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1.
中国不同产业空间的碳排放强度与碳足迹分析 总被引：31，自引：3，他引：28
采用2007 年中国各省区不同产业各种能源消费等数据,通过构建能源消费碳排放和碳足迹模型,对各省区化石能源和农村生物质能源的碳排放量进行了估算;建立了不同产业空间与能源消费碳排放的对应关系,将产业活动空间分为农业空间、生活与工商业空间、交通产业空间、渔业与水利业空间、其他产业空间等五大类;对各省区不同产业空间碳排放强度和碳足迹进行了对比分析。主要结论如下：(1) 中国2007 年能源消费碳排放总量为1.65 GtC,其中化石能源碳排放占89%;(2) 2007 年中国产业空间碳排放强度为1.98 t/hm2,其中,生活及工商业空间、交通产业空间的碳排放强度较高,分别为55.16 t/hm2和49.65 t/hm2;(3) 2007 年中国产业空间碳足迹为522.34×106 hm2,由此造成的生态赤字为28.69×106 hm2,这说明我国的生产性土地面积不足以补偿产业空间的碳排放,补偿率约为94.5%。各地区碳足迹差异明显,不少省份甚至存在生态盈余。总体而言,从产业活动空间的角度来看,中国目前的碳赤字不大;(4) 全国产业空间单位面积碳足迹为0.63 hm2/hm2,其中生活与工商业空间的碳足迹最大,为17.5 hm2/hm2。不同产业空间单位面积碳足迹大都呈现从东到西逐渐下降的趋势。 相似文献
2.
安徽省池州市2001～2010年可持续发展动态测度与分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
安徽池州市是国家首个生态经济示范区,近十年来,城镇化、工业化水平的快速提升加剧了其发展的风险性和不稳定性,可持续发展面临较大挑战。基于生态足迹模型,对池州市2001～2010年生态足迹供给与需求进行了时间序列测度与分析,利用灰色GM(1,1)模型对2015年、2020年人均生态足迹进行了预测。结果表明:池州市人均生态足迹由2001年的1.2458hm2/人上升至2010年的2.2483hm2/人,年平均增长11.14%,人均生态赤字由0.8445hm2/人扩大至2010年的1.8266hm2/人;居民消费水平、能源消费量与人均生态足迹相关系数分别为0.844、0.945,为生态足迹驱动因素;研究时段内,能源生态足迹年均增长速度为83.75%,明显快于生物资源生态足迹增长速度;万元GDP生态足迹由2001年的2.98hm2/万元下降至2010年的1.20hm2/万元。预测2015年人均生态足迹为3.2336hm2/人,生态赤字将增至2.7926hm2/人;2020年人均生态足迹为4.4896hm2/人,生态赤字将扩大到4.0308hm2/人。针对池州生态不安全的现状,从减少能源消费、改变消费方式、提高农作物单产等方面提出了减少生态足迹的政策建议。 相似文献
3.
基于四维驱动力的农村居民点整理模式分析——以北京市通州区为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用北京市最新土地调查数据和GIS工具, 描述通州区农村居民的用地现状、空间分布和特征。(1)依据规划边界将通州农村居民点划分为圈内、环内、环外三类, 圈内农村居民点面积50.30km2 (121个行政村),占总面积的30.62%;环内居民点面积19.35km2 (57个行政村),占11.78%;环外农村居民点面积94.63km2 (277个行政村),占57.60%.(2)不同类型农村居民点的驱动力不同, 圈内农村居民点主要是经济驱动力和社会驱动力, 环内农村居民点主要是制度驱动力和环境驱动力, 环外的农村居民点主要是社会驱动力和生态驱动力。(3)圈内居民点整理方向是实现城镇化, 应采用土地一级开发模式, 发展城市二三产业;环内居民点整理方向是改善生态环境, 发展特色产业, 适宜采取城乡一体化综合开发模式;环外居民点整理方向是增加农业用地, 减少耕地占用, 适宜采用乡村整治模式。农村居民点整理需要以驱动力为基础, 结合空间特征采取差异化的整理模式。 相似文献
4.
