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1.
吕俊梅张庆云陶诗言琚建华 《应用气象学报》2007,18(4):442-451
根据黄刚等定义的东亚夏季风指数, 对强、弱东亚夏季风年大气环流、大气热源和外强迫源SST的差异进行分析, 结果表明:强 (弱) 东亚夏季风年前期冬季到夏季, 太平洋SSTA为La Ni?a (El Ni?o) 型分布, 西太平洋暖池SST暖 (冷), 使得暖池附近对流活动较强 (较弱)。与此同时, 南亚大陆从印度半岛、青藏高原南部、中南半岛至华南大气异常加热 (变冷), 并且海陆热力对比加强 (减弱), 有利于出现强 (弱) 的东亚夏季风。此外, 由于暖池附近对流活动强 (弱), 该地区上升气流较强 (弱), Walker环流增强 (减弱), 当强 (弱) 的东亚夏季风向北推进时, 副热带西风急流北撤位置偏北 (南), 副热带高压位置也偏北 (南), 7月至8月华北 (江淮流域) 位于副热带西风急流南侧, 降水偏多, 江淮流域 (华北) 降水偏少。并给出与东亚夏季风年际变异有关的大气环流和SST异常的物理图像。 相似文献
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澳大利亚东侧环流及海温异常与长江中下游夏季旱涝的关系 总被引：15，自引：7，他引：8
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、NOAA的SST资料和1951～2005年中国160站月降水总量资料,研究了南极涛动,特别是澳大利亚东侧的环流及局地海温异常与长江中下游夏季旱涝的关系。研究发现,澳大利亚东侧位势高度异常与长江中下游夏季降水存在显著正相关,并由此定义了一个澳大利亚东侧位势高度指数（GHIEA）。当GHIEA指数偏大（小） 时,也即澳大利亚东侧位势高度偏高（偏低）,这种气压异常扰动可能通过Rossby波传播到北半球副热带地区,形成南北半球高度场的遥相关,使我国南海至菲律宾北部副热带地区位势高度增加（减小）,也即副高较强（弱）且偏南西伸（偏北偏东）,从而造成长江中下游地区降水偏多（少）。夏季南极涛动与长江中下游夏季降水的显著相关的原因主要是澳大利亚东侧局地位势高度异常造成的。澳大利亚东侧位势高度偏高（低）,南极涛动指数（IAO） 也随之偏大（小）,澳大利亚东侧位势高度异常通过南北半球高度场遥相关影响到北半球副热带地区的大气环流, 进而使长江中游夏季降水偏多（少）。另外,从局地海温异常角度也能部分解释澳大利亚东侧位势高度异常与长江中下游夏季降水存在显著正相关的可能成因:当澳大利亚东侧局地海域SST偏高（低）时,对应GHIEA指数偏高（低）,也即澳大利亚东侧位势高度偏高（低）。同时,当澳大利亚东侧局地海域SST偏高（低）时,南海地区SST也易于偏高（低）,使西太平洋副高较强并偏南西伸（较弱并偏北偏东）,从而造成长江中下游降水偏多（少）。 相似文献
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长江中下游旱涝的环流型与赤道东太平洋海温遥相关波列特征 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11
根据长江中下游地区夏季旱涝年前期冬、春季北太平洋海温分布特征进行分析研究 ,提出了影响区域性旱涝的海温“强信号”概念 ;探讨了北半球大气环流结构对赤道东太平洋海温异常响应问题 ,并研究了东太平洋海温与北半球夏、春季高度偏差场季尺度相关偏差场波列结构相关特征。研究结果表明 ,赤道东太平洋海温异常可能通过低纬walker环流引起赤道西太平洋区域性大气异常运动 ,从而产生遥响应环流型 ,形成类似PNA遥相关“大圆波列”。此类遥响应特征在西太平洋区域表现出与副热带高压、西风槽、阻塞高压等相关的系统的准定常经向波列。研究结果还表明此类经向波列结构描述了中高纬地区系统对低纬异常海温遥响应的动力学特征。应用 1997～ 1998年冬季实际海温资料 ,并在赤道中东太平洋地区引入实际海温异常的敏感性试验 ,较成功地模拟了 1998年夏季长江流域洪涝的降水分布特征。文中从统计、动力分析和数值模拟综合分析方法揭示出由前期东太平洋海温异常引起的大气环流变异 ,构成中国长江流域旱涝的物理图像及其动力学模型。 相似文献
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本文对2013年海洋和大气环流异常特征进行分析,讨论这些异常特征对中国气温和降水的主要影响。结果表明：2012/2013年冬季,北极涛动持续维持负位相,500 hPa位势高度场上,欧亚大陆中高纬环流呈“两槽一脊”的环流形势,乌拉尔山的高压脊持续偏强,而东亚槽也异常偏强,导致全国平均气温较常年同期偏低。季内,西伯利亚高压强度变化显著,与之相对应,我国气温季内阶段性变化大,前冬冷、后冬暖。进一步研究表明,前秋北极海冰的大幅偏少是造成东亚冬季风偏强的重要原因。2013年冬季至夏季,赤道中东太平洋海温异常偏低而海洋性大陆至西太平洋海温异常偏高,受此影响,夏季西太平洋副热带高压位置明显偏北,导致我国北方夏季多雨。与此同时,受西太平洋副热带高压下沉气流的控制,我国南方大部高温持续。2013年南海夏季风爆发偏早两候,结束偏晚4候,强度偏弱。 相似文献
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1997年北半球大气环流特征及其影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
１９９７年北半球主要环流特征为：５００ｈＰａ西太平洋副热带高压盛夏由弱转强、西伸明显、脊线位置偏北;亚洲中纬度经、纬向环流交替出现,纬向环流盛行,春、秋季经向环流加强,冬、夏季冷空气异常偏弱;盛夏南海季风增强,印度季风偏弱;赤道辐合带偏弱。北半球１００ｈＰａ中低纬度位势高度持续偏高,南亚高压东扩明显;热带海洋出现异常,一次新的厄尔尼诺事件发生,强度大、发展快。在ＥＮＳＯ和大气环流的共同影响下我国天 相似文献
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2013年夏季西太平洋副高异常特征及其对湖南高温干旱的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用湖南96个测站的逐日降水、日最高气温和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、海温资料,分析了2013年夏季西太平洋副热带高压异常活动特征、成因及其对湖南高温干旱的影响。结果表明,2013年夏季西太平洋副高异常偏西、偏强,使得湖南一直处在高压下沉气流控制下,形成持续高温干旱天气。造成副高变异的原因主要有:(1)2012年冬季至2013年春季,赤道东太平洋海表温度持续偏低,印度洋—赤道西太平洋海表温度持续偏高,使得Walker环流和Hadley环流的上升和下沉运动得到加强,西太平洋副高西伸、加强;(2)南亚高压一次次东伸,通过强烈高空负涡度平流的动力强迫,造成西太平洋副高区内的下沉运动,导致副高稳定维持,天气晴热高温;(3)西风急流较常年偏北,纬向环流偏强,导致副热带高压在偏北位置稳定维持,200 h Pa高空辐合增强,辐合中心位于30°N以北,造成500 h Pa副高下沉运动区位置偏北、偏强。 相似文献
