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河流水沙运动对污染物迁移转化效应研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
河道内水流和泥沙是污染物迁移转化的主要载体,研究河道内污染物迁移转化过程以及水沙运动对其影响对于治理日益恶化的河流水环境非常重要。结合国内外研究最新动态,对水沙运动作用下污染物迁移转化的试验研究、作用机理、理论模式和数学模型等进行了总结和概述,重点对几种典型的理论模式和数学模型进行了比较分析。目前河流水沙运动对污染物迁移转化效应相关研究存在试验方法比较局限、作用机理存在分歧、理论模式和数学模型不完备等问题,需要进一步进行室内和野外试验技术创新、颗粒界面动力学的微观探索以及污染物在上下覆水和界面上迁移转化理论研究。对河流水沙运动对污染物迁移转化效应研究的研究方向提出了展望。 相似文献
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河道内水流和泥沙是污染物迁移转化的主要载体,研究河道内污染物迁移转化过程以及水沙运动对其影响对于治理日益恶化的河流水环境非常重要。结合国内外研究最新动态,对水沙运动作用下污染物迁移转化的试验研究、作用机理、理论模式和数学模型等进行了总结和概述,重点对几种典型的理论模式和数学模型进行了比较分析。目前河流水沙运动对污染物迁移转化效应相关研究存在试验方法比较局限、作用机理存在分歧、理论模式和数学模型不完备等问题,需要进一步进行室内和野外试验技术创新、颗粒界面动力学的微观探索以及污染物在上下覆水和界面上迁移转化理论研究。对河流水沙运动对污染物迁移转化效应研究的研究方向提出了展望。 相似文献
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随着煤炭开采业工艺的科技含量越来越高,带式输送机输送技术有了更广阔的发展,长距离带式输送机应对长距离、多地形的矿石输送起到了重要作用,是采矿业最经济有效的输送方式。本文以新疆东方希望有色金属有限公司为例,简要介绍长距离曲线带式输送机在煤矿项目中的应用。 相似文献
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对城市机动车尾气中NOx污染物的产生、迁移、转化规律进行了数学分析,提出了城市机动车尾气污染物NOx随时间和距离变化的数学模式,并运用该模型对长春市内车辆集中路口机动车污染物NOx进行了模拟与预测。对实验所获得的监测结果与运用数学模式的计算结果进行比较可知：其平均偏差的绝对值小于0.02 mg/m3,相对误差的绝对值均小于0.32,因此城市机动车尾气污染物NOx的数学模式符合研究区域的实际情况。 相似文献
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大气对流层平流层交换(STE)研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大气平流层对流层交换(Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange,STE)包括平流层向对流层的输送(Stratosphere-Troposphere Transport,STT)和对流层向平流层的输送(Troposphere-to-Stratosphere Transport,TST)2个过程,通常统称为STE交换过程.其对大气的辐射平衡、化学成分具有重要影响.研究STE对于大气化学、气候变化、平流层对流层耦合模式的发展等领域意义重大.对国内外不同尺度STE的观测、模拟与诊断做了评述,讨论了各种尺度STE的机制,比较了不同诊断方法和模式的性能和特点.着重指出目前天气尺度STE的研究虽然比较充分,但在STE过程中,中小尺度混合、湍流混合等物理过程的机制、诊断以及模拟方法的研究还有待提高.中小尺度强对流引起的TST对对流层污染物向平流层的输送作用和影响越来越受到关注.在全球快速城市化的背景下,研究城市群高污染区域强对流天气引起的TST过程及其影响具有重要的科学意义. 相似文献
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宁蒗地区巴打湾重晶石矿床是在上奥陶统沉积型重晶石矿的基础上,由喜山期中酸性岩浆热液活动改造而成的沉积－热液叠加型矿床。通过区内矿床特征及地球化学的研究,建立了该区沉积－改造型重晶石矿床成矿模式。 相似文献
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水环境中污染物的迁移转化过程模拟和预测是水生态环境健康诊断、预测、预警及控制管理的重要基础。水环境数学模拟已经在国内外有了非常广泛的应用,并且成为国内外学者研究的热点。本文介绍了水环境数学模型的基础研究和应用现状,并提出其发展趋势和国内水质数学模型存在的主要问题。 相似文献
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In the framework of safety assessment studies for geological disposal, large scale reactive transport models are powerful inter-disciplinary tools aiming at supporting regulatory decision making as well as providing input to repository engineering activities. Important aspects of these kinds of models are their often very large temporal and spatial modelling scales and the need to integrate different non-linear processes (e.g., mineral dissolution and precipitation, adsorption and desorption, microbial reactions and redox transformations). It turns out that these types of models may be computationally highly demanding. In this work, we present a Lagrangian-based framework, denoted as FASTREACT, that aims at solving multi-component-reactive transport problems with a computationally efficient approach allowing complex modelling problems to be solved in large spatial and temporal scales. The tool has been applied to simulate radionuclide migration in a synthetic heterogeneous transmissivity field and the results have been successfully compared with those obtained using a standard Eulerian approach. Finally, the same geochemical model has been coupled to an ensemble of realistic three-dimensional transport pathways to simulate the migration of a set of radionuclides from a hypothetical repository for spent nuclear fuel to the surface. The results of this modelling exercise, which includes key processes such as the exchange of mass between the conductive fractures and the matrix, show that FASTREACT can efficiently solve large-scale reactive transport models. 相似文献
