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1.
《矿产与地质》2020,(3)
为揭示左江流域崇左段沉积物中重金属分布特征及其生态风险,共采集了27个表层水系沉积物样品,对其进行As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn等8种重金属元素含量和有机质(TOC、TN)的测定。结果表明:表层沉积物中重金属含量空间离散性中等,处于较低污染状态,主要为Cd重金属元素的污染,工业区附近点位出现Hg、Pb和Zn的污染;Cd和Hg表现出中等程度的潜在生态风险;Cd、As、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn金属之间及与有机质间呈极显著的正相关,来源基本相似,主要来源是交通污染以及城市生活废水排放,且有机质是影响重金属分布与富集的重要因素。Hg对各金属和有机质相关性较低,Hg的来源与其他组分不同,主要来源于农业灌溉区化肥及农药污染。 相似文献
2.
云蒙湖表层沉积物重金属分布特征及风险评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解云蒙湖表层沉积物中重金属的污染状况,选取云蒙湖沉积物中6种重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、As)作为研究对象,测定并分析其在云蒙湖表层沉积物中的分布、来源及生态风险,以期为云蒙湖沉积物中重金属污染治理及饮用水安全保障提供依据。采用富集系数法、相关性分析及聚类分析对重金属来源进行分析,并选用富集系数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对重金属污染程度及潜在生态危害进行了评价。结果表明:云蒙湖表层沉积物中6种重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、As平均含量分别为20.9、73.1、23.1、62.0、0.4和4.5 mg/kg;与临沂市土壤背景比较,Cd、Zn和Cr的含量超过临沂市土壤背景值,Cd污染最严重。重金属来源分析结果显示:Cd受人类活动影响较大,可能与区域农业和林业施肥有关;Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr和 As这几种重金属以自然来源为主。综合富集系数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法3种评价方法的结果得出,云蒙湖表层沉积物中Cd 为最主要的污染元素,且具有较强的生态危害。 相似文献
3.
为查清高邮湖底泥及出入湖河口表层沉积物重金属分布特征,评价其潜在生态风险,以湖区及周边25个底泥和沉积物样品为载体,重点研究8种重金属元素,选用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合指数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法,相似比对重金属污染等级及评价潜在生态风险。测试数据表明,8种重金属元素中,仅Hg含量（平均值）未超过里下河浅洼平原表层土壤重金属元素背景值,As含量（最大值）超过农用地土壤污染风险筛选值。Pearson相关系数矩阵表明,重金属元素Ni与Cr、Pb、Zn、Cu之间具显著同源性;单因子污染指数法与内梅罗综合指数法评价结果显示,污染指数均值排序均为As＞Cd＞Pb＞Cu＞Zn＞Ni＞Cr＞Hg,但对As、Cd评价前者为轻度污染,后者为中度污染;地累积指数Igeo显示,仅As为轻度污染,其余元素均为无污染状态。沉积物单项潜在生态风险指数排序为Cd＞Hg＞As＞Pb＞Cu＞Ni＞Cr＞Zn,仅Cd属中风险,其余元素为低风险;研究区综合潜在生态风险指数RI均值为115.7,表明全区总体生态风险属于低风险状态,重金属有沿入湖河口向湖心区富集趋势。 相似文献
4.
洞庭湖沉积物重金属环境地球化学 总被引：45，自引：0，他引：45
对洞庭湖沉积物样进行了Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Ni、As和Hg等8种元素含量分析.结果显示,洞庭湖沉积物中重金属污染物主要是Cd和Hg,其次是Pb、Zn、As和Cu;Cd平均含量达到2.7mg/kg,是国家土壤环境质量三级标准(1.0mg/kg)的近3倍;Cu、Pb、Zn、As和Hg平均含量分别为51.3mg/kg、52.8mg/kg、140mg/kg、22.5mg/kg和0.22mg/kg,均超过国家土壤环境质量一级标准.运用地累积指数法对其污染程度进行了评价,认为重金属污染最严重的湖区是东洞庭湖的鹿角至城陵矶湖区(段),污染物可能主要来源于湘江流域;各子湖区(段)重金属综合污染状况评价结果是:东洞庭湖＞大通湖＞横岭湖＞万子湖＞西洞庭湖＞采桑湖.入湖各河口区沉积物重金属含量与历史资料的对比表明,8种重金属含量均有较高程度的富集,反映近年来洞庭湖流域内重金属污染有增加的趋势. 相似文献
5.
