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1.
为了解大亚湾表层沉积物中重金属的污染状况,对大亚湾海域23个点位表层沉积物中7种重金属元素（Cr、Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、As）的质量分数、形态特征、来源控制因素以及潜在生态风险进行了研究。采用优化BCR提取法分析重金属元素赋存形态,并依据各种重金属元素的形态特征与沉积物基质属性进行了相关因子分析,了解其分布的控制因素。结果表明：大亚湾沉积物重金属元素呈现环带状分布特征,从岸向湾内逐渐减小;重金属元素质量分数的高值区主要分布于大鹏澳、哑铃湾及范和港附近;重金属元素赋存形态中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As主要以残渣态存在,Pb主要以可还原态存在,Cd主要以酸提取态存在;7种重金属元素各自非残渣态所占比率从大到小为Pb(78.83%)、Cd(78.65%)、Cu(48.54%)、Zn(48.10%)、Ni(38.31%)、Cr(28.43%)、As(27.76%),即Pb最高,As最低,表明Pb的迁移性最强;通过因子分析,大亚湾重金属主要为沿岸自然风化产物的输入,其次为工业废水及养殖污水。运用酸提取态风险评估法对重金属元素潜在生态风险进行评价,发现研究区所选重金属元素综合风险评价Cd为高风险,其余重金属为中-低风险等级。 相似文献
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沈阳细河沿岸土壤中重金属垂直分布特征与形态分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
研究了沈阳细河沿岸翟家、彰驿和黄腊坨地区13个土壤剖面样品中重金属的垂直分布特征,对土壤环境危害较大的3种重金属元素Cd、Hg、As进行了重点分析。采用改进的Tessier连续萃取法研究了5个表层土壤中7种重金属元素的形态分布。研究表明土壤重金属元素形态分布具有以下特点:As、Cu、Cr、Zn和Pb主要以残渣态存在;Cd主要以离子交换态存在,残渣态所占的比例较低,表明表层土壤中Cd的活动性较强,容易迁移进入生态食物链。大部分样品中Hg以残渣态为主。除Cd外,土壤中其余6种重金属的可交换态含量都比较低。7种重金属的潜在迁移能力顺序为:CdHgPbZnCrCuAs。 相似文献
3.
大型金属矿山不同环境介质中重金属元素化学形态分布特征——以甘肃金昌市和白银市为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
重金属元素在环境介质中的存在形态及各形态比例是决定其迁移性和生物可利用性的重要因素.采用BCR法连续提取过程对大型金属矿山周围土壤和水体沉积物中Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn化学形态的分析结果表明,土壤和水体沉积物中不同重金属元素化学形态分布有很大差异.总体而言,Cd以弱酸提取态为主(约占60%),Cr以残渣态为主,占90%以上,Cu以可氧化态为主(约占60%),Ni和Pb以可还原态为主,分别约占50%和60%,Zn以残渣态为主,约占45%.不同区域土壤中重金属元素各形态质量分数之和依次为厂区外围>尾矿坝旁>农田,各形态分布也与总量具有相似的变化趋势.金昌市矿山环境介质中重金属以Cu和Ni为主,白银市以Cd、Cu和Pb为主,重金属元素的生物可利用态和潜在可利用态质量分数高,平均约占各金属,总量的60%～90%,对周围环境具有很大的潜在生态危害性. 相似文献
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太湖沉积物中重金属的地球化学形态及特征分析 总被引：24，自引：2，他引：22
用连续提取法分析了太湖沉积物5种重金属的地球化学形态,对地球化学形态的组成和地理特征进行了分析研究.重金属地球化学形态配分的共同特点是可交换态最低,残渣态最高.两种形态中Cd的可交换态最高,Cr的残渣态最高,可交换态最低.Cd的碳酸盐态较高,Cr的最低;Pb、Cd的Fe-Mn氧化态较高,Cu的偏低;Cu的有机态最高,Cd的最低;Zn的地球化学形态比例大都处于中间.地域上变化较大的元素是Cd和Cu,变化不明显的元素有Pb和Zn.化学成分中Fe2O3、MnO与重金属地球化学形态的相关性最好,TOC与Cu的形态相关系数最高.综合对比分析表明,太湖沉积物重金属的生物有效性以Cd为最高,其次为Pb. 相似文献
6.