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2000年受La Nina结束后冷水事件的影响，北半球大气环充的要主特征表现为：500hPa东亚中纬度呈经，纬向环流交替分布，西太平洋副热带高压偏弱，偏北，偏东，热带对流活动冬季偏强，夏季偏弱，赤道辐合带偏弱，在上述大气环流的影响下，台风偏少，夏季主要多雨带位于黄河与长江之间，黄河以北地区干旱严重。 相似文献
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华北夏季旱涝的前期环流异常及其与北太平洋海温的关系 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
文章分析了华北地区夏季旱涝的前期春季大气环流和北太平洋海温异常（ＳＳＴＡ）分布特征，探讨ＳＳＴＡ与异常环流的关系，并用ＯＳＵ－ＡＧＣＭ进行黑潮地区热源异常强迫的数值试验．结果表明，当春季北极低涡明显减弱，欧亚大陆中高纬度地区纬向环流加强，西太平洋副高位置偏北偏西，且存在负ＰＮＡ型异常环流时，华北地区夏季多雨涝；反之则少雨干旱．此时，西北太平洋和赤道东太平洋ＳＳＴ分别存在较大的正、负异常，它们与春季环流异常密切相关，黑潮区ＳＳＴＡ对北半球副热带及其以北的大气环流产生显著影响，正的ＳＳＴＡ是造成华北夏涝年的前期春季异常环流形势的重要因素． 相似文献
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南半球环流异常对夏季西太平洋热带气旋生成的影响及其机理 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
利用中国气象局提供的热带气旋资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和美国NOAA向外长波辐射(OLR)等资料, 研究了西太平洋(125°E～150°E)夏季热带气旋生成频数多寡的可能机理, 讨论了南北半球环流系统共同作用的物理过程及其对热带辐合带(Intertropical Convergence Zone, 简称ITCZ), 进而对热带气旋频数的影响, 并重点探论了从澳大利亚东侧位势高度异常到北半球西太平洋热带气旋频数响应的可能物理过程。研究发现: 澳大利亚东侧的环流异常和西太平洋热带气旋活动频数密切相关。南半球的澳大利亚东侧环流异常可能不完全是通过越赤道气流, 而主要是通过Rossby波的传播造成的南北半球遥相关作用, 影响北半球环流系统的, 进而影响菲律宾以东赤道辐合带对流活动的强弱, 导致西太平洋热带气旋生成频数的多寡差异。当澳大利亚东侧的位势高度为正距平时, 相应地在菲律宾以东地区也会出现正距平。即西太平洋副高偏强, 且偏南西伸, 抑制热带辐合带的对流活动发展, 使菲律宾以东的对流活动偏弱, 从而使热带气旋生成频数偏少。而当澳大利亚东侧的位势高度为负距平时, 相应地在菲律宾以东地区也会出现负距平。也即西太平洋副高偏弱, 且位置偏北。菲律宾以东地区对流活动偏强, 热带气旋生成频数偏多。另外, 西太平洋 (125°E～150°E) 以西的上游赤道西风也对热带气旋频数也有重要影响。具体表现为, 当90°E附近的越赤道气流强时, (5°N～15°N, 125°E～150°E)范围内的西风也随之加强, 从而使菲律宾以东对流活动加强, 西太平洋热带气旋频数增高。反之, 当该支越赤道气流弱时, 上游赤道西风随之偏弱, 从而造成菲律宾以东对流活动偏弱, 西太平洋热带气旋生成偏少。 相似文献
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亚澳季风异常与ENSO准四年变化的联系分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分析了赤道地区纬向风的年际变化特征，以及亚澳季风与ENSO在各个位相的联系。结果表明：赤道纬向风变化与中东太平洋海温变化在准四年周期上是强烈耦合的；在El Eino期间东亚冬季风弱，夏季风强，而南亚夏季风弱，反之，在La Nina期间东亚冬季风强，夏季风弱，而南亚夏季风强；东亚地区的异常北风有利于西太平洋西风异常爆发，使得东太平洋海温升高，但只有随后在中东太平洋出现持续性西风异常，El Nino才能发展，其中来自太平洋中部的异常北风（并不是来自东亚大陆地区）和南太平洋中部的异常南风的辐合对中东太平洋出现持续性西风异常起重要的作用，尤其是澳大利亚东北部的季风异常的影响更为显。 相似文献
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Influence of North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies on tropical Pacific SST anomalies is examined. Both summer and winter North Atlantic SST anomalies are negatively related to central-eastern tropical Pacific SST anomalies in the subsequent months varying from 5 to 13?months. In particular, when the North Atlantic is colder than normal in the summer, an El Ni?o event is likely to be initiated in the subsequent spring in the tropical Pacific. Associated with summer cold North Atlantic SST anomalies is an anomalous cyclonic circulation at low-level over the North Atlantic from subsequent October to April. Corresponded to this local response, an SST-induced heating over the North Atlantic produces a teleconnected pattern, similar to the East Atlantic/West Russia