以松嫩平原西部的典型沙漠化区泰来县为例,利用遥感、地理信息系统和野外调查获取了3期土地利用和沙漠化分布数据,分析了土地利用变化及其沙漠化动态响应。结果表明:①土地利用程度变化大多趋于加重趋势,其中1986~2000年加重趋势迅猛,2000~2005年加重趋势有所减缓;②沙漠化土地面积总体趋势逐渐增加,前期以40.7hm2/a的速度增加,后期以8hm2/a的速度增加,增加速度明显减慢,其中低覆盖度草地和林地发生沙化的几率最高;③土地利用方式未变化的土地以沙漠化减轻为主,而土地利用方式发生变化的土地,前期以沙漠化加重为主,后期以减轻为主,与土地利用程度变化相一致。 相似文献
5.
长吉都市区能源碳足迹测度及影响因素研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
对1999~2008年长春都市区碳足迹进行计算,采用岭回归法和脱钩指数分析了经济发展与能源消费碳足迹之间的关系。结果表明:能源消费碳足迹呈现波动变化态势,1999~2002年人均能源消费碳足迹较低,2003年后呈现快速上升态势;受支柱产业能源消费特征影响,煤炭、石油所占比例呈上升趋势;生产性和生活性碳足迹均上升,能源消费碳足迹产值呈现不均衡变化态势;经济增长是能源消费碳足迹的主要影响因素,技术进步和城镇化发展作用有限;经济增长与能源消费碳足迹之间处于相对脱钩状态。 相似文献
6.
生态保护和植树造林对黑河流域河川径流的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黑河流域是密云水库上游潮白河水系的重要组成部分。从20 世纪80 年代开始,国家在黑河流域开展了大 面积的生态保护和植树造林活动。为正确认识植树造林等活动对流域水资源的影响,本研究利用20 世纪80 年代 和2000 年两期土地利用数据和流域1959～2000 年降雨、径流资料,分析了生态保护和植树造林活动影响下的流域 河川径流量的变化情况。研究结果表明：1959～2000 年黑河流域年降水量和河川径流量年际变化较大,但整体变化 趋势性不显著;黑河流域以林地、草地和耕地面积为主,从20 世纪80 年代到2000 年林地面积增加了8x102hm2,草 地和耕地面积分别减少了7x102hm2 和1x102hm2;1980～2000 年开展植树造林活动期较1959～1979 年多年平均径流 系数下降了4.1%;1980 年后20 年的生态保护和植树造林活动对河川径流量的影响为- 0.3mm/hm2,且有丰水年份 对流域河川径流量影响最大,平水年次之,在枯水年份对流域河川径流量影响最小的现象。 相似文献
7.
旅游地生态安全测度分析——以九寨沟自然保护区为例 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
从人地关系安全、旅游生态伦理以及全球气候变化的视角,提出广义与狭义的旅游地生态安全概念,建立基于生态足迹的旅游地生态安全测度与评价模型,并以九寨沟为例,探讨旅游消费对旅游地区内与区际生态安全影响的特性。结果表明:(1)2004年九寨沟游客的旅游生态足迹总值为163514.0248hm2,人均旅游生态足迹为0.105190274hm2,居民的人均本底生态足迹为0.994925 hm2,同2002年比较,旅游生态足迹总值增加115.10%,人均旅游生态足迹增加72.44%,居民人均本底生态足迹增加3.47%。(2)2004年九寨沟旅游废弃物生态足迹总量为46960.5678hm2,约占旅游生态足迹总值的42.35%,其中旅游业的CO2排放量高达309455.66t,占旅游废弃物生态足迹的99.84%,加强旅游业发展对区域乃至全球气候变化影响的研究十分紧要。(3)2004年九寨沟的生态安全系数处于1.093158~1.159388之间,处于可持续发展的生态安全状态,九寨沟自然保护区发展旅游业对自身生态安全的影响小于对区际(全球)的生态安全影响。(4)未来游客量的增加、旅行市场半径的拓展、受旅游消费示范效应的影响而引起的居民消费方式的转变以及居民对自然环境资源依赖程度的加强态势,是影响九寨沟生态安全的主要因素。 相似文献
8.