通过分析赣南大余地区农田土壤As、Cd元素化学形态含量,研究土壤中As、Cd元素形态含量特征和垂向变化、全量与形态含量的相关性。研究表明,赣南大余地区农田生态系统中土壤残渣态As、离子交换态Cd含量分别为22.14mg/kg和0.437mg/kg,分别占其总量的76.88%和54.97%;异常区表层土壤As、Cd元素的活动态百分比含量分别为4.03%和70.29%,分别高出对照区1.55倍和0.61倍;受污灌或洪水漫淹的农田土壤中As、Cd元素活动态含量具有垂直分布特征,其在0~20cm的表层土壤中富集显著,而20cm之下的土层含量有不同程度的下降。随表层土壤As、Cd元素总量增加,残渣态As和离子交换态Cd的百分比含量增加,而其它形态的百分含量下降或无显著变化。 相似文献
7.
巢湖沉积物镉等重金属地球化学分布、赋存特征及危害性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对巢湖表层沉积物中8种重金属元素的分布特征和生态风险进行了研究和评价。结果表明：沉积物中Hg、Cd含量总体高于背景值,其中西部沉积物中重金属含量明显高于中东部湖区,并表现出多元素复合污染特征;Hakanson潜在生态危害指数表明巢湖沉积物重金属生态危害变化于轻微-强危害程度,以西北部湖区最为严重,Hg和Cd是主要影响因子,其它元素生态危害性较小;沉积物中As、cd、Hg、Pb元素主要以残渣态（非有效态）形式存在,但沉积物中腐殖酸态的As和Hg、铁锰氧化态的Pb、离子态的Cd占总量比例较高,其中又以Cd易利用态比例最高,生物有效性最强,具有较高的生态危害风险。 相似文献
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北京城区土壤中Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu及Zn化学形态及环境效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为弄清北京城区土壤中Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu及Zn五种重金属元素的化学形态分布特征,系统采集了126件城区表层土壤样品,采用连续提取法对重金属元素各化学形态含量进行了测定。结果表明:土壤中土壤中Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn含量差异显著。Hg元素以残渣态和强有机结合态为主,Cd元素离子交换态、碳酸盐结合态、残渣态、铁锰氧化物结合态含量较高,Pb、Cu、Zn元素以残渣态、铁锰氧化物结合态为主。Hg元素的有效态含量最低(不足1%),现情况下不会对环境造成污染;Cd元素的有效态含量最高(40%),生物有效性和潜在生态危害性较大,运用植物修复技术对其治理为经济有效的方法;Pb、Cu、Zn有效态含量较低(约10%),生物有效性和潜在生态危害性均有限。各元素形态与全量之间相关程度虽有差别,但基本呈正相关关系。 相似文献
10.
为了解东菲律宾海新型铁锰结壳中元素的赋存状态, 采用化学提取方法对3个结壳样品进行了物相分析.不同类型结壳中成矿和稀土元素的赋存状态总体一致, 表明它们形成于相近的地质和海洋环境中.成矿元素中的Fe和Cu绝大部分赋存在残渣态中, Mn、Co和Ni则主要赋存在锰氧化物结合态、有机结合态和残渣态中, 并且埋藏型结壳样品锰氧化物结合态中赋存了相对更高比例的成矿元素.三价稀土元素主要集中在锰氧化物结合态中.两个沉积物表层结壳样品中的Ce主要集中在残渣态中.而埋藏型结壳样品中的Ce则主要赋存在锰氧化物结合态中, 这可能与该样品此相态中赋存了相对较多的Mn有关.呈碳酸盐结合态和有机结合态的稀土元素含量仅各占稀土总量的1%左右, 表明两者对结壳中稀土元素的富集作用很小. 相似文献
11.
