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1.
福建安海湾表层沉积物粒度特征及其现代沉积过程分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对福建安海湾表层沉积物的粒度分析和对比,应用系统聚类分析、粒径趋势模型和切应力计算公式,探讨了研究区粒度的分布特征、沉积环境分区、表层沉积物输运趋势及其影响因素.研究结果表明,研究区包括6种表层沉积物类型,以黏土质粉砂和粉砂为主,沉积物大体呈现自海湾两侧潮滩向潮汐通道变粗的分布趋势.表层沉积物粒度的分布特征与水动力条件和物质来源密切相关,湾口附近及湾内深槽内,细颗粒的沉积物被再悬浮带走,粗颗粒的含量增大;在湾内潮滩上,悬浮物质因水动力作用逐渐减弱发生分选沉降,形成向岸变细的横向分异.海湾外泥沙随潮流不断地向海湾东侧岸滩运移,海湾周边陆源来沙由湾顶部往湾口方向下泄,两者是导致表层沉积物出现明显的顺时针方向汇聚趋势的原因之一;表层沉积物的输运趋势、悬浮泥沙的输运、潮滩植被与湾口沙嘴的遮蔽效应共同影响了研究区内浅滩地形的形成和变化.研究区可分为四类沉积环境区,以潮滩和潮汐通道环境为主,不同沉积区内的粒度参数、粒级频率和敏感粒级均有差异,动力条件差异和不同物源的影响程度是现代沉积环境格局的主要影响因素. 相似文献
2.
兰州市宛川河中段表层沉积物中重金属元素迁移富集特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对兰州市宛川河中段双店子河段表层沉积物元素分析,结合有机质含量和粒度测试,运用聚类分析和相关分析的方法,研究了重金属元素在河流表层沉积环境中的分布及迁移富集等地球化学行为与特征。结果表明Zn元素在研究河段有轻度污染;相关分析表明重金属元素含量与沉积物粒度之间无显著相关性,重金属元素主要是在固-液平衡体系中、通过多相化学反应形成沉淀。污染源分析表明,造纸污水的排放是造成研究区域中上游河段有机质含量较高的主要原因,大分子有机物质的存在不仅改变了此段河流沉积物粒度的变化,且有机质对重金属元素的富集有一定减缓作用。 相似文献
3.
海南岛南渡江河口动力沉积模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
河口是一个迅速变化的、动态的海岸巨系统。作为陆地河流和和海洋过程的重要链接,河口的动力沉积过程一直是陆海相互作用研究的核心和焦点内容。本文基于2011年8月在南渡江河口采集的大范围表层沉积物样品,利用经验正交函数分析技术（EOF）对河口的动力沉积特征进行研究。结果表明:南渡江河口海床表层沉积物主要以砂为主,沉积物总体偏粗;河口的动力沉积特征自陆向海可分为三种动力沉积模式:①波控模式,该模式主要分布在河口地区10 m以浅的近岸区域,呈与岸线平行的带状分布,其表层沉积物以粉砂质砂为主,分选较差;②径、潮流耦合作用下的沉积模式,在径流和潮流的共同控制作用下,沉积物主要表现为粒径较粗,该模式呈扇形分布,其中20 m以浅河口海床受控于径流和潮流的共同作用,20 m以深海床表现为潮流控制的沉积模式;③台风或风暴潮控制的沉积模式,即整个河口海床都表现出受控于台风或者风暴潮作用的沉积特征,沉积物主要是以粗砂为主。常态作用下,河口以径、潮流控制的沉积模式为主,波浪、径流和潮流以及潮流控制的沉积模式自陆向海的规律性分布体现出南渡江河口近岸以波浪作用为主,而离岸则受河口尤其是洪水作用形成的喷射流以及沿岸潮流的影响。此外,尽管南渡江河口在过去的成果中将其归纳为波控河口,但目前的研究发现:该河口区域沉积类型变化明显受控于不同的动力作用,河口形态以及琼州海峡的障蔽和“狭管效应”为河口沉积环境变化的主要控制因素。 相似文献
4.
5.
