caspian Sea were identified using the new methods,and drilling confirms that the anomalies are related to concentrations of hydrocarbon.Two layers causing magnetic anomalies are identified in the northern Caspian Sea from magnetic anomaly spectra.The upper layer lies immediately beneath the sea bottom and the lower layer occurs at depths between 30-40 m and 150-200 m. 相似文献
19.
库车坳陷区的变形,垂向上可分为3大构造层:盐上层、新生代膏盐层和盐下层。根据该地典型构造的含气性差异,分析了断裂有效输导天然气的地质条件,认为充足且有效的气源条件、沟通源岩与圈闭且不断穿区域性盖层的盐下断裂以及完整的圈闭是决定天然气沿断裂运聚成藏的重要条件,因而不断穿区域性盖层的盐下断裂是有效油气运移通道,并用物理模拟对其进行了验证。通过分析与断裂有效运移通道相配置的砂体的封闭程度、体积和物理性质的差异发现:沿断裂有效运移通道运移的天然气向断裂两侧储层分流的优势运移路径明显不同,在发育断裂有效运移通道时,断裂带内部的流体总是向着断裂带两侧封闭程度差、体积大和物性好的储层分流运移。 相似文献
20.
底辟区构造分析及热流体运移模拟——以莺歌海盆地DF1-1为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在DF11浅层所发现的与底辟有关的含气构造中 ,天然气的运聚、分布与底辟区的断裂系统和超压 (热 )流体的活动有着密切的联系 ,超压流体的活动不仅为油气的运聚提供了驱动力 ,而且其产生的断裂系统为油气的运移提供了输导路径。文中在分析底辟构造特征的基础上 ,依据连续介质理论 ,采用有限元计算法 ,将固体应力场与流体压力场有机地结合起来 ,对DF11底辟区流体的驱移作用进行模拟。结果显示 :底辟作用引起的应力场决定了底辟区油气沿主要断裂系走向运移的总趋势 ,以底辟体的两侧向其中心运移、自底辟体向上运移为主。热应力控制局部应力场状况及油气运移方向 ,并合理地解释了油气从温度较高的地区向周围温度较低的地区运移的事实 ,其影响力的大小取决于温度应力与构造应力之间的比值 相似文献