洞庭湖区是中国的重要商品粮基地,也是长江流域重要的农产品产业区。本文利用2003~2007年气象数据及全国第二次土壤普查相关资料,按照光、温、水、土逐级递减的过程,采用逐级递减法,对水稻生产力不同预测方法进行了对比研究。结果显示:2003~2007年实际产量均值为5904 kg/hm2,逐级计算光温潜力法所得的均值为7808.072 kg/hm2;而基于FAO-AEZ方法计算的晚稻生产力5年均值仅为5687.45 kg/hm2,小于实测产量。基于逐级计算光温潜力的预测模型比较适合洞庭湖区域的晚稻生产潜力预测。晚稻生产力空间分布研究结果表明,洞庭湖区晚稻生产潜力呈现由西北向东南递减的过渡趋势,中高产区主要集中于常德市所属的澧县、安乡、汉寿和临澧一带,低产区则多分布于长沙市、益阳市和岳阳市等几个区域所属县市;洞庭湖区整体的水稻生产潜力偏低,低产潜力区域达到45%,通过各种耕作措施进一步增产的空间较大。 相似文献
9.
汕头市土地利用时空变化及其生态环境效应研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以汕头市六区一县为研究区域,采用1996-2007年土地利用详查变更数据,分析汕头市土地利用时空变化及其对陆地和近岸海域生态环境的影响。结果表明:研究期间,耕地、未利用地、林地及草地依次减少,园地、其他农用地、居民点及工矿用地、交通运输用地及水利设施用地面积依次增加;潮阳和潮南区土地利用类型以耕地、林地、居民点及工矿用地为主,南澳县以林地为主,潮阳区和澄海区主要为其他农用地,澄海区未利用地最多。汕头市土地利用的时空变化使得其内江河水体污染、水土流失、土地退化、生物多样性降低;海岸带土地利用变化使得近海水体富营养化以及地下蓄水层和海岸带水质污染,海岸湿地功能退化,物种多样性丧失。 相似文献
10.
海南岛热带天然林动态变化 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
通过实地调查和对遥感信息、林业二类调查资料的研究,简要分析了海南岛森林的历史变迁和驱动原因,详细探讨了不同时期海南岛森林覆被动态变化过程与驱动因子。主要结论:1)海南热带天然林面积变化明显,从1950年的1200000hm2下降至1979年的415200hm2,到1998年恢复到614700hm2;2)从历史时期至现在,森林覆被变化可分为森林递减(～1987年)和森林恢复(1987～)两个时期;3)空间变化主要表现在:砍伐森林由沿海平原台地逐渐向内陆丘陵盆地扩展,最后到达中部山区;4)不同时期影响热带天然林变化的主要因素不同 相似文献
11.
基于能源消费的中国不同产业空间的碳足迹分析 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
Using energy consumption and land use data of each region of China in 2007,this paper established carbon emission and carbon footprint model based on energy consumption,and estimated the carbon emission amount of fossil energy and rural biomass energy of dif-ferent regions of China in 2007.Through matching the energy consumption items with indus-trial spaces,this paper divided industrial spaces into five types:agricultural space,living & industrial-commercial space,transportation industrial space,fishery and water conservancy space,and other industrial space.Then the author analyzed the carbon emission intensity and carbon footprint of each industrial space.Finally,advices of decreasing industrial carbon footprint and optimizing industrial space pattern were put forward.The main conclusions are as following:(1) Total amount of carbon emission from energy consumption of China in 2007 was about 1.65 GtC,in which the proportion of carbon emission from fossil energy was 89%.(2) Carbon emission intensity of industrial space of China in 2007 was 1.98 t/hm2,in which,carbon emission intensity of living & industrial-commercial space and of transportation in-dustrial space was 55.16 t/hm2 and 49.65 t/hm2 respectively,they were high-carbon-emission industrial spaces among others.(3) Carbon footprint caused by industrial activities of China in 2007 was 522.34 106 hm2,which brought about ecological deficit of 28.69 106 hm2,which means that the productive lands were not sufficient to compensate for carbon footprint of industrial activities,and the compensating rate was 94.5%.As to the regional carbon footprint,several regions have ecological profit while others have not.In general,the present ecologi-cal deficit caused by industrial activities was small in 2007.(4) Per unit area carbon footprint of industrial space in China was about 0.63 hm2/hm2 in 2007,in which that of living & indus-trial-commercial space was the highest (17.5 hm2/hm2).The per unit area carbon footprint of different industrial spaces all presented a declining trend from east to west of China. 相似文献
12.