沉积物粒度特征是反映沉积作用、沉积环境和沉积动力条件的明显标志,为了解广西钦州湾外湾海域沉积环境,对研究区167组表层沉积物样品进行粒度测定,分析粒度参数特征并划分沉积物类型,运用Pejrup三角投图对研究区进行沉积动力环境分区,采用Gao-Collins粒径趋势分析法总结研究区表层沉积物的运移趋势。结果表明：研究区表层沉积物以粉砂和砂为主,分选系数差。Folk-Ward分类法的结果显示研究区表层沉积物类型共12种,以砂质粉砂、砂质泥和粉砂分布最广,分别占样品总数的22.16%、17.37%和14.97%。沉积动力分析显示研究区的沉积环境复杂,水动力整体表现出由湾口向外逐渐减弱的特征。粒径趋势分析表明研究区表层沉积物整体向湾口及潮流深槽(航道)方向运移。综合分析表明研究区的沉积环境主要受潮流、波浪及人类活动等的影响。研究成果可为港口建设、深水航道改扩建以及海洋牧场建设等提供科学参考。 相似文献
6.
南极布兰斯菲尔德海峡冰海沉积环境与沉积模式初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南极布兰斯菲尔德海峡晚更新世以来沉积物具有明显的冰川－海洋环境标志，为典型的冰海沉积物。本文通过43个站位表层和柱状沉积物的粒度、成分、结构构造、微体古生物、石英颗粒表面结构等特征综合分析，对研究区的冰海沉积物类型及其分区和沉积环境进行初步研究，并讨论间冰期／高水位和冰期／低水位的沉积模式。冰海沉积物可分为残副冰碛物和混合副冰碛物两类；不同类型的冰海沉积物有着不同的介质条件和相应的生物组合，反映一定的沉积环境，研究区现代冰海沉积物类型可分为7个物征明显不同的区域；间冰期／高水位和冰期／低水位的沉积模式具有明显不同的特征，受控于全球气候演变和岩线轮廓、海底地形及水文条件等环境因素的制约。 相似文献
7.
沉积物粒度分布特征可揭示沉积动力环境。基于广西南流江河口水下三角洲的粒度分析数据,采用Folk分类法进行分类,应用端元分析对其粒度数据进行分解,探讨了南流江河口水下三角洲的物源和现代沉积动力环境。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物可划分为9类,其中含砾沉积物5类,不含砾沉积物4类,沉积物类型与河口环境动力特征相吻合。端元分析结果显示,研究区有5个不同类型的端元,分别代表着5种类型的沉积物动力环境:端元1反映了风浪和潮流对表层沉积物的动力作用;端元2指示了外海涌浪对表层沉积物的作用过程;端元3代表了南流江冲淡水引起的表层沉积物的输运;端元4代表了大陆架残留沉积物;端元5为干扰端元,可能是由于工程建设等人类活动所引起的。利用端元分析探讨复杂环境(如小型山溪性河口)下的沉积动力环境时,一方面需要综合考虑研究区域的物源与环境动力特征;另一方面可以结合参数拟合、粒径趋势分析等研究手段。 相似文献
8.
南海北部陆架海域表层沉积物地球化学特征及地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
依据南海北部陆架海域225个站位表层沉积物粒度和常量元素的地球化学分析,探讨了常量元素的空间分布规律及地质意义。该区域沉积物主要为粉砂、细砂等细粒沉积,平均粒径5.38。沉积物常量元素组合以SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO、CaO、Na2O、K2O为主,约占沉积物总量的87.96%,其空间分布特征与沉积物类型密切相关。Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO、K2O、Org.C等分布趋势相似,具有较好的相关性,倾向于富集在细粒沉积物中;SiO2、CaO、CaCO3与大多数元素呈负相关,倾向于富集在粗颗粒沉积物中,反映了“元素的粒度控制律”。元素总体分布规律显示沉积物的常量元素含量受细粒黏土矿物吸附作用、石英矿物和碳酸钙稀释作用的共同影响。元素统计结果表明,表层沉积物的常量元素大体可分为2类：第1类包括Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO、TiO2、P2O5、MnO等,代表陆源较细粒碎屑沉积,是控制研究区沉积物化学成分的最主要因素;第2类主要包括CaO、CaCO3,代表海洋生物沉积。同时可将研究区分为3个沉积区域：I沉积区为粤西近岸及北部湾北部区域,具有明显陆源碎屑沉积特征;Ⅱ沉积区位于粤西陆架水深＞60 m海域,受海源生物作用明显;Ⅲ沉积区位于珠江口西南部水深40～60 m海域,为斑块状砾质粗粒沉积。 相似文献
9.