通过对唐山滨海湿地表层沉积物采样,采用3种不同的方法,评价了不同采样点重金属元素Pb、Cr、Zn、Cu、Cd、As、Hg污染水平,并进行级别的划分;分析了不同重金属元素富集的影响因素,为判别其沉积物来源提供依据;通过潜在生态危害评价方法评价重金属对该区域生物的影响,以期为渤海湾重金属防治提供参考资料。结果表明,渤海湾唐山滨海湿地表层沉积物中各重金属的污染程度从大到小依次为:Pb> Cr> Zn> Cu> Cd> As> Hg;主要污染指示为Zn、Cr和Pb等元素;其表层沉积物As、Cd、Hg、Pb、Cu、Cr、Zn存在低等潜在危害程度;重金属元素对生态城生物为负面效应且偶尔发生,其中As元素的潜在危害最强。 相似文献
6.
对珠江口伶仃洋海底表层沉积物中重金属的分布规律进行了研究，并利用瑞典科学家Lars Hakanson的潜在生态危害指数法对重金属的生态危害程度进行了评价。研究结果表明，珠江口伶仃洋西岸附近的海底表层沉积物的重金属含量大于伶仃洋东岸附近的海底表层沉积物的重金属含量，重金属Zn、Cu、Cr、Cd、As和Hg的含量总体上表现为由西北向东南逐渐减小。生态危害评价结果显示，研究区内除4个站位为生态危害中等外，其余47个站位为生态危害轻微，海底表层沉积物重金属的污染程度顺序为Cd〉Hg〉Cu〉As〉Pb〉Cr〉Zn． 相似文献
7.
采集了长江南京八卦洲段悬浮物、漫滩柱状沉积物和表层沉积物样品,分析了Al、Fe、Mn、Hg、Ni、Cr、Cu、Pb、Cd、Co、Zn含量.结果表明,柱状沉积物元素含量垂向变化较小,反映沉积物来源比较稳定;表层沉积物微量元素含量因子分析反映元素主要受流域地质影响,Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn等元素还叠加人为活动的影响;悬浮物与长江中下游成矿带地质体的Pb同位素206Pb/207Pb比值非常接近,表明长江中下游成矿带来源悬浮物携带以Cd为代表的重金属对江苏沿江土壤重金属富集胚层起着重要的塑造作用. 相似文献
8.
长江沉积物环境地球化学特征及生态风险评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了进行长江流域沉积物生态风险评价,对长江流域干流以及主要支流的沉积物统一进行采样分析。首先对其元素的组成特征及重金属元素的富集特征进行分析。常量元素含量在流域空间上的变化主要受其携带矿物含量变化的影响;Cu、Pb、Cd、As、Hg 5种微量元素富集程度较大,存在异常。同时采用潜在生态风险指数法对长江沉积物Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As、Hg 10种元素进行了评价研究。结果表明,潜在生态风险指数较大的地区分布在湖南湘江、安徽铜陵等地区,中等的地区分布在四川、重庆及江西等地区,这些潜在污染指数与矿产的开采冶炼以及工业的布局有一定的关系,很大程度上是由人为因素造成的。从元素的潜在污染程度看,长江流域Cd、As、Hg污染程度较重,Cu、Zn、Pb次之,而Cr、Mn、Co、Ni基本没有污染。本研究为探讨长江流域沉积地球化学过程和环境保护提供了科学依据。 相似文献
9.