中国不同区域能源消费碳足迹的时空变化(英文) 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
Study on regional carbon emission is one of the hot topics under the background of global climate change and low-carbon economic development, and also help to establish different low-carbon strategies for different regions. On the basis of energy consumption and land use data of different regions in China from 1999 to 2008, this paper established carbon emission and carbon footprint models based on total energy consumption, and calculated the amount of carbon emissions and carbon footprint in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. The author also analyzed carbon emission density and per unit area carbon footprint for each region. Finally, advices for decreasing carbon footprint were put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Carbon emissions from total energy consumption increased 129% from 1999 to 2008 in China, but its spatial distribution pattern among different regions just slightly changed, the sorting of carbon emission amount was: Eastern China > Northern China > Central and Southern China > Southwest China > Northwest China. (2) The sorting of carbon emission density was: Eastern China > Northeast China > Central and Southern China > Northern China > Southwest China > Northwest China from 1999 to 2003, but from 2004 Central and Southern China began to have higher carbon emission density than Northeast China, the order of other regions did not change. (3) Carbon footprint increased significantly since the rapid increasing of carbon emissions and less increasing area of pro-ductive land in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. Northern China had the largest carbon footprint, and Northwest China, Eastern China, Northern China, Central and Southern China followed in turn, while Southwest China presented the lowest area of carbon footprint and the highest percentage of carbon absorption. (4) Mainly influenced by regional land area, Northern China presented the highest per unit area carbon footprint and followed by Eastern China, and Northeast China; Central and Southern China, and Northwest China had a similar medium per unit area carbon footprint; Southwest China always had the lowest per unit area carbon footprint. (5) China faced great ecological pressure brought by carbon emission. Some measures should be taken both from reducing carbon emission and increasing carbon absorption. 相似文献
13.
Study on regional carbon emission is one of the hot topics under the background of global climate change and low-carbon economic development, and also help to establish different low-carbon strategies for different regions. On the basis of energy consumption and land use data of different regions in China from 1999 to 2008, this paper established carbon emission and carbon footprint models based on total energy consumption, and calculated the amount of carbon emissions and carbon footprint in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. The author also analyzed carbon emission density and per unit area carbon footprint for each region. Finally, advices for decreasing carbon footprint were put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Carbon emissions from total energy consumption increased 129% from 1999 to 2008 in China, but its spatial distribution pattern among different regions just slightly changed, the sorting of carbon emission amount was: Eastern China > Northern China > Central and Southern China > Southwest China > Northwest China. (2) The sorting of carbon emission density was: Eastern China > Northeast China > Central and Southern China > Northern China > Southwest China > Northwest China from 1999 to 2003, but from 2004 Central and Southern China began to have higher carbon emission density than Northeast China, the order of other regions did not change. (3) Carbon footprint increased significantly since the rapid increasing of carbon emissions and less increasing area of productive land in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. Northern China had the largest carbon footprint, and Northwest China, Eastern China, Northern China, Central and Southern China followed in turn, while Southwest China presented the lowest area of carbon footprint and the highest percentage of carbon absorption. (4) Mainly influenced by regional land area, Northern China presented the highest per unit area carbon footprint and followed by Eastern China, and Northeast China; Central and Southern China, and Northwest China had a similar medium per unit area carbon footprint; Southwest China always had the lowest per unit area carbon footprint. (5) China faced great ecological pressure brought by carbon emission. Some measures should be taken both from reducing carbon emission and increasing carbon absorption. 相似文献
14.