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以溶质运移理论为基础,分析了酸性矿井水在含水层中运移的规律,通过室内土柱实验模拟了酸性矿井水对地下水污染的动态过程,并结合实际观测数据进行对比分析。结果表明：污染面积随时间推移不断扩大,且纵向扩散显著;不同组分由于各自特征的巨大差异,污染程度也有很大差别。本文的研究对预测预报酸性矿井水迁移归宿、评价环境质量、资源化利用以及环境污染的治理与控制等具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。 相似文献
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成矿作用动力学研究的新进展及发展趋势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
成矿作用动力学是地球化学动力学的一个重要分支学科,近年给出了更完善的定义,初步建立了一套理论体系和研究方法。水岩相互作用及动力学模型、物质输运与化学反应、成矿元素的输运与沉淀、化学热力学与输运性质等方面的研究取得许多新的进展。最后指出了成矿作用动力学的某些发展趋势。 相似文献
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地表水入渗对垃圾填埋场水质水量影响的数值模拟分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
将填埋垃圾视作一种特殊土体,建立了综合描述垃圾填埋场内渗滤液水分的饱和-非饱和渗流、垃圾土体沉降变形、有机污染物的释放、迁移、转化,以及微生物的生长、衰减等物理化学过程的多场耦合仿真分析模型,将任意的Lagrangian- Eulerian（ALE）方法引入到模型求解中,基于自行开发的仿真分析程序,开展了地表水入渗对垃圾填埋场水质、水量影响的数值仿真分析研究。模拟结果表明：300 d的非饱和水分入渗及内源水产生可使填埋单元内渗滤液饱和液面最高达6 m;地表水入渗对水相可溶性可降解有机物浓度和厌氧微生物浓度具有显著的影响,并间接地影响固相可溶性可降解有机物和微生物的浓度分布。 相似文献
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J. E. Moore 《GeoJournal》1983,7(5):453-458
In the past decade hydrogeologists have emphasized the development of computer-based mathematical models to aid in the understanding of flow, the transport of solutes, transport of heat, and deformation in the ground-water system. These models have been used to provide information and predictions for water managers. Too frequently, ground-water was neglected in water resource planning because managers believed that it could not be adequately evaluated in terms of availability, quality, and effect of development on surface-water supplies. Now, however, with newly developed digital ground-water models, effects of development can be predicted. Such models have been used to predict hydrologic and quality changes under different stresses. These models have grown in complexity over the last ten years from simple one-layer models to three-dimensional simulations of ground-water flow, which may include solute transport, heat transport, effects of land subsidence, and encroachment of saltwater. Case histories illustrate how predictive ground-water models have provided the information needed for the sound planning and management of water resources in the USA. 相似文献
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成都经济区黄壤土壤剖面Pb形态分布特征及其影响因素 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
土壤剖面中不同形态铅迁移转化及其影响因素的研究对于了解Pb的土壤地球化学行为具有非常重要的意义。以四川省成都经济区农田生态系统黄壤剖面中不同形态Pb分布特征为例,探讨黄壤剖面中不同形态Pb的迁移转化影响因素及其生态危害性。结果表明:在黄壤剖面中,Pb总量表现为表层富集、深层稳定的特点;弱有机结合态含量表现为表层富集、深层稳定的特点,其他形态Pb含量剖面分布特征不明显;土壤中的Pb主要是以铁锰氧化态和残渣态为主,其他形态Pb含量所占比例较小;成土过程中,随着Pb总量的增加,稳定态Pb含量增加,而活动态相对减少;土壤pH值对各形态Pb含量分布影响较大,尤其是对碳酸盐结合态的影响显著;土壤总有机碳也是影响土壤中各形态Pb含量分布的重要因素之一,尤其是对有机结合态Pb含量影响显著;而随着土壤熟化程度的增加,黄壤剖面中的活动态含量增加,稳定态减少;剖面中的Pb迁移系数和生物可利用系数均较小,说明Pb不易向下迁移,容易在表层富集,对植物及人类有一定的危害。 相似文献