以金矿开发影响的黄河二级支流太峪水系沉积物为研究对象,沿河采集16个表层沉积物样品,分层采集垂向剖面10件水库沉积物样品,测定了样品中重金属元素Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Cu和Zn的含量,采用Hakanson潜在生态指数法和Tomlinson污染负荷指数法评价重金属元素污染程度和潜在生态风险。结果表明,矿业活动是太峪水系沉积物重金属元素污染的主要因素;变异系数、富集系数和最高污染系数均反映Hg、Pb、Cd是太峪水系沉积物的特征污染重金属元素,Cr和As的质量分数接近地区背景值;太峪水系表层沉积物受到重金属元素的极强污染,山区段污染较山外更严重;整个流域的Hg、Pb、Cd具有很强的潜在生态危害,Cr、As、Zn的潜在生态危害轻微;太峪水系沉积物垂向各层沉积物都受到重金属元素的极强污染,生态问题以Hg、Pb、Cd的潜在生态危害为主,其污染和生态危害程度都高于流向上的沉积物。潜在生态危害指数评价突出了不同元素的毒性和危害程度,而污染负荷指数法侧重于样本空间上的污染程度,二者互补使用有利于实际问题的全面评价。 相似文献
10.
漳州市城市土壤重金属含量特征及控制因素 总被引：31，自引：4，他引：27
讨论了 108个取自漳州市城区公园、生活区及环城菜地等不同功能区的表层 (0～ 20 cm)土壤样品中重金属含量及分布特点,根据土壤中重金属元素与主元素间的相关分析、聚类分析,探讨了影响土壤中重金属分布和来源的因素.结果表明,漳州市城市土壤 Hg、 Cd、 Pb、 Cu、 Zn、 As、 Cr和 Ni的平均含量分别为 0.471 mg/kg、 0.353 mg/kg、 75.9 mg/kg、 32.6 mg/kg、 106.7 mg/kg、 6.86 mg/kg、 29.7 mg/kg和 12.8 mg/kg,其中相对于区域土壤背景值与国家土壤环境质量标准,污染较突出的元素是 Hg和 Cd.深受人为污染活动影响的城区土壤和菜地土壤重金属平均含量也尤为突出,城区土壤 Hg平均含量最高,菜地土壤 Cd平均含量最高.元素的相关性分析和聚类分析结果表明 Hg相对于其他元素表现较独立, S对 Hg有一定的捕获能力;As、 Cr和 Ni是受控于成土母质的元素组合;Cd和 Pb是受人为污染影响较强的元素, Cu来源于地质成因的比例较大;Zn受控于土壤中锰氧化物粘粒. 相似文献
11.
Khaled Al-Kahtany Abdelbaset El-Sorogy Fahd Al-Kahtany Mohamed Youssef 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(7):155
To assess heavy metals in mangrove swamps of Sehat and Tarut coastal areas along the Arabian Gulf, 18 sediment samples were collected for Al, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg, Sr, As, Fe, Co, and Ni analysis. The results indicated that the distribution of some metals was largely controlled by anthropogenic inputs, while others were of terrigenous origin and most strongly associated with distribution of aluminum and total organic carbon in sediments. Mangrove sediments were extremely severe enriched with Sr (EF?=?67.59) and very severe enriched with V, Hg, Cd, Cu, As (EF?=?44.28, 37.45, 35.77, 25.97, and 11.53, respectively). Average values of Sr, V, Hg, Cd, Cu, Ni, As, and Cr were mostly higher than the ones recorded from the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aqaba, the Caspian Sea, the Arabian and Oman gulfs, coast of Tanzania, sediment quality guidelines, and the background shale and the earth crust. Landfilling due to coastal infrastructure development around mangrove forests, oil spills and petrochemical and desalination effluents from Al-Jubail industrial city to the north were the anthropogenic activities that further enhanced heavy metals in the studied mangrove sediments. 相似文献
12.