基于土地利用变化的中国省域碳排放时空差异及碳补偿研究 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
选择中国30个省级行政区为研究单元,基于土地利用和能源消耗等数据,采用碳排放系数法,对2003~2016年中国土地利用碳源/汇进行计算,探究中国省域土地利用碳排放和碳吸收时空演变,并以碳盈亏时空分析为基础,通过生态补偿系数和经济贡献系数分析碳排放的差异性,以净碳排放量作为基准值进行碳补偿价值的研究。结果表明:① 研究期间碳排放总量和净碳排放量除在2015年出现小幅度下降现象,其余年度均呈现不断增加趋势;碳吸收总量呈现稳中有升的趋势。②土地利用碳吸收的主要载体是耕地和林地,碳汇资源空间差异明显,基本呈现西高东低的分布特征,多数省份在研究期内基本保持一致的碳吸收类型。③ 碳排放总量分布空间差异显著,且主要来自建设用地。④ 依据净碳排放量的区域差异,将其划分为高碳排放区、一般碳排放区、低碳排放区、碳汇区4种类型。⑤ 由于各省域碳补偿标准和净碳排放量的差异导致碳补偿价值区域差异明显。 相似文献
15.
中亚热带山区土地利用变化对土壤有机碳储量和质量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Land use/cover change (LUCC) is widely recognized as one of the most important driving forces of global carbon cycles. The
influence of converting native forest into plantations, secondary forest, orchard and arable land on stores and quality of
soil organic carbon (SOC) was investigated in mid-subtropical mountainous area of southern China. The results showed that
LUCC had led to great decreases in SOC stocks and quality. Considerable SOC and light-fraction organic carbon (LFOC) had been
stored in the native forest (142.2 t hm−2 and 14.8 t hm−2 respectively). When the native forest was converted to plantations, secondary forest, orchard and arable land, the SOC stocks
decreased by 25.6%, 28.7%, 38.0%, 31.8% and 51.2%, respectively. The LFOC stocks decreased by 52.2% to 57.2% when the native
forest was converted to woodland plantations and secondary forest, and by 82.1% to 84.2% when converted to economic plantation,
orchard and arable land. After the conversion, the ratios of LFOC to SOC (0–60 cm) decreased from 13.3% to about 3.0% to 10.7%.
The SOC and LFOC stored at the upper 20 cm were more sensitive to LUCC when compared to the subsurface soil layer. Also, the
decline in carbon storage induced by LUCC was greater than the global average level, it could be explained by the vulnerable
natural environment and special human management practices. Thus, it is wise to enhance soil carbon sequestration, mitigate
elevated atmospheric CO2 and develop ecological services by protecting vulnerable environment, restoring vegetation coverage, and afforesting in mountainous
area in mid-subtropics.
Foundation: Supported by the Key Project of Ministry of Education of China, No.JA04166
Author: Yang Yusheng (1964–), Professor, specialized in carbon and nitrogen cycles of forest. 相似文献
16.
ZHAO Rongqin HUANG Xianjin LIU Ying ZHONG Taiyang DING Minglei CHUAI Xiaowei 《地理学报》2014,24(1):159-176
Urban carbon footprint reflects the impact and pressure of human activities on urban environment. Based on city level, this paper estimated carbon emissions and carbon footprint of Nanjing city, analyzed urban carbon footprint intensity and carbon cycle pressure and discussed the influencing factors of carbon footprint through LMDI decomposition model. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The total carbon emissions of Nanjing increased rapidly since 2000, in which the carbon emission from the use of fossil energy was the largest. Meanwhile, carbon sinks of Nanjing presented a declining trend since 2000, which caused the decrease of carbon compensation rate and the increase of urban carbon cycle pressure. (2) The total carbon footprint of Nanjing increased rapidly since 2000, and the carbon deficit was more than ten times of total land areas of Nanjing in 2009, which means Nanjing confronted high carbon cycle pressure. (3) Generally, carbon footprint intensity of Nanjing was on decrease and the carbon footprint productivity was on increase. This indicated that energy utilization rate and carbon efficiency of Nanjing was improved since 2000, and the policy for energy conservation and emission reduction taken by Nanjing's government received better effects. (4) Economic development, population and industrial structure are promoting factors for the increase of carbon footprint of Nanjing, while the industrial carbon footprint intensity was inhibitory factor. (5) Several countermeasures should be taken to decrease urban carbon footprint and alleviate carbon cycle pressure, such as: improvement of the energy efficiency, industrial structure reconstruction, afforestation and environmental protection and land use control. Generally, transition to low-carbon economy is essential for Chinese cities to realize sustainable development in the future. 相似文献
17.