为探讨渤海西部在多重环境因素变化下沉积物中重金属的环境地球化学行为,分析了渤海西部44个站位表层沉积物样品中8种重金属元素含量,研究了重金属元素的分布特征、环境影响因素及其生态风险。结果表明,渤海西部表层沉积物中As、Cu、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn的平均含量分别为117 mg/kg、255 mg/kg、014 mg/kg、689 mg/kg、0037 mg/kg、303 mg/kg、223 mg/kg、757 mg/kg;Cu、Cr、Ni、Zn含量与有机碳含量、小于63 μm细粒沉积物呈显著正相关,其在表层沉积物中的分布明显受到有机质含量和沉积物粒径的控制,而As、Hg分布没有明显受到有机质含量的影响。富集系数显示,Cr、Ni、Pb和Zn为无富集,Cu、As为轻度富集,Cd和Hg为中度富集。与多种背景值和一致性沉积物质量基准相比较,渤海西部表层沉积物Pb、Cd的含量超出背景值,而Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、As、Hg含量也存在一定的异常,但其含量水平引发有害生物效应的可能性不大,尽管重金属元素含量偏高,但生态风险较小。 相似文献
12.
To evaluate muck sediments as a potential soil amendment, total and Mehlich III-extractable concentrations of Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Co in 59 muck sediment samples from the St. Lucie Estuary were analyzed. A seven-step chemical fractionation procedure was used to assess the potential mobility of heavy metals. Except for Cd, the average total concentrations of the metals are lower than the reported average concentrations of these elements in municipal composts in the U.S.A. The concentrations were also below critical levels for the safe use of wastes and byproducts in agriculture, as established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn and Co in the sediments were predominantly associated with silicate minerals in the residual form. Most metals in the muck sediments occur predominantly in weakly mobile or nonbioavailable forms. Use of mucks in neutral pH upland soils should not pose any significant hazards or risk to the environment. However, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Co, especially Zn, Cu, and Pb, could be more readily released from the muck sediments under acidic soil conditions. 相似文献
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Lan Wang Yaping Wang Wenzhao Zhang Chunxue Xu Ziyi An 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(3):1183-1193
The concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As, Hg, and Fe) in sediments of the Yangtze River, China, were investigated to evaluate levels of contamination and their potential sources. The lowest heavy metal concentrations were found in the source regions of the river basin. Relatively high concentrations of metals, except Cr, were found in the Sichuan Basin, and the highest concentrations were in the Xiangjiang and Shun’anhe rivers. All concentrations, except Ni, were higher than global averages. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis showed that Zn, Pb, As, Hg, and Cd were derived mainly from the exploitation of various multi-metal minerals, industrial wastewater, and domestic sewage. Cu, Co, and Fe were derived mainly from natural weathering (erosion). Cr and Ni were derived mainly from agricultural activities, municipal and industrial wastewater. Sediment pollution was assessed using the geoaccumulation index (I geo) and enrichment factor (EF). Among the ten heavy metals assessed, Cd and Pb had the highest I geo values, followed by Cu, As, Zn, and Hg. The I geo values of Fe, Cr, Co, and Ni were <0 in all sediments. EF provided similar information to I geo: no enrichment was found for Cr, Co, and Ni. Cu, Zn, As, and Hg were relatively enriched at some sites while Cd and Pb showed significant enrichment. 相似文献
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Distribution and enrichment of heavy metals in a sediment core from the Pearl River Estuary 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