10.
以浙江沿海表层沉积物为研究对象,系统地研究了重金属有效结合态与沉积环境、矿物组成和人为排放等环境因素之间的相互关系.结果表明:沿海表层沉积物中重金属的积累数量,呈现出潮汐河口沉积物>沿海沉积物>强潮汐河口沉积物的趋势,这反映了不同沉积类型对重金属富集作用的差异;重金属的有效结合态,总体上以铁锰氧化物结合态>碳酸盐结合态>硫化物及有机结合态>可交换态的顺序存在,但是不同的重金属或同种重金属在不同的采点,主要有效结合态的比例存在明显的差异,这不仅与重金属的地球化学性质、沉积环境和沉积物中的粘土矿物组成有关,更受到重金属污染物的人为排放量的影响. 相似文献
11.
Shengfa Liu Xuefa Shi Yanguang Liu Zhiwei Zhu Gang Yang Aimei Zhu Jingjing Gao 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(2):567-579
Heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg, and As), grain-size, pH, Eh, and total organic material (TOM and TN) of 59 surficial
sediments of mud area from the inner continental shelf of the East China Sea have been analyzed. The relations of the heavy
metals to sediment composition, pH, reduction/oxidation conditions and total organic materials were evaluated with multivariate
statistics analysis, and the hydrodynamic conditions such as coastal current and Taiwan warm current are the other important
controlling factors to the distribution of heavy metals. Sediment enrichment factors and potential ecological hazard index
(
E\textRI E_{\text{RI}} ) were used to assess the heavy metals accumulation; the results indicate that moderate contamination of most heavy metals
is prevalent, and the contamination level in the estuary is rather high, which is mainly from anthropogenic source. Compared
with other areas in China, the contaminant level of the study area is moderate. 相似文献
12.
泉州湾洛阳江河口桐花树和秋茄红树植物中重金属元素的分布与富集特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过测定泉州湾洛阳江河口红树林区表层沉积物中酸提重金属元素含量及桐花树、秋茄两种红树植物各部位中重金属元素含量,分析了重金属元素在两红树植物不同部位的分布特征及其富集和迁移能力,并初步探讨了两种红树植物体内各重金属元素的主要来源。红树林区各采样点表层沉积物中重金属元素酸提量顺序为:FeMnZnPbCuCrN iCo,Cu和Pb的平均酸提量超过第一类海洋沉积物质量标准限值。同种元素在两种红树植物不同部位中的含量顺序一致:Cu为根枝叶;N i为叶根枝;Fe、Mn、Cr、Zn、Pb、Co为根叶枝。两种红树植物对N i、Cr、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn的富集能力高于Co和Pb。秋茄对Cu、N i、Mn、Fe、Co的富集能力比桐花树略强些,而对Zn、Cr、Pb的富集能力则相对弱些;但两种植物对各元素的富集能力都达不到超富集植物的要求。两种植物对N i元素的富集能力都大于其他元素,且都集中在叶部,其他元素则主要集中在根部。除N i外,其余元素在两植物体内的迁移系数均小于1。桐花树中的Cr和秋茄中的Cu、Zn、Mn主要来源于林地沉积物,其他元素在两植物各部位均有不同的来源。 相似文献
13.
《Applied Geochemistry》2005,20(6):1195-1208
The upper intertidal zone, and salt marshes in particular, have been shown by numerous authors to be effective medium to long-term storage areas for a range of contaminants discharged or transported into the estuarine environment. A detailed understanding of the specific controls on the trapping and storage of contaminants, however, is absent for many estuarine systems. This paper examines heavy metal distribution and accumulation in two contrasting Spartina sp.-dominated macrotidal salt marsh systems – a rapidly prograding, relatively young marsh system at the Vasiere Nord, near the mouth of the Seine estuary, France, and a more mature, less extensive marsh system in the Medway estuary, UK. The spatial distribution of the heavy metals Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni and Co is assessed and compared in both systems via detailed surface sampling and analysis, while the longer-term accumulation of these metals and its temporal variability is compared via analysis of dated sediment cores. Of the two sites studied, the more extensive marsh system at the Vasiere Nord in the Seine estuary shows a clear differentiation of heavy metals across the marsh and fronting mudflat, with highest metal concentrations found in surface sediments from the more elevated, interior marsh areas. At Horrid Hill in the Medway estuary, the spatial distribution of heavy metals in surface sediments is more irregular, and there is no clear relationship between heavy metal concentration and site elevation, with average concentrations similar in the marsh and fronting mudflats. Sediment core data indicate that the more recent near-surface sediments at Horrid Hill are clearly more contaminated than those at greater depth, with most heavy metal contamination confined to the upper 20 cm of the sediment column (with peak metal input in the late 1960s/early 1970s). In contrast, due to extremely rapid sediment accretion at the mouth of the Seine, heavy metal distribution with depth at the Vasiere Nord site is relatively erratic, with metal concentrations showing a general increase with depth. These sediments provide little information on temporal trends in heavy metal loading to the Seine estuary. Overall, heavy metal concentrations at both sites are within typical ranges reported for other industrialised estuaries in NW Europe. 相似文献
14.