ZHAO Rongqin HUANG Xianjin LIU Ying ZHONG Taiyang DING Minglei CHUAI Xiaowei 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(1):159-176
Urban carbon footprint reflects the impact and pressure of human activities on ur- ban environment. Based on city level, this paper estimated carbon emissions and carbon footprint of Nanjing city, analyzed urban carbon footprint intensity and carbon cycle pressure and discussed the influencing factors of carbon footprint through LMDI decomposition model. The main conclusions are as follows： （1） The total carbon emissions of Nanjing increased rapidly since 2000, in which the carbon emission from the use of fossil energy was the largest Meanwhile, carbon sinks of Nanjing presented a declining trend since 2000, which caused the decrease of carbon compensation rate and the increase of urban carbon cycle pressure. （2） The total carbon footprint of Nanjing increased rapidly since 2000, and the carbon deficit was more than ten times of total land areas of Nanjing in 2009, which means Nanjing confronted high carbon cycle pressure. （3） Generally, carbon footprint intensity of Nanjing was on de- crease and the carbon footprint productivity was on increase. This indicated that energy utilization rate and carbon efficiency of Nanjing was improved since 2000, and the policy for energy conservation and emission reduction taken by Nanjing＇s government received better effects. （4） Economic development, population and industrial structure are promoting factors for the increase of carbon footprint of Nanjing, while the industrial carbon footprint intensity was inhibitory factor. （5） Several countermeasures should be taken to decrease urban carbon footprint and alleviate carbon cycle pressure, such as： improvement of the energy efficiency, industrial structure reconstruction, afforestation and environmental protection and land use control. Generally, transition to low-carbon economy is essential for Chinese cities to realize sustainable development in the future. 相似文献
18.
中亚热带山区土地利用变化 对土壤有机碳储量和质量的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
通过对中亚热带山区天然林、人工林(用材林和经济林)、次生林、果园和坡耕地等7 种典型土地利用方式的土壤有机碳储量及质量的研究, 结果表明: 中亚热带山区天然林转变 为其他土地利用类型后, 土壤有机碳储量下降了25.6%~51.2%, 而表层0~20 cm 土壤有机碳 储量下降了45.1%~74.8%, 比底层土壤有机碳对土地利用变化的响应更为敏感。土壤轻组有机碳储量(0~60 cm) 下降了52.2%~84.2%, 轻组有机碳占总有机碳比例从13.3%降到3.0% ~10.7%, 比土壤总有机碳对土地利用变化更为敏感。天然林转变为其他土地利用类型后土壤 有机碳损失巨大的原因主要与凋落物归还数量及质量, 水土流失和经营措施对土壤(特别是表层土壤) 的扰动引起土壤有机质加速分解等因素有关。坡耕地人为干扰最严重, 土壤有机 碳下降幅度最大。中亚热带山区土地利用变化引起土壤有机碳储量下降幅度高于全球平均水平, 主要与区域降水和地貌条件有关。因此, 保护山区脆弱生态环境, 加强天然林保护和植 被恢复, 合理营造人工林, 减少耕作, 对山区土壤碳吸存、减缓大气CO2 浓度升高和气候变化以及促进山区可持续开发的生态服务功能发展都具有重要意义。 相似文献