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A mathematical and computer model for the transport and transformation of solute contaminants through a soil column from the surface to the groundwater is presented. The model simulates selenium species such as selenate, selenite, and selenomethionine as well as pesticides and nitrogen. This model is based on the mass balance equation including convective transport, dispersive transport, surface adsorption, oxidation and reduction, volatilization, chemical and biological transformation. The governing equations are solved numerically by the method of implicit finite difference. The simulation results are in good agreement with measured values. The major finding in the present study indicates that as the time of simulation increases, the concentration of different selenium species approaches the measured values. 相似文献
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Current designs for nuclear-waste repositories rely primarily upon subsurface geologic barriers for long-term containment. Because water and air are generally considered to be the mechanisms most likely to transport radioactivity to the surface environment, flow and transport models are important tools in repository assessment. Most models assume that the geologic medium can be treated as a continuum. A substantial body of recent work has focused on applying these models to difficult-to-solve problems, such as the simulation of variably dense or variably saturated flow and transport, large and complex flow systems, sharp solute concentration fronts, and fractured rock systems. The complex chemical interactions between the transport fluid and solid particles within the system have been analyzed using geochemical flow models, most of which assume that the system is at chemical equilibrium. The role of colloids in contaminant transport is a relatively new area of research. The large-scale effects of small-scale variability within the geologic system have been the subject of intense investigation. Inherent limitations of the continuum approach have prompted the design of models in which the flow occurs in discrete fractures. The difficulty and complexity of simulating transport has led to the development of network transport models, which represent the flow field as a series of 1-D path segments. The widespread use of models for prediction and analysis has prompted investigations of their reliability and relative merits. 相似文献
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A Eulerian stochastic method is applied to develop a theory of concentration variance for solute transport in a heterogeneous medium. The study focuses on the effects of kinetic sorption and local dispersion on solute dissipation. Spatial distribution of the concentration variance is obtained by scaling the zero local dispersion form of σc
2. The scaling function resulting from the local dispersion and kinetic sorption is derived in a closed integral form. It satisfies the measurement of total concentration variance resulting from the Eulerian mass balance using spatially integrated concentration moments. The spatially integrated moments bypass the need for classical closures applied to joint moments between concentration and velocity fields. The study results indicate that kinetic sorption reduces the total development of concentration variance in comparison with non-reactive solute transport. Kinetic sorption acts as a reduction mechanism, but not as a dissipating mechanism like the local dispersion. Kinetic sorption and local dispersion are not additive processes and their effects on the concentration variance depend on the stage of transport time. 相似文献