Lan Wang Yaping Wang Wenzhao Zhang Chunxue Xu Ziyi An 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(3):1183-1193
The concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As, Hg, and Fe) in sediments of the Yangtze River, China, were investigated to evaluate levels of contamination and their potential sources. The lowest heavy metal concentrations were found in the source regions of the river basin. Relatively high concentrations of metals, except Cr, were found in the Sichuan Basin, and the highest concentrations were in the Xiangjiang and Shun’anhe rivers. All concentrations, except Ni, were higher than global averages. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis showed that Zn, Pb, As, Hg, and Cd were derived mainly from the exploitation of various multi-metal minerals, industrial wastewater, and domestic sewage. Cu, Co, and Fe were derived mainly from natural weathering (erosion). Cr and Ni were derived mainly from agricultural activities, municipal and industrial wastewater. Sediment pollution was assessed using the geoaccumulation index (I geo) and enrichment factor (EF). Among the ten heavy metals assessed, Cd and Pb had the highest I geo values, followed by Cu, As, Zn, and Hg. The I geo values of Fe, Cr, Co, and Ni were <0 in all sediments. EF provided similar information to I geo: no enrichment was found for Cr, Co, and Ni. Cu, Zn, As, and Hg were relatively enriched at some sites while Cd and Pb showed significant enrichment. 相似文献
13.
Distribution and speciation of heavy metals in surface sediments from the Yangtze estuary and coastal areas 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Xue Li Ying Wang Baohua Li Chenghong Feng Yaxin Chen Zhenyao Shen 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(5):1537-1547
The concentrations and speciation of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the sediments of the nearshore area, river channel and coastal zones of the Yangtze estuary, China, were systematically investigated in this study. The concentrations of all heavy metals except Ni in the sediments of the nearshore area were higher than those of the river channel and coastal zones. In the nearshore area, the concentrations of most heavy metals except Hg in the sediments of the southern branch were higher than those of the northern branch because of the import of pollutants from the urban and industrial activities around. When compared with the threshold effect level (TEL) and geochemical background levels, Cr, Ni and As accumulated and posed potential adverse biological effects. The speciation analysis suggested that Cd, Pb and Zn in the sediments of the three zones showed higher bioavailability than the other heavy metals, and thus posed ecological risk. Significant correlations were observed among Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn (r > 0.77) in the nearshore area, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb (r > 0.85) in the river channel and Ni, Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn (r > 0.75) in the coastal zone. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the discharge of unban and industrial sewage, shipping pollution and the properties of the sediments (contents of Fe, Mn, Al, TOC, clay and silt) dominated the distribution of heavy metal in the nearshore area, river channel and coastal zones of the Yangtze estuary. 相似文献
14.
15.
基于GIS技术的江西德兴地区水系沉积物重金属污染的潜在生态危害研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
矿山开发必然对矿区及周边地区的生态环境造成危害。对矿山及其周边地区的生态环境进行现状调查和评价,为生态环境治理客观依据,显得极为重要。在江西德兴地区,系统采集该区域330个水系沉积物样品,并采用X荧光光谱仪和电感耦合等离子原子发射光谱仪为主体的分析配套方案分析样品中重金属的含量基础上,采用潜在生态危害指数法和GIS空间分析技术研究该地区的水系沉积物重金属污染的潜在生态危害。研究结果表明,德兴地区水系沉积物重金属污染的潜在生态危害范围较大,强—很强的生态危害区主要集中德兴铜钼和铅锌矿区、德兴河与大坞河流域及其周边地区,而乐安河下游沿岸以及乐平附近与西北部景德镇附近的少数煤矿区、婺源县城附近和东南角玉山县北西的铜钼矿点附近地区主要为零星中等生态危害。 相似文献
16.