Baolin Liu Ke Hu Zhenglong Jiang Juan Yang Ximing Luo Aihua Liu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,62(2):265-275
A sediment core collected from coastal zone near the Qiao Island in the Pearl River Estuary was analyzed for total metal concentrations,
chemical partitioning, and physico-chemical properties. Three vertical distribution patterns of the heavy metals in the sediment
core were identified, respectively. The dominant binding phases for Cu, Pb, Cr, and Zn were the residual and Fe/Mn oxides
fractions. Cd in all sediments was mainly associated with exchangeable fraction. Influences of total organic carbon content
and cation exchange capacity on the total concentrations and fractions of almost all the metals were not evident, whereas
sand content might play an important role in the distributions of residual phases of Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn. In addition, sediment
pH had also an important influence on the Fe/Mn oxides, organic/sulfide and residual fractions of Cr, Cu, and Zn. Contamination
assessment on the heavy metals in the sediment core adopting Index of Geoaccumulation showed that Cr, V, Be, Se, Sn, and Tl
were unpolluted, while Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Co were polluted in different degrees throughout the core. It was remarkable
that the various pollution levels of the metals from moderate (for Cu, Pb, and Zn) to strong (for Cd) were observed in the
top 45 cm of the profiles. The relative decrease of the residual fraction in the upper 45 cm of the core is striking, especially
for Zn and Cu, and, also for Pb, and Cr. The change in fraction distribution in the upper 45 cm, which is very much contrasting
to the one at larger depths, confirms that the residual fraction is related to the natural origin of these metals, whereas
in the upper part, the non-residual fractions (mainly the Fe/Mn oxides fraction) are increased due to pollution in the last
decade. The possible sources for Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd contaminations were attributed to the increasing municipal and industrial
wastewater discharges, agricultural runoff, atmospheric inputs, and runoff from upstream mining or smelting activities, which
may be associated with an accelerating growth of economy in the Pearl River Delta region in the past decade. 相似文献
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鸭绿江河口及近岸地区沉积物中重金属分布的影响因素分析 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
对鸭绿江河口不同地区沉积物中重金属分布特征和埋藏通量的垂向变化进行了分析;探讨了其独特的动力环境等因素对重金属分布的影响;评价了鸭绿江河口地区重金属污染状况及潜在生态风险程度.结果显示,自1920年代到2000年以来,除了Cu的含量和埋藏通量逐年减小之外,Cr、Ni、Zn、Cd、Pb、As和Hg的浓度和埋藏通量具有逐渐增加的趋势;鸭绿江河口地区重金属总体污染程度为重到严重,其中西水道沉积物的重金属总体污染程度和总潜在生态风险程度均最高,重金属污染已经对鸭绿江河口地区的生态环境构成了严重的危害;粒度控制效应不是鸭绿江河口地区重金属分布的最主要影响因素;Cu和其他几种重金属有着不同的来源;最大浑浊带独特的动力机制是造成中水道重金属(除Cu外)的高值分布区和最大浑浊带内的高悬沙浓度分布区相对应的最主要原因. 相似文献
16.
长江沉积物环境地球化学特征及生态风险评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了进行长江流域沉积物生态风险评价,对长江流域干流以及主要支流的沉积物统一进行采样分析。首先对其元素的组成特征及重金属元素的富集特征进行分析。常量元素含量在流域空间上的变化主要受其携带矿物含量变化的影响;Cu、Pb、Cd、As、Hg 5种微量元素富集程度较大,存在异常。同时采用潜在生态风险指数法对长江沉积物Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As、Hg 10种元素进行了评价研究。结果表明,潜在生态风险指数较大的地区分布在湖南湘江、安徽铜陵等地区,中等的地区分布在四川、重庆及江西等地区,这些潜在污染指数与矿产的开采冶炼以及工业的布局有一定的关系,很大程度上是由人为因素造成的。从元素的潜在污染程度看,长江流域Cd、As、Hg污染程度较重,Cu、Zn、Pb次之,而Cr、Mn、Co、Ni基本没有污染。本研究为探讨长江流域沉积地球化学过程和环境保护提供了科学依据。 相似文献
17.
