共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
海洋表面膜特征的SAR图像探测 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
讨论并分析各种成因类型的海洋表面膜特征及其在海洋ＳＡＲ图像中影像特征。对渤海湾的ＳＡＲ图像中的表面膜特征进行检测并对这些表面膜特征成因进行了分类。 相似文献
2.
海洋溢油与烃渗漏是资源与环境遥感关注的重要方向之一。光学遥感在该领域的理论与应用研究表明:(1)光学遥感探测的分类目标已经明确,即溢油污染形成的海面油膜、黑色浮油与油水混合物,海底烃渗漏形成的海面油膜与近海表大气碳氢化合物气体异常;(2)这些目标对入射光具有不同的光学作用过程(如反射、吸收、散射、干涉等),会产生不同的光学响应特征,是光学遥感识别、分类与定量估算的理论基础;(3)在实际应用中,目标介质面(不同类型、折射率与粗糙度的油面与海面)的菲涅尔反射差异,有利于目标探测的同时,也给目标识别分类与定量估算带来诸多不确定性影响。光学遥感技术在本领域的应用特点与优势逐渐清晰,但依然面临巨大的挑战,今后的研究趋势也主要集中于以下几个方面:光学传感器的可探测性,典型目标的光学响应特征,定量遥感模型与参数查找表,目标的光谱与空间尺度响应,实地测量等。随着研究的深入,光学遥感技术必能以新的视角为海洋溢油与烃渗漏目标的实时监测、识别分类与定量评估提供更好的解决方案。 相似文献
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A polarimetric model to relate the degree of polarization, DoP, to the sea surface scattering with and without oil slicks, under low-to-moderate wind conditions, is proposed. DoP, measured directly from the Mueller scattering matrix, is shown to be a reliable measure of the departure from Bragg scattering; a phenomenon that, under low-to-moderate wind conditions, occurs when an oil slick is present. Following this theoretical rationale, a simple filter is developed to observe oil slicks in quad-polarimetric full-resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. Experiments, undertaken on a meaningful set of quad-polarization Single Look Complex (SLC) C-band RADARSAT-2 SAR data, where both well-known oil slicks and a weak-damping look-alike are in place, demonstrate the soundness of the model and its effectiveness from an operational viewpoint. 相似文献
4.
Durga Shanker Mitra Ratheesh Ramakrishnan Harshvardhan Dave Subhobroto Mazumder 《国际地球制图》2013,28(5):404-419
An attempt has been made to use synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data for detection and monitoring of offshore oil seeps in the eastern offshore areas of the Krishna–Godavari Basin, which has been supplemented and correlated with collateral free-air gravity and seismic data. Images of the study area obtained from ENVISAT ASAR image mode were processed and analysed in detail. A number of natural oil seepages were identified and distinguished from pollution and biogenic slicks. These were subsequently studied using different parameters to assign various degrees of confidence. The repetitiveness of the identified seepages was studied and a total of five areas of seep repetitions had been recognized in the study area. The seeps that are repeated in images of different dates are more likely to be of natural origin than others. Simulation and modelling of a particular oil slick arising has been attempted over the Krishna–Godavari offshore using MIKE 21 software. 相似文献
5.
SAR影像中海洋浮油膜特征分割的Level Set方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍了一种全新的区域影像分割技术--基于迎风格式偏微分方程（PDE）的Level Set方法进行海洋浮油膜特征提取.在该方法中,海洋浮油膜特征表示为扩散界面,影像灰度的梯度决定了界面扩散的方向和强度.界面边缘在影像灰度差异动力和曲率流的共同作用下不断向外扩散,能够有效地克服尖锐突起和裂缝等,在特征边缘趋于稳定和光滑.同时,该方法对高噪声具有一定抑制作用,适用于低对比度高噪声图像,特别是SAR图象中特征提取.以不同地区ERS-2 SAR图像中海洋浮油膜提取为例,进行方法验证,同时对传统的影像分割技术进行对比. 相似文献
6.