Heavy metal levels in surface sediments from Tamaki Estuary demonstrate significant up estuary increases in Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd
and mud concentrations. Increased metal levels towards the head of the estuary are linked to local catchment sources reflecting
the historical development, industrialisation and urbanisation of catchment areas surrounding the upper estuary. The relatively
narrow constriction in the middle estuary (Panmure area), makes it susceptible to accumulation of upper estuary pollutants,
since the constriction reduces circulation and extends the time required for fine waterborne sediments in the upper estuary
to exchange with fresh coastal water. As a result fine fraction sediments trapped in the upper estuary facilitate capture
and retention of pollutants at the head of the estuary. The increase in sandy mud poor sediments towards the mouth of the
estuary is associated with generally low metal concentrations. The estuary’s geomorphic shape with a mid estuary constriction,
sediment texture and mineralogy and catchment history are significant factors in understanding the overall spatial distribution
of contaminants in the estuary. Bulk concentration values for Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd in all the studied surface samples occur
below ANZECC ISQG-H toxicity values. Cd and Cu concentrations are also below the ISQG-L toxicity levels for these elements.
However, Pb and Zn concentrations do exceed the ISQG-L values in some of the surface bulk samples in the upper estuary proximal
to long established sources of catchment pollution. 相似文献
15.
Senapathi Venkatramanan Thirunavukkarasu Ramkumar Irudhayanathan Anithamary 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(5):1371-1380
The aim of this study is to understand the various sources and factors controlling the abundance and distribution of clay minerals, sand, silt, clay and organic matter of the surface sediments of Tirumalairajanar Estuary in two different seasons. The study was undertaken for two seasons, based on ten selected stations all along the estuary, mouth and freshwater zone. Furthermore, along the estuary region, clay and silt were observed and also at few stations in the upstream end. Organic matters in the sediments appeared to be the main mechanisms for the distribution of clay minerals in estuary indicated that the distributions of clay minerals were comparatively higher during postmonsoon than in premonsoon season. The clay mineral assemblage consists mainly of chlorite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite and very scarce gibbsite. The clay from the sediments has been separated and studied for mineral identification using X-ray diffraction analysis. The present study also reveals that sediment texture is one of the main controlling factors for the distribution of organic matter. 相似文献
16.
钱塘江南岸ＳＥ２孔晚第四纪以来沉积物粒度特征及环境演化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用钱塘江南岸萧山地区SE2孔的粒度资料,分析了粒度参数、频率分布曲线和概率累积曲线的
特征,并结合沉积物的岩性、沉积构造和有孔虫的分布特点,探讨了该区自晚第四纪以来的沉积环境演化。结
果表明,晚第四纪以来,钱塘江南岸地区依次接受了河床相、河漫滩相、潮坪相、近岸浅海相和河口湾相5种
沉积。河床相沉积物以砂砾为主,粒度参数变化较大,概率分布曲线为3段式,频率分布曲线为不对称的双峰
式,主要发育块状层理,生物化石稀少。河漫滩相以细砂、粉砂级沉积物为主,频率分布曲线为单峰式,富含
生物壳体碎屑和植物根茎。潮坪相沉积物表现为粉砂和黏土互层沉积,粒度参数变化频繁,频率分布曲线多为
双峰式,韵律层理发育。近岸浅海相沉积物主要为淤泥质黏土,粒度参数稳定,概率分布曲线为2段式,以悬
浮组分为主,频率分布曲线为单峰式,有孔虫含量丰富。河口湾相沉积物以粉砂和细砂组成的韵律性沉积为主,
粒度参数富于变化,概率分布曲线为3段式,频率分布曲线为双峰式。 相似文献
17.