Assessing the current state of the Gironde Estuary by mapping priority contaminant distribution and risk potential in surface sediment 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Aurlie Larrose Alexandra Coynel Jrg Schfer Grard Blanc Laurent Mass Eric Maneux 《Applied Geochemistry》2010,25(12):1912-1923
Based on high spatial resolution monitoring, the first spatial distribution maps for the eight trace elements identified as priority contaminants in aquatic systems (i.e. As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) in surface sediments of the Gironde Estuary (SW France) are presented. This large European fluvial–estuarine system is known for important historical multi-element (mainly Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb) pollution by former mining and mineral processing activation in the Riou-Mort watershed located 350 km upstream the estuary. As a consequence, oyster production in the estuary is prohibited, and Cd concentrations in oysters from the Marennes-Oléron area are close to consumption thresholds. Surface sediment samples were analysed for grain size, particulate organic C and trace element concentrations. Determination of trace elements was carried out by ICP-MS for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Th and Zn, and by CV-AAS for Hg. Total and potentially released trace element stocks in the surface sediment were evaluated by using concentrations in the estuary and in selected sediment core. Assuming that sediment resuspension affects mainly the uppermost sediment layer, the total trace element stocks in the studied 0–10 cm depth range may represent the equivalent of one (Cd) to eight (As, Cr) times the annual fluvial trace element inputs into the estuary. Comparing total trace element concentrations in surface sediment with: (i) data on the regional geochemical baseline to evaluate the potentially remobilised fraction and (ii) the potentially bioavailable fraction aimed at establishing a first spatially resolved risk assessment of the trace element “cocktail” present in these sediments at the estuary scale. After correction for grain size effects by Th normalisation, potentially highly toxic metals such as Cd and Hg showed the highest enrichment factors. From ecotoxicological indices, areas were identified and quantified where trace element levels and mobility may bear a risk to benthic organisms. The GIS-based spatial distribution of ecotoxicological indices for the trace element “cocktail” suggests that ∼95% of the surface sediment are ‘Low–Medium’-priority zones, highlighting the need for further impact studies. The produced maps of trace element distributions and associated risk potentials are likely to be a useful tool to authorities in charge of sustainable estuarine management, e.g. for the optimisation of dredging activities or development of the estuarine infrastructure. 相似文献
18.
Distribution and speciation of heavy metals in surface sediments from the Yangtze estuary and coastal areas 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Xue Li Ying Wang Baohua Li Chenghong Feng Yaxin Chen Zhenyao Shen 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(5):1537-1547
The concentrations and speciation of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the sediments of the nearshore area, river channel and coastal zones of the Yangtze estuary, China, were systematically investigated in this study. The concentrations of all heavy metals except Ni in the sediments of the nearshore area were higher than those of the river channel and coastal zones. In the nearshore area, the concentrations of most heavy metals except Hg in the sediments of the southern branch were higher than those of the northern branch because of the import of pollutants from the urban and industrial activities around. When compared with the threshold effect level (TEL) and geochemical background levels, Cr, Ni and As accumulated and posed potential adverse biological effects. The speciation analysis suggested that Cd, Pb and Zn in the sediments of the three zones showed higher bioavailability than the other heavy metals, and thus posed ecological risk. Significant correlations were observed among Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn (r > 0.77) in the nearshore area, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb (r > 0.85) in the river channel and Ni, Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn (r > 0.75) in the coastal zone. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the discharge of unban and industrial sewage, shipping pollution and the properties of the sediments (contents of Fe, Mn, Al, TOC, clay and silt) dominated the distribution of heavy metal in the nearshore area, river channel and coastal zones of the Yangtze estuary. 相似文献
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某矿区土壤重金属分布特征及来源解析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究赣南某矿区土壤重金属污染状况及来源,以该矿区内40个土壤样品为研究对象,分析了土壤中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cd、As和Hg等8种重金属元素的含量,并采用频率直方图、相关性分析、主成分分析等多种统计方法探究了土壤重金属含量的分布特征及来源。研究结果表明:(1)研究区8种重金属中有7种不同程度地超过了江西省土壤重金属元素背景值;(2)Pb、Zn、As和Hg的含量接近正态分布,而Cu、Cr、Ni和Cd的含量则呈现出右偏分布的趋势,这可能与研究区矿山开采活动及土地利用类型等因素有关;(3)矿区土壤重金属相关性分析表明,Cu、Cr、Ni的同源性较高,可能具有相同的污染源,而Pb、Zn、Cd等元素与Cu、Cr、Ni相比,其来源可能存在一定的差异;(4)主成分分析结果显示,矿区内土壤中8种重金属元素含量可以由2个主成分来解释,所代表的实际意义按贡献率排序分别是成土母质和人为采矿活动;(5)矿区内土壤重金属污染物主要为Pb、Zn、Cd,人为采矿活动是这三种重金属污染的主要来源。 相似文献