teleconnection. The pattern features two anticyclonic circulations near England and Lake Baikal, and two cyclonic circulations over the North Atlantic and near the Caspian Sea. The anticyclonic circulation near Lake Baikal enhances the continent northerlies, and strengthens the East-Asian winter monsoon. These are also associated with an off-equatorial cyclonic circulation in the western Pacific during the subsequent winter and spring, which produces equatorial westerly wind anomalies in the western Pacific. The equatorial westerly wind anomalies in the winter and spring can help initiate a Pacific El Ni?o event following a cold North Atlantic in the summer. 相似文献
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The influence of the spring AO on ENSO has been demonstrated in several recent studies. This analysis further explores the physical process of the influence of AO on ENSO using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data over the period 1958–2010. We focus on the formation of the westerly wind burst in the tropical western Pacific, and examine the evolution and formation of the atmospheric circulation, atmospheric heating, and SST anomalies in association with the spring AO variability. The spring AO variability is found to be independent from the East Asian winter monsoon activity. The spring AO associated circulation anomalies are supported by the interaction between synoptic-scale eddies and the mean-flow and its associated vorticity transportation. Surface wind changes may affect surface heat fluxes and the oceanic heat transport, resulting in the SST change. The AO associated warming in the equatorial SSTs results primarily from the ocean heat transport in the face of net surface heat flux damping. The tropical SST warming is accompanied by anomalous atmospheric heating in the subtropical north and south Pacific, which sustains the anomalous westerly wind in the equatorial western Pacific through a Gill-like atmospheric response from spring to summer. The anomalous westerly excites an eastward propagating and downwelling equatorial Kelvin wave, leading to SST warming in the tropical central-eastern Pacific in summer-fall. The tropical SST, atmospheric heating, and atmospheric circulation anomalies sustain and develop through the Bjerknes feedback mechanism, which eventually result in an El Niño-like warming in the tropical eastern Pacific in winter. 相似文献
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Impact of Indian monsoon on the coupled atmosphere/ocean system in the tropical pacific 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
T. Yasunari 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1990,44(1-4):29-41