Liang-Mei Huang Chao-Bing Deng Ning Huang Xiao-Jia Huang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,68(5):1331-1348
A study of agricultural lands around an abandoned Pb–Zn mine in a karst region was undertaken to (1) assess the distribution of heavy metals in the agricultural environment, in both dry land and paddy field; (2) discriminate between natural and anthropogenic contributions; and (3) identify possible sources of any pollution discovered. Ninety-two samples of cultivated soils were collected around the mine and analyzed for eight heavy metals, pH, fluoride (F?), cation exchange capacity, organic matter, and grain size. The eight heavy metals included Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, As, and Hg. The average concentrations (mg/kg) obtained were as follows: Cd 16.76 ± 24.49, Cr 151.5 ± 18.24, Cu 54.28 ± 18.99, Ni 57.5 ± 14.43, Pb 2,576.2 ± 1,096, Zn 548.7 ± 4,112, As 29.1 ± 6.36, and Hg 1.586 ± 1.46. In a site where no impact from mining activities was detected, the mean and median of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, As, and Hg concentrations in investigated topsoils were higher than the mean and median of heavy metal concentrations in reference soils. An ensemble of basic and multivariate statistical analyses was performed to reduce the multidimensional space of variables and samples. Two main sets of heavy metals were revealed as indicators of natural and anthropogenic influences. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) and categorical PCA demonstrated that Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Hg are indicators of anthropogenic pollution, whereas Cr, As and Ni concentrations are mainly associated with natural sources in the environment. The contamination from Pb–Zn mining operations, coupled with the special karst environment, was a key contributing factor to the spatial distribution of the eight heavy metals in the surrounding soil. The values of heavy metals in the soil samples suggested the necessity of conducting a rigorous assessment of the health and environmental risks posed by these residues and taking suitable remedial action as necessary. 相似文献
17.
Spatio-temporal trends of heavy metals and source apportionment in Tolo Harbour,Hong Kong 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This study provided a picture of the spatial and temporal distributions of Cr, Co, Ni Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb in bottom sediments
of Tolo Harbour. The concentrations of the eight heavy metals differed significantly between sites due to the poor tidal flushing
in Tolo Harbour. The levels of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were generally enriched in sediments from inner Tolo Harbour, while sediments
from outer Tolo Harbour (Tolo Channel) had higher levels of Cr, Co and Ni. The redox sensitive element arsenic showed no distinct
spatial pattern in Tolo Harbour. The decreasing levels of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in sediments with increasing distance from land
demonstrated a typical diffusion pattern from land to the direction of sea. Two hot spots of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in sediments
were located near Tai Po and Sha Tin new town, indicating that Cu, Zn, Pb and Zn were from land-derived sources. The sites
with relatively high levels of Cr, Co and Ni in sediments were located in areas close to waste spoil in sea floor. The natural
and anthropogenic inputs from Sha Tin and Tai Po to Tolo Harbour were mostly responsible for Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb enrichment
in sediments from inner Tolo Harbour. The waste spoil in sea floor was believed to contribute to the Cr, Co and Ni in outer
Tolo Harbour. The results of correlation coefficient between the eight heavy metals showed that Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were strongly
positively correlated, and Cr, Co and Ni were also significantly correlated with each other. The best explanation of strong
correlation was their similar source. As, however, is not well correlated with the other seven heavy metals. The average concentrations
of Cu and Zn displayed general increasing trends from 1978 to 2006 in Tolo Harbour, while the mean levels of Cr and Pb displayed
a substantial decrease from 1978 to 1987, then a slight increase after 1987. No distinct temporal trends of the concentrations
of Ni and As were observed from 1978 due to the inconsecutive data. On the other hand, the increasing trends of Cr, Cu, Zn,
Cd and Pb were observed since 1996. 相似文献
18.
As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, V, Se and Zn concentrations were determined and compared in lake and overbank sediments
from 33 catchments without local pollution sources in southern Norway. There were no significant differences in concentrations
of Be, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, and V in overbank and pre-industrial lake sediments. In areas with shallow overburden, and significant
influence from long-range atmospheric pollution, concentrations of As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Se, and Zn in overbank sediments were probably
modified by vertical percolating water. In such areas, we suggest using lake sediments as a better sampling medium for mapping
pre-industrial concentrations. Pre-industrial lake sediments yield natural concentrations of Hg and Se, which consist of both
geogenic and natural atmospheric deposition. Important covariables like organic carbon content, Fe oxides, and fine mineral
fraction were generally higher in pre-industrial lake sediments as compared to overbank sediments. By adjusting for such differences
overbank sediments could be used as an alternative in mapping background concentrations of trace metals in regions with few
lakes.
Received: 19 February 1999 · Accepted: 17 April 1999 相似文献