石英颗粒表面“V”形撞击坑与化学溶蚀坑的鉴别 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
石英颗粒表面特征主要是从形态上来加以区分,它是一种形貌分析法。很多特征在不同的搬运和沉积过程中都存在,因此不能用单一的特征来分析其搬运介质、搬运方式和沉积史。要综合分析全部特征,去伪存真,同时对这些特征要有正确的鉴定,这是分析的基础。 相似文献
18.
N. A. Titaeva E. S. Grishantseva N. S. Safronova 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2007,62(3):173-183
This paper discusses the distribution of trace elements in certain genetic horizons of flooded soils and riverside soil cover and compares it with the heavy metal distribution in bottom sediments of the Ivankovo Reservoir area in the Volga River valley. We present data on the chemical and grain-size compositions of bottom sediments and the concentrations of biophile elements and humus in these sediments. Correlation and factor analyses were applied to reveal the relationships between the abundances of heavy metals and humus and the grain-size composition. 相似文献
19.
Luiz Carlos Cotovicz Junior Eunice da Costa Machado Nilva Brandini Rafaela Cristine Zem Bastiaan Adriaan Knoppers 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(2):373-386
This study addresses the distribution of total phosphorus (TP) and its inorganic (IP) and organic (OP) fractions, grain-size and organic matter of surface and recent sediments, coupled to the behavior of total and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (TP and DIP) of the water column, of the semi-pristine Guaratuba Bay estuary, SE Brazil. Surface sediment samples were taken at 43 sites spread along the estuarine gradient and recent sediments from 3 short (35 cm long) cores from the upper, central and lower portions of the estuary, respectively. Highest TP and IP concentrations of surface sediments were detected within the upper sector and the transition zone between the upper and central sectors, all characterized by fine sediments, low salinities and water depths. In contrast, the lower sector and its narrow and deep tidal channel, subject to more intense tidal forcing, exhibited a higher fraction of sandy sediments with lower TP, IP and OP contents. In spite of the spatial variability in sediment grain size, IP corresponded to the major fraction of TP in all estuarine sectors and both TP and IP correlated significantly with the fine sedimentary (silt + clay) grain-size fraction. The fine surface sediments acted as a trap for IP at the fresh water–low salinity interface, which also corresponded to the region of a DIP sink in surface waters. In general, the short sediment cores showed that TP and IP contents increased from 15 cm depths to the top layer. Published sedimentation rates from additional cores taken at the sites of the short cores of this study, implied that depositional alterations of TP and IP increased during the early 1970s, which corresponded to the onset of anthropogenic disturbances from crop plantations in the lowland plains of the river end-member and urbanization at the estuary’s mouth and along the adjacent coast. 相似文献
20.
笔者应用因子克里格分析方法,研究了珠江口西部海域388个表层沉积物中7种重金属元素Cd, Ni,Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr和As的空间结构特征,识别并分离了重金属元素不同尺度的空间主成分及其分布特征,探讨了不同空间尺度重金属的物源及控制因素。结果显示,研究区7种重金属元素在空间上存在块金尺度、局部尺度(变程为60 km的球状结构)和区域尺度(变程为160 km的球状结构)3种尺度的空间变化。以迭代算法模拟了研究区重金属元素线性协同区域化模型。根据不同尺度上区域化因子的主成分得分分布特征可知:局部尺度上,F1因子(Zn,Cr,Ni,Cu)和F2因子(As)的高值区表现为"牛眼"状局部特征,并分布在陆地沿海的河口或者港湾区,指示了可能受人为污染成分影响的重金属区域。其中,雷州半岛东部沿海是最可能的重金属污染区,其空间分布主要受控于局部的地形、海流等因素。F2因子不同于F1的空间分布,主要在于As不同于Zn,Cr,Ni,Cu等的地球化学行为。区域尺度上,F1(Zn,Cr,Ni)和F2(As)因子主要反映了不同陆源母岩物质的影响。Zn,Cr,Ni等主要源于华南大陆陆源母岩物质,而As主要受到海南岛陆源母岩物质的控制。F1和F2因子得分高值区整体上表现为NNE向自陆地向较深海域延伸的"片状"分布特征,推测其主要受到海平面变化及NNE向区域性海洋环流的控制。 相似文献