Summary This study addresses the relationship between the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and the coupled atmosphere/ocean system in the tropical Pacific on the interannual time scales. High positive correlations are found between ISM rainfall and both mixed layer sea water temperature (SWT) and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies of the tropical western Pacific in the following winter. Negative correlations between ISM rainfall and SST in the central/eastern Pacific also appear to be most significant in the following winter. These parameters are correlated with each other mainly on a biennial time scale. Lag-correlations between the zonal wind and SST along the the equatorial Pacific show that the westerly (easterly) surface wind stress anomalies over the central/western Pacific are greatly responsible for the formation of negative (positive) SST/SWT anomalies in the western Pacific and positive (negative) SST/SWT anomalies in the central/eastern Pacific. Furthermore, it is evidenced that these lagcorrelations are physically based on the anomalies in the large-scale convection over the Asian monsoon region and the associated east-west circulation over the tropical Pacific, which first appear during the Indian summer monsoon season and evolve during the following autumn and winter. These results strongly suggest that the Asian summer monsoon may have an active, rather than a passive, role on the interannual variability, including the ENSO events, of the coupled atmosphere/ocean system over the tropical Pacific.With 9 Figures 相似文献
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THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE PRECEDING WINTER MJO ACTIVITIES AND THE SUMMER PRECIPITATION IN YANGTZE-HUAIHE RIVER BASIN OF CHINA 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The first two series(RMM1 and RMM2) of RMM Index(all-Season Real-time Multivariate MJO Index) are computed to obtain the interannual variation of the preceding winter(preceding December to current February) MJO strength,according to which active(or inactive) years of preceding winter MJO are divided.By utilizing the data provided by NCEP/NCAR,CMAP and China’s 160 stations from 1979 to 2008,we studied the preceding winter MJO strength and discovered that the summer precipitation in the basin are of significantly negative correlation,i.e.when the preceding winter MJO is relatively active,the summer precipitation in the basin decreases,and vise verse.We also analyzed the causes.When the preceding winter MJO is relatively active,its release of potential heat facilities Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ) to strengthen and locate northward in winter and propagate northeastward.This abnormal situation lasts from winter to summer.In mid-May,ITCZ jumps northward to the South China Sea,the western Pacific subtropical high withdraws eastward,and the South China Sea summer monsoon sets off and strengthens.In summer,ITCZ propagates to South China Sea-subtropical western Pacific,the zonal circulation of subtropical Pacific strengthens,and a local meridional circulation of the South China Sea to the basin area forms,giving rise to the East Asia Pacific teleconnection wave-train.An East Asian monsoon trough and the Meiyu front show opposite