海上溢油已成为影响海洋生态环境的重要污染物之一,我国近40年发生约3200起海上溢油事故。当今用于监测海上溢油的遥感主要是光学和雷达卫星,卫星遥感往往重访周期长,而海上溢油事件时常发生,给海洋带来严重的环境污染,需要快速、准确的监测其状况。GNSS R技术具有全天候监测海洋的特点,因此更适合用于海面溢油检测。为了验证GNSS R技术在检测海面溢油的可行性,利用2013年中国青岛海洋溢油事故的遥感图像的溢油结果,作为仿真实验检测目标,进行岸基的GNSS R海面溢油检测仿真研究。利用Z V散射模型和海水／溢油的均方坡度(MSS)模型结合,建立了能反映海面状况GNSS散射信号特征的时延 多普勒图(DDM)。仿真得到DDM中检测到海面溢油区域,验证了利用GNSS反射信号进行海面溢油检测的可行性。 相似文献
7.
Hyangsun Han Jae-In Kim Chang-Uk Hyun Seung Hee Kim Jeong-Won Park Young-Joo Kwon 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2020,57(5):650-669
ABSTRACT Surface roughness of sea ice is primary information for understanding sea ice dynamics and air–ice–ocean interactions. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a powerful tool for investigating sea ice surface roughness owing to the high sensitivity of its signal to surface structures. In this study, we explored the surface roughness signatures of the summer Arctic snow-covered first-year sea ice in X-band dual-polarimetric SAR in terms of the root mean square (RMS) height. Two ice campaigns were conducted for the first-year sea ice with dry snow cover in the marginal ice zone of the Chukchi Sea in August 2017 and August 2018, from which high-resolution (4 cm) digital surface models (DSMs) of the sea ice were derived with the help of a terrestrial laser scanner to obtain the in situ RMS height. X-band dual-polarimetric (HH and VV) SAR data (3 m spatial resolution) were obtained for the 2017 campaign, at a high incidence angle (49.5°) of TerraSAR-X, and for the 2018 campaign, at a mid-incidence angle (36.1°) of TanDEM-X 1–2 days after the acquisition of the DSMs. The sea ice drifted during the time between the SAR and DSM acquisitions. As it is difficult to directly co-register the DSM to SAR owing to the difference in spatial resolution, the two datasets were geometrically matched using unmanned aerial vehicle (4 cm resolution) and helicopter-borne (30 cm resolution) photographs acquired as part of the ice campaigns. A total of five dual-polarimetric SAR features―backscattering coefficients at HH and VV polarizations, co-polarization ratio, co-polarization phase difference, and co-polarization correlation coefficient ―were computed from the dual-polarimetric SAR data and compared to the RMS height of the sea ice, which showed macroscale surface roughness. All the SAR features obtained at the high incidence angle were statistically weakly correlated with the RMS height of the sea ice, possibly influenced by the low backscattering close to the noise level that is attributed to the high incidence angle. The SAR features at the mid-incidence angle showed a statistically significant correlation with the RMS height of the sea ice, with Spearman’s correlation coefficient being higher than 0.7, except for the co-polarization ratio. Among the intensity-based and polarimetry-based SAR features, HH-polarized backscattering and co-polarization phase difference were analyzed to be the most sensitive to the macroscale RMS height of the sea ice. Our results show that the X-band dual-polarimetric SAR at mid-incidence angle exhibits potential for estimation of the macroscale surface roughness of the first-year sea ice with dry snow cover in summer. 相似文献
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9.
对阈值的选取作了相关研究,提出了一种改进的阈值法提取SAR图像海面油膜。试验表明,改进方法在提取海面油膜的应用中具有一定的可行性。 相似文献
10.
Abstract Various inversion algorithms have been developed to obtain estimates of soil moisture and surface roughness parameters from multifrequency, multiangle, and multipolarization radar reflectances. Since the penetration depth for radar signals increases with wavelength, an inversion algorithm using widely separated frequencies does not yield comparable probing depths. Furthermore, existing algorithms assume a linear relationship between the radar backscatter coefficient (in dB) and soil parameters, such as the volumetric soil moisture, soil surface roughness and surface slope. This assumption is valid only over a narrow range of soil parameters, thereby restricting its operational use under realistic conditions. Our research specifically explored the use of inversion algorithms based on L‐Band radar reflectances at 1 GHz and 2 GHz frequencies in order to retain relatively consistent probing depths. In order to extend the range of applicability, a non‐linear exponential‐type relationship was developed between radar reflectance at a specified frequency, polarization and incidence angle combination, and soil parameters of interest, viz., soil moisture, surface roughness, and surface slope. An over‐constrained inversion algorithm using a six‐parameter combination was found to yield relatively accurate estimates of soil parameters over a wide range of soil conditions even in the presence of system error. 相似文献
11.