features from south to north,the East Asian summer monsoon strengthens and advances northward.As a result,the summer monsoon is weakened as the basin is controlled by the subtropical high continually,with less rain in summer.On the contrary,when the preceding winter MJO is inactive,ITCZ weakens and is located southward,the subtropical high is located southward in summer,and the basin is in a region of ascending airflow with prevailing southwest wind.The East Asian monsoon trough and EASM weaken so that summer monsoon is reduced in the basin where precipitation increases. 相似文献
16.
Boreal summer continental monsoon rainfall and hydroclimate anomalies associated with the Asian-Pacific Oscillation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
With the twentieth century analysis data (1901–2002) for atmospheric circulation, precipitation, Palmer drought severity index, and sea surface temperature (SST), we show that the Asian-Pacific Oscillation (APO) during boreal summer is a major mode of the earth climate variation linking to global atmospheric circulation and hydroclimate anomalies, especially the Northern Hemisphere (NH) summer land monsoon. Associated with a positive APO phase are the warm troposphere over the Eurasian land and the relatively cool troposphere over the North Pacific, the North Atlantic, and the Indian Ocean. Such an amplified land–ocean thermal contrast between the Eurasian land and its adjacent oceans signifies a stronger than normal NH summer monsoon, with the strengthened southerly or southwesterly monsoon prevailing over tropical Africa, South Asia, and East Asia. A positive APO implies an enhanced summer monsoon rainfall over all major NH land monsoon regions: West Africa, South Asia, East Asia, and Mexico. Thus, APO is a sensible measure of the NH land monsoon rainfall intensity. Meanwhile, reduced precipitation appears over the arid and semiarid regions of northern Africa, the Middle East, and West Asia, manifesting the monsoon-desert coupling. On the other hand, surrounded by the cool troposphere over the North Pacific and North Atlantic, the extratropical North America has weakened low-level continental low and upper-level ridge, hence a deficient summer rainfall. Corresponding to a high APO index, the African and South Asian monsoon regions are wet and cool, the East Asian monsoon region is wet and hot, and the extratropical North America is dry and hot. Wet and dry climates correspond to wet and dry soil conditions, respectively. The APO is also associated with significant variations of SST in the entire Pacific and the extratropical North Atlantic during boreal summer, which resembles the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation in SST. Of note is that the Pacific SST anomalies are not present throughout the year, rather, mainly occur in late spring, peak at late summer, and are nearly absent during boreal winter. The season-dependent APO–SST relationship and the origin of the APO remain elusive. 相似文献
17.