A new method for semi-automatic identification of oil slick on ocean/sea surface from space borne imagery using optical power spectra has been suggested. This method is based on the fact that the presence of the oil slick in the ocean suppresses the normal wave pattern that will be present in the ocean area without oil slick and the power spectra of the image area having the oil slick will be devoid of the peak corresponding to the dominant wave. In addition, the general shape of the oil slick will increase the low frequency content in the power spectra. The method has been applied for test areas containing oil slicks and the results are encouraging. 相似文献
12.
Abstract Bidirectional reflectance characteristics of a wheat and a rice canopy were studied using radiometric measurements over the two canopies with an Exotech Radiometer Model 100AX. For both rice and wheat, the measurements exhibited significant variations in reflectance amplitude for varying viewing zenith angles and their values decreased from backward to forward scattering direction. Reflectance obtained its maximum value in the backscatter direction for the viewing angle that corresponds approximately to the solar zenith angle at the time of measurements. Canopy background condition (irrigated or non‐irrigated) was an important determining factor of canopy reflectance particularly in the near‐infrared region of the solar spectrum. Furthermore, bidirectional response characteristics of a vegetation canopy were influenced by the amount of vegetation cover. 相似文献
13.
The Amazon landscape spatial variability and anisotropic trends in the Uatumã and Urubu River regions are evaluated using geomorphometric techniques such as fractal dimension, drainage network density and semivariogram. These procedures were applied to the digital elevation model (DEM) of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). This evaluation facilitated the definition of geomorphometric domains with different degrees of roughness (fractal dimension) and elevation (semivariogram). These areas are consistent with known qualitative relief types. Furthermore, known geological structures in the subsurface and surface apparently influence the spatial variability of these geomorphometric variables. This is the Silves area case, where the hilly topography exhibits several annular and radial rivers, denoting subsurface control due to faults and folds that were mapped by seismic surveys. Another possible influence example is the spatial coincidence between structures mapped by magnetic data with low dissection zones delineated as a result of drainage network density analysis. In addition to the spatial distribution, the anisotropic trends of these geomorphometric variables were analyzed and compared with geological and geophysical information. Results indicate that the predominant directions for topographic semivariance anisotropy are NNE–SSW and NE–SW for the interfluvial regions, as well as NW–SE for the alluvial plains. The highest agglomeration direction in the drainage network, as shown by its anisotropy, coincides with the studied region’s current maximum horizontal stress direction, except in the floodplains. The direction with the most pronounced roughness, NNE–SSW, coincides with the direction of waterfalls and rapids. This study demonstrates that spatial variability knowledge and anisotropic trends of geomorphometric parameters is useful to understand the geology and geomorphology of the Central Amazon region. 相似文献
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Abstract Space shuttle photographs and satellite radar (SAR) images provide an excellent view of high‐contrast ocean features such as internal waves, fronts, eddies, oil slicks, and cloud patterns which contain the signatures of atmospheric processes. Since ocean internal waves generate local currents which modulate surface wavelets and slicks, we have been able to detect packets of internal waves in space shuttle photographs and radar imagery of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. A global database on internal waves has been developed at our center with support from ONR and NASA, and is accessible on the Internet. The database includes visible and radar imagery. To test the database, digitally orthorectified images were used for dynamic and statistical analysis of internal waves. In the deep ocean we found the wavelength distribution to be Gaussian while in the coastal ocean it is Rayleigh. Results have also been applied to non‐linear evolution studies of ocean internal waves, atmospheric solitary waves and to estimate ocean currents. 相似文献
16.
卫星遥感大气订正的参数化模式及其模拟应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
发展了一个用于卫星大气订正的参数化模式,包括一个新的程辐射亮度模式和一个参数化的朗伯地表一大气辐射耦合引起的亮度增量模式.应用最小二乘法,程辐射亮度被参数化为大气总光学厚度、一次散射反照率、太阳天顶角、视天顶角、方位角、大气不对称因子的函数.应用这一参数化的亮度模式进行大气订正应用的数值模拟,即进行卫星遥感地表光谱反照率的模拟试验.数值检验结果表明对于865 nm,670nm,550nm和412nm 4个MODIS通道,在0°-70°的太阳天顶角、0°-60°视观测角以及0.05-0.8的地表反照率条件下,参数化的向上辐射亮度的标准差小于4%,由该参数化亮度模式引起的地表反照率解的标准差小于0.03. 相似文献
17.