Spring Arctic Oscillation-East Asian summer monsoon connection through circulation changes over the western North Pacific 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Dao-Yi Gong Jing Yang Seong-Joong Kim Yongqi Gao Dong Guo Tianjun Zhou Miao Hu 《Climate Dynamics》2011,37(11-12):2199-2216
In the present study the links between spring Arctic Oscillation (AO) and East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) was investigated with focus on the importance of the North Pacific atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperature (SST). To reduce the statistical uncertainty, we analyzed high-pass filtered data with the inter-annual time scales, and excluded the El Ni?o/Southern Oscillation signals in the climate fields using a linear fitting method. The significant relationship between spring AO and EASM are supported by the changes of multi-monsoon components, including monsoon indices, precipitation, and three-dimensional atmospheric circulations. Following a stronger positive spring AO, an anomalous cyclonic circulation at 850?hPa appears in southeastern Asia and the western North Pacific in summer, with the easterly anomalies spanning from the Pacific to Asian continent along 25°N?C30°N and the westerly anomalies south of 15°N. At the same time, the summer western North Pacific subtropical high becomes weaker. Consistently, the positive precipitation anomalies are developed over a broad region south of 30°N stretching from southern China to the western Pacific and the negative precipitation anomalies appear in the lower valley of the Yangtze River and southern Japan. The anomalous cyclone in the western North Pacific persisting from spring to summer plays a key role in modulating EASM and monsoon precipitation by a positive air-sea feedback mechanism. During spring the AO-associated atmospheric circulation change produces warmer SSTs between 150°E?C180° near the equator. The anomalous sensible and latent heating, in turn, intensifies the cyclone through a Gill-type response of the atmosphere. Through this positive feedback, the tropical atmosphere and SST patterns sustain their strength from spring to summer, that consequently modifies the monsoon trough and the western North Pacific subtropical high and eventually the EASM precipitation. Moreover, the SST response to AO-circulation is supported by the numerical simulations of an ocean model, and the anomalous atmospheric circulation over the western North Pacific is also reproduced by the dedicated numerical simulations using the coupled atmosphere?Cocean model. The observation evidence and numerical simulations suggest the spring AO can impact the EASM via triggering tropical air-sea feedback over the western North Pacific. 相似文献
18.
利用NCEP/NCAR全球再分析资料、地面观测资料和自动站降水资料,分析了2018/2019年冬季浙江罕见连续阴雨寡照天气过程中冬季风环流和南支槽等环流异常,并从西风带波动、海温强迫等方面研究了局地环流异常的成因。结果表明:2018/2019年冬季连阴雨事件中雨日、日照破历史记录,雨量较常年同期明显偏多。主要的环流异常为西北太平洋异常反气旋（WNPAC）明显偏北,同时阿留申低压和西伯利亚高压亦偏北,东亚地区40°N以南有强的偏南风异常,冬季风偏弱;南支槽较常年偏强,保证了浙江上空有持续的水汽和扰动输送。对流层中层存在沿欧洲向东亚—西太平洋传播的波动能量,波能在东亚地区一直向南传播至20°N以南,可能导致WNPAC明显北抬和南支槽加强。ENSO是WNPAC的重要强迫源,ENSO暖位相使得海洋性大陆出现异常对流冷却,而浙江上空对流加强,ENSO对南支槽活动强度亦有明显的制约作用。中国近海海温偏高是WNPAC和阿留申低压明显偏北的重要影响因素。2018/2019年冬季局地环流异常可能由ENSO和中国近海海温协同强迫所致。 相似文献
19.
Summary In this paper, we first examine the relationship of El Nino and La Nina events with the westerly wind anomalies over the
western Pacific warm pool. On this basis, the roles of the Asian and Australian winter monsoons in the formation and progress
of the westerly wind anomalies are studied. Finally, we analyze the associations of the Asian and Australian winter monsoons,
the westerly wind anomalies and the El Nino and La Nina alternations with the propagating anomalies of the Southern and Northern
Oscillation.
The results show that the westerly wind bursts are frequent over the Maritime Continent and western Pacific, only those which
can further intensify and propagate eastward are accompanied by an El Nino event. It is identified that the establishment
and eastward propagation of westerly wind bursts are related to enhanced East Asian and Australian winter monsoon, respectively.
The activities of the East Asian and Australian winter monsoon, the variation of the Pacific westerly and trade winds and
the alternate appearance of El Nino and La Nina events should be internally connected. The main agents of this relationship
are the eastward propagation of alternate positive and negative height anomalies associated with the Southern and Northern
Oscillation on a 3–5 year time scale over the south and north tropical Pacific.
Received January 4, 1998/Revised January 19, 1999 相似文献