G.F. Epema 《国际地球制图》2013,28(4):33-39
In an area in southern Tunisia diurnal trends of bare soil surfaces have been investigated. The study area comprises two main parts: the footslopes and the playas. The diurnal variation of the bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) in nadir direction on the footslopes is dominated by the effect of roughness. Maximum BRF is found with small solar zenith angles due to decrease in shadow related to surface roughness. For Landsat overpass it implies that the normal ground reflectance for a bare surface on the footslopes at identical surface conditions is up to 10% lower in December (solar zenith angle 63 degrees) than in June (28 degrees). Band ratios on the footslopes hardly change with variation of zenith angle. The diurnal variation in the playas is dominated by moisture. Asymmetric daily curves, with the lowest reflectance in the morning have been found. Four phenomena are reported which can be held responsible for this effect. This daily effect of moisture is weather dependent and may obscure long time changes of TM signal. In band ratios even with TM band 7 the diurnal moisture change can hardly be detected. 相似文献
18.
地表二向性反射分布函数(BRDF)是表征地物反射随太阳和观测方向变化的物理量。在统计意义上,BRDF表示均值统计量,BRVF(Bidirectional Reflectance Variance Function)表示方差统计量,它们对研究地表各向异性反射特征有着重要意义。本文首先采用误差传播理论,推导出基于MODIS BRDF模型的BRVF表达形式。研究结果表明,BRVF的空间分布模式主要由几何光学核Kgeo和体散射核Kvol的一次项和二次项权重和决定。然后利用EOS地面验证核心站点(EOS Land Validation Core Sites)的MODIS BRDF产品,对BRVF空间分布模式随地表类型、光谱波段和观测角度范围进行验证。验证结果表明,基于MODIS BRDF产品的验证与理论推导有较好的一致性。BRVF空间分布模式和地表类型有关,通常在热点处有一个峰值。在大观测天顶角(60°)下,BRVF随着角度的增大而增大。BRVF在近红外波段整体上大于红波段,表明其波段依赖性。最后,将上述理论成果初步应用于69组地表测量数据的模拟中。模拟结果表明,当大角度缺少观测数据时,模型外延所引起的方向反射方差显著增大,对地表反照率的反演精度和不确定性有较大影响。其中,红波段的白天空反照率的相对误差最大可达38.26%。本研究对利用小角度观测数据进行地表反照率反演的不确定性分析有指导意义;对大角度观测数据缺失情况下,先验知识在地表反照率的反演应用可提供有意义的理论支撑。 相似文献
19.
北京市近年来雾霾频发,大气污染物的扩散与风场环境及下垫面粗糙特性具有极大的相关性。本文首先利用1993—2011年的我国地面国际交换站气象观测资料对北京市地面风速风向年际变化特征进行了分析。结果表明,1993—2011年北京市平均风速呈现下降趋势,且自2006年来北京市风速下降尤为明显,北风出现频率明显下降。在此基础上,本文利用2007—2011年的ALOS PALSAR数据和夜晚灯光数据提取分析了北京市城镇用地扩展情况,进而结合下垫面粗糙特性的时空演变特征分析了北京市地区风速风向变化与下垫面粗糙特性的关系。分析结果表明,城市扩张造成的下垫面粗糙度的增加阻碍了北方来风,导致了北京市风场分布的变化及平均风速的减小。 相似文献
20.
S. Saran G. Sterk P. J. van Oevelen V. K. Dadhwal 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2012,40(3):541-550
Soil moisture estimation is considered to be one of the important parameters in hydrological studies. The extraction of information on near surface soil moisture from the synthetic aperture radar is well established. The available Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) data onboard ENVISAT with multi-incidence and multi-polarization mode for soil moisture estimation on sloping terrain was investigated. Empirical models were developed to estimate near surface soil moisture in the fallow agricultural fields by incorporating the effects of surface roughness using multi-incidence angle ASAR data. Medium incidence angle (IS-4) with VV polarization of ASAR data had higher correlation coefficient to volumetric soil moisture content. The ratio of medium (IS-4) to high incidence (IS-6) angle could further reduce the effect of surface roughness. The effect of topography on the radar data is taken care by calculating local incidence angle derived from ASTER DEM data. The VV polarization in the sloping terrain provided better results in comparison to VH